2. C LASHES ON THE P LAINS
Treaty of Fort Laramie
Beginning of reservations for Plains Indians
3. T HE H ORSE AND THE B ISON
Horses brought by the Spanish allowed the Plains
Indians increased mobility in war and hunting.
4.
5. 1834 U.S. Government considered the
entire Great Plains an Indian
reservation
1850s U.S. Government began to make
treaties specific boundaries
6. C AUSES OF M IGRATION TO A MERICAN I NDIAN L ANDS
Discovery of Gold
European migration to
U.S.
Cheap / free land
Overcrowding
A new life after the Civil
War
7.
8. Massacre at Sand Creek (1864)
Cheyenne/Arapaho – 150 mostly women and children were killed
Second Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
Bozeman Trail closed
Agree to settlement on reservation
2 of 3 Sioux tribes signed - Sitting Bull refuses
11. C USTER ’ S L AST S TAND (1876)
Gold is found in S. Dakota on Sioux Land
Whites flood land
Sioux Attack
7th Cavalry was wiped out at the Little Big
Horn River Gen.
George
Armstron
g
Custer
Chief Sitting Bull
12. D AWES A CT OF 1887
“Americanization” of American Indians
Broke up reservations, no more communal land
160 Acres – head of household
80 acres – unmarried adult
All other land was sold to settlers – no $ from the sale was given
to the Native Americans
1932 – 2/3 of Indian lands were gone
15. The Ghost Dance was created by a group of Native Americans to restore the old way of
life.
Army feared it.
16. Wounded Knee (1890)
300 starving Sioux were massacred by the military in response
to the Ghost Dance
17.
18. FACTORS L EADING TO THE S ETTLEMENT OF W EST
1. Railroads
Transcontinental Railroad – connected East with
West
Union Pacific was built from the West
Central Pacific was built from the East
Meet – Promontory, Utah
Built by immigrants – Chinese & Irish
19. 2. Land Grants
Homestead Act of 1862
160 Acres – not all good land – most failed
“Exodusters” – African Americans who moved
west after the Civil War
Oklahoma Land Rush 1889
Massive land giveaway in Indian Territory
(2M acres) … the Sooners
West goes from 1% to 30% of nation’s population.
21. “E ND OF THE F RONTIER ”
F REDERICK J ACKSON T URNER – H ISTORIAN
“American social development has been
continually beginning over again on the frontier.
This perennial rebirth, this fluidity of American
life, this expansion westward with its new
opportunities, its continuous touch with the
simplicity of primitive society, furnish the forces
dominating American character.”
What will be the next frontier, the next challenge?
22. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
John Deere - steel bladed plow 1837
http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/agriculture/htmls/technology/horse-drawn/tech_horse-drawn_deere_plow.html
23. Before the reaper there was the scythe – Hand-held, slow
Clip 522
24. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
Cyrus McCormick – reaper 1847 – Cuts grain
Pulled by horse or other draft animal
25. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
Different Reaper – Same effect - Clip 536
26. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
Reaper and
Binder
Clip 541 &
542
27. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
Harrow (smoothes soil)– 1869
29. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
The end of the open range
brought an end to the cattle
drives as well
Joseph F. Glidden’s invention…
Barbed Wire 1874
33. FARMERS U NITE TO A DDRESS P ROBLEMS
Late 1800 Economic Problems
Falling prices
Mortgaged farms / equipment buying on credit
Increase in bank foreclosures
Increase in railroad shipping charges
34. E FFECTS OF R ETIRING THE G REENBACKS
Greenbacks retired - $ left in circulation worth
more
Farmers had to pay back loans w/ crop prices
down less profit
Farmers wanted more $ (silver) in circulation –
didn’t solve problems
35. T HE G RANGE 1867 (T HE PATRONS OF H USBANDRY )
Oliver Hudson Kelly
Social outlet for farmers
Educational forum
Fight Railroads (high pricing / legislation)
Established coops (cooperatives)
36. FARMERS A LLIANCE
Education of farmers (business & agriculture)
Spellbinding speakers – Mary Lease
“Raise more hell and less corn”
Southern Alliance – white farmers
Colored Farmers’ National Alliance – African
American farmers
37. P EOPLE ’ S PARTY (1892) - P OPULISM
Increase in $ supply increasing prices
Graduated income tax
Federal loan program
Popular vote of U.S. Senators
Term limits – President / Vice President
Secret Ballot
8 hour work day
Restrictions on immigration
38. Appealed to farmers & laborers
10% vote in elections for Governors, Senators,
Congressmen, Legislators
Adopted by Democratic Party – strong in South
40. E LECTION OF 1896
Republicans Democrats / Populists
Industrial East
South + West
Gold Standard
Bimetalism -
“Gold Bugs” “Silverites”
William McKinley William Jennings Bryan
41. C ROSS OF G OLD S PEECH
“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this
crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon
a cross of gold.”
42. E LECTION OF 1896
Election Results
McKinley wins
Industrial Midwest feared inflation
McKinley
43. E FFECTS OF P OPULISM
“Little guy” can organize and be effective in
elections
Begins reform movement that will move into 20th
Century
44. D ECLINE OF P OPULISM
McKinley victory – Populism collapses
Democratic Party took on their ideas
Lack of support in cities – fear inflation
Regional support only – South / West