Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an inflammatory or infectious condition of the pelvic cavity that can affect the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It is commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis. Symptoms may include vaginal discharge, pain during sex, lower abdominal pain, and fever. Treatment involves antibiotic therapy, with hospitalization needed if oral antibiotics are ineffective. Complications can include recurrent PID, ruptured abscess, chronic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility if left untreated.

1. PELVIC INFLAMMATORY
DISEASE
• Prepared by Mononita
Bhattacharjee
• MSc. Nursing (Medical
Surgical Nursing)

2. DEFINITION
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE or
PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDER
(PID) is an inflammatory or infectious
condition of pelvic cavity .

3. It may begin with…
 Cervix ( cervicitis )

4.  Uterus
( endometritis )

5.  Fallopian tubes
( salpingitis )

6.  Ovaries
(oophoritis)

7. CAUSING ORGANISM
PID is a polymicrobial
(caused by several types
of microorganisms )
infection.
Neisseria gonorrhea
Chlamydia trachomatis
are the most common
causative organism of
PID.

8. RISK FACTORS
• Age < 25 are more likely to develop PID
than those older
• Multiple sex partners
• Douching regularly
• IUD

9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

10. CERVICITIS
ENDOMETRITIS
SALPINGITIS
OOPHORITIS

11. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
PID can be SYMPTOMATIC or
ASYMTOMATIC.
Vaginal discharge.
Dispariunia
Lower abdominal pelvic pain.

12. Cont…
Lower abdominal tenderness.
Irregular menstrual cycle.
Pain may increase with voiding or with
defecation.
Fever

13. Cont…
General malaise
Anorexia
Nausea
Headache
Possibly emesis.

14. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
History collection.
Physical evaluation.

15. INVESTIGATIONS
• Blood tests (ESR), (CRP)
• Urine culture
• Sensitivity tests of vaginal and cervical
secretions

16. Cont…
• Imaging methods:
– Ultrasonography
– Computed tomography (CT)
– Magnetic imaging (MRI)
• Endometrial biopsy.
• Laparoscopy

17. COLLABORATIVE CARE /
MANAGEMENT

18. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
PID is usually treated on out patient
basis.
Oral antibiotic therapy.
 Combination of antibiotics.
If client does not respond to ORAL
antibiotic therapy she will be advised to
be hospitalized.

19. Cont…
 Start maximum doses of PARENTERAL
ANTIBIOTIC.
Analgesic
IV fluids

20. OTHER MANAGEMENT
Application of heat to lower abdomen.
Sitz bath, improve circulation and
decrease pain.
Bed rest

21. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Surgery is indicated
for abscess that fail to
resolve with IV
antibiotics.
 Laparatomy

22. Cont…
In extreme case of
infection and severe
pain
 Hysterectomy

23. NURSING MANAGEMENT

24. COMPLICATIONS
Recurrent PID
Ruptured abscess
Chronic lower abdomen pain.
Ectopic pregnancy
Infertility