The document provides an overview of Agile, Lean, and Lean UX principles and how they can work together. It discusses topics like Scrum, minimum viable products, prototyping, and different types of user research methods like interviews and surveys. The presenter provides examples and recommendations for applying these principles to product development to build, measure, and learn from customers in an iterative way.

1. Agile, Lean & Lean UX
- How to make it all work together!

2. AMRITA AVIYENTE
Founder/CEO, UX Strategy & Design Lead
Date My Wardrobe
Education
BIT, MS IT, MS HFID (Human Factors
in Information Design)
Work Experience
Software Engineer -> 7+ years at
Fidelity Investments (Boston, MA)
UX Research Associate -> User
Experience Center (Bentley
University, MA)
Passion
Tennis, Cricket, Reading, Traveling
Email: amrita@datemywardrobe.com
Twitter: @amrita_ux
Website: www.AmritaAviyente.com
www.DateMyWardrobe.com

3. Agenda
Agile
Waterfall
Lean Startup
Lean UX/User Research
Questions?
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4. WATERFALL
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4

5. Waterfall
Sequential steps
[ Analysis -> Design -> Dev -> QA -> UAT -> Prod -> Maint. ]
Tons of documentation
Longer release cycles
Well understood requirements
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Waterfall

6. Shortcomings
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Waterfall
No Accountability, blame game
Team conflicts
Set meetings
Limited business involvement
Difficult to make changes (sometimes too late)
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

7. AGILE
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8. Agile
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AGILE
http://agilemanifesto.org/principles.htm
Kent Beck– American SWE (Creator of the XP), TDD (Test Driven Dev)

9. Waterfall/Agile
Waterfall
A lot of documentation
Sequential
Well Known Req
Infrequent Releases
Agile
Limited documentation
Iterative/Incremental
Req not well known
Frequent Releases
AGILE
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10. Releases
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AGILE
Release
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
Iteration 1 Iteration 2
Day 1:
Iteration
Kickoff Day 1:
Iteration
Kickoff
Last Day:
Retrospective,
Demo
Last Day:
Retrospective,
Demo

11. Shortcomings
Learning curve
Stressful releases
Continuous customer involvement is not always easy
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AGILE

12. @amrita_ux
SCRUM

13. AGILE Scrum
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Agile software development framework for managing
software projects!

14. WAR Rooms
Best Practices
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AGILE

15. Small Tracks/Teams
(6-8 people/track: 1 analyst, 1-2 app dev, 1-2 DB dev, 2 Qa)
Best Practices
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AGILE

16. Daily Scrum
Best Practices
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AGILE

17. Quiet Time (few hours/day)
Best Practices
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AGILE

18. Restrospective
Best Practices
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AGILE

19. Pair Programming
Best Practices
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AGILE

20. TDD (Test Driven Development)
What worked!
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AGILE

21. How frequently should you be having a product release?
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Q

22. … a set of practices & principles
aimed at building, testing and
releasing software faster and more
frequently!
Continuous Delivery
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AGILE

23. LEAN
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24. @amrita_ux
Merchant
Scenario-Mobile App

25. Lean Startup Concepts
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LEAN
Lean Manufacturing: originated in Japan with Toyota
Production System
Lean is a set of tools that assist in identification &
elimination of waste. As waste is eliminated, quality
improves and cost is reduced.
Validated Learning – Business plans have a set of
assumptions which must be validated as early as
possible

26. Lean Startup Concepts
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LEAN
 Customer Development: Exercise you go through to find the
product-market fit
 Get out of the Building (GOOB) – Observe the users in real
environments
 Customer Archetype – based on the data gathered. You
need to validate your assumptions for this customer
 Value Hypothesis – Does the product/service deliver value to
customers
 Growth Hypothesis – Test how new customers will discover
the product/service

27. Lean Startup Concepts
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LEAN
Build
o Turn ideas into products
Measure
o Get feedback from users
Learn
o Learn if a pivot is needed
Build
Measure
Learn

28. Minimum Viable Product
(MVP)
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LEAN
Build
o Smallest version to test your hypothesis
o Requires least amount of effort and development time
o Lacks many features
o Prototyping plays an important role in building MVP
Measure
o Get feedback – most importantly – act on it!
Learn
o Learning Milestones

29. Minimum Viable Product
(MVP)
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LEAN
MVP Rule
o Remove any feature, process, or effort that does not contribute directly to the
learning you seek
Pivot
o Change in course/strategy
o Can lead to more significant growth
o Requires a lot of courage
Post MVP/CMVP
o Decision: Pivot or preserve!
When to Pivot?
o If hypothesis proven to be false, pivot now. Save effort, time and money

30. Concierge MVP
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LEAN
CMVP (Concierge Minimum Viable Product):
o MVP where you manually guide your user through the solution to
a problem
o Short term solution to help you learn how to solve a customers
problem
o Mainly used for invalidating company’s growth model
o Helps decide when pivot is needed
o Can happen even if initial MVP is successful
o E.g.: Manual delivery of coupons (before building software)

31. @amrita_ux
Q
How to decide which features to include in MVP?
(Mobile payment app?)

32. What features to add in MVP (mobile payment app)?
 Merchant App
o Accept Payments through smart phone
 Customer App
o Register
o Add Credit card
o Make Payment
Don’t worry about-
Transaction History (merchant app)
Social Media check-in (consumer app)
Etc.!
Back to Scenario
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33. How important is quality and design in an MVP?
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Q

34. Zappos (online shoe retailer)
o Founder Nick Swinmurn
o It is better to observe real customer behavior rather than ask
hypothetical questions
Date My Wardrobe (P2P wardrobe sharing service)
o Started with shoe share service idea
More Lean Examples
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35. LEAN
MVP
Fail quickly and cheaply on order to succeed
Build-Measure-Learn
Pivot
Don’t wait for the product to be built in order to learn
Observe the customer behavior rather than ask what they
want. Many times they may not know what they want
Lean Startup Recap
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36. LEAN UX - User Research
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36

37. Foundations of Lean UX
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LEANUX
LEAN UX
DESIGN
THINKING
AGILE
LEAN STARTUP
PRINCIPLES

38. Design Thinking
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LEANUX
“Design thinking is a discipline that uses the designer’s
sensibility and methods to match people’s needs with what is
technologically feasible and what a viable business strategy
can convert into customer value and market opportunity”
- Tim Brown (CEO, IDEO)
Take a “people first” approach, imagine desirable solutions
Ideation, prototyping, implementation and learning steps
Solution focused approach to problem solving

39. Lean Startup/Lean UX
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LEANUX
Build
Product
MeasureData
Learn
Ideas
Think
Make
Check
LEAN STARTUP + UX = LEAN UX
Eric Ries Build-Measure-Learn Feedback loop Think-Make-Check UX Cycle

40. Role of Prototyping in
Lean UX
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LEANUX
 “Lean UX is where Prototyping shines”
 - Jeff Gothelf (UX Designer and Author-Lean UX:
Applying Lean Principles to Improve User Experience)
 Allows the designer to build the product experience putting in
minimum amount of effort and iterate based on feedback.
 Choose the right tool for prototyping based on what is to be
learned from the MVP
Fidelity Tool
Paper Prototype Paper
Clickable Wireframes – Low OmniGraffle, MS Visio
Medium Axure RP, Adobe Illustrator
High Code

41. What are the similarities/differences between UCD (User
Centered Design) and LeanUX?
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Q

42. UCD/Lean UX
UCD
Learn from users
No Agile concepts
No Validating Hypothesis
No way to measure design
outcomes
LeanUX
Learn from users
+ Agile concepts
Validating Hypothesis
Measure design outcomes
LEANUX
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Lean UX = UCD + agile + lean

43. Lean UX/AgileLEANUX
@amrita_ux Lean UX is Agile
Cross Functional Teams
o Developers, designers, product owners work together
o Greater accountability + faster design process
Limited Documentation
o Enough to communicate the design
o Since requirements may change, easier to manage
documentation

44. Traditional/Agile/Lean
UX
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LEANUX

45. LEAN UX is Data Driven
Don’t assume that a new design/feature is better than what
came before
Test Everything
You can’t learn if you don’t measure!
Example – Facebook registration process
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LEANUX

46. LEANUX
Lean UX
o Look at a product as a set of hypothesis (rather than a set of
features)
o Lean UX is not about adding features. It is about
understanding customers problems and validating if you are
correct.
Validate
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IDEA DESIGN
PRODUC
T
Validate Validate

47. LEANUX
Landing Page Test – Have a landing page
• Signup button (e.g. to get an early signup)
o Tool: Launchrock
o Drive traffic using AdWords, Facebook Ads
Show people real product (or close!)
o User Interviews
User Research for
Validation
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48. LEANUX
When
o Great to understand detailed motivations towards a particular design
o Conversation needed (not finite answers)
o Environment independent
o A few users available
Structure
o Structured (closed questions), Unstructured (open-ended Q), Semi-structured
(mix of both)
Facilitator Tips
o Interact informally (to keep it comfortable)
o Observe the user
o Let the user think (silence is acceptable)
o Come back on track if user distracted
o Use mod guide (moderator’s guide) as a guide (not a rule)
o Restate when necessary
User Research -
Interviews
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49. LEANUX
What is important?
o Contradictory info to your research
o What frustrates the user
o Feedback on design and future ideas
Note: watch for body language
Remote?
o Acceptable if environment doesn't play a role
o Tool: Facetime, Skype, Hangouts, Webex
User interviews are a great way to incorporate user insights into
the product/service requirements
Interviews
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50. What
o Surveys for large amounts of data
o Can be administered online or offline
o Can be complex (based on how many results you get)
o Good way to observe trends
o Iterative - Good to get survey reviewed by someone
o It’s OK to pilot the survey with smaller set of users
When to use?
o Answers are finite (conversation not required)
o Large amounts of data needed
User Research - Surveys
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LEANUX

51. LEANUX
How?
o Write clearly, focus on data needed from users
o Whether MCQ format or free text responses are needed
Tools
o Web-based (Survey Monkey), emails, paper based
Format
o < 5 minutes, set expectations
o Include subject of survey, purpose and your contact information
o Better to have multiple surveys of smaller length than have one
long survey
Surveys
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52. LEANUX
What?
o Study of a person or a group through OBSERVATION
o Information is recorded from different vantage points
o Minimal or no interaction, focus on observation. Can have follow-
up interaction
When?
o Complex domain
o Study the real environment
Look for?
o Terminology (new), frustrations, inefficiencies, challenges
User Research -
Ethnography
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53. LEANUX
If your product/service doesn’t have any competitors, go do more
research!
 Competitor Testing
o Run a usability test for a competitor product/service (alone or with
your product)
o You are not fixing their mistakes. Make sure you don’t make them.
 Landing Page Goal – To convert visitors to users
o A/B test – to see which landing page is doing best
o fivesecondtest.com – To get feedback on your landing page.
 Focus on Branding, Messaging & Call To Action
 Never give a guided tour to the user during testing (e.g. while
showing a prototype)
User Research
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54. Lean UX Recap
Lean UX
o Lean UX is about validating hypothesis
o Lean UX is User Centered
o Lean UX is Agile
o Lean UX is Data Driven – Think of Metrics
o Lean UX fast and cheap (sometimes) –Think of Waste
o Lean UX is Iterative (always) – Think of MVP
User Research
o Interviews
o Surveys
o Ethnography
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LEANUX

55. LEANUX NYC 2013LEANUX
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 “There are no best practices for Lean UX. We are dealing with unknown unknowns.
The land of innovation -Will Evans (Director-
UX, TLCLabs)
 Don’t listen to users, instead watch their behavior
- Tomer Sharon (Author, “It’s Our Research”, Sr. UX
Researcher, Google)
 Your user is a person. Treat them like one! (Use natural language)
-Bill Beard – Creative Director of Copy (TheLadders)
 Designers are expected to be perfect all the time. And agile doesn’t work that way.
Designers must adopt a sustainable pace (instead of coping with Agile)
- Jonathan Berger -
Designer/Developer (Pivotal Labs)
 Nothing kills a new idea faster than common sense
- Luke Williams (Exec Director, Berkley Center for Entrepreneurship
and Innovation)
 Good UX = Good Business

56. @amrita_ux
Agile/Le
an/Lean
UX Q’s?

57. AMRITA AVIYENTE
Founder/CEO, UX Strategy & Design Lead
Date My Wardrobe
Thank You!
Email: amrita@datemywardrobe.com
Twitter: @amrita_ux
Website: www.amritaaviyente.com
www.datemywardrobe.com