Language And Prescriptive Grammar
•Download as PPT, PDF•
15 likes•12,746 views
The document discusses language and prescriptive grammar. It argues that language is an innate human ability, not something with rigid rules. While some think languages like Latin or English should follow strict rules, the document notes that languages evolve naturally and no language is inherently "right" or "wrong." Prescriptive grammar rules often come from trying to make languages like English conform to Latin, when they are very different types of languages.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Universal grammar
This document discusses Universal Grammar (UG) and its role in second language acquisition. UG proposes that the human brain is hardwired with innate, universal principles of grammar. It suggests that children learn the rules of their native language quickly because their brain contains a Language Acquisition Device that allows them to map the principles of UG onto the parameters of the specific language. The document outlines the history and key concepts of UG, including poverty of stimulus, constraints on learning, and universal developmental patterns. It also discusses related concepts like principles and parameters, and Chomsky's Minimalist Program. Researchers have studied whether and how second language learners may access the principles of UG.
Theories in Language and Culture
If you happen to like this powerpoint, you may contact me at flippedchannel@gmail.com
I offer some educational services like:
-powerpoint presentation maker
-grammarian
-content creator
-layout designer
Subscribe to our online platforms:
FlippED Channel (Youtube)
http://bit.ly/FlippEDChannel
LET in the NET (facebook)
http://bit.ly/LETndNET
Language and social class
This document discusses language and social class. It examines accents, dialects, and how factors like education, income, occupation and wealth determine social class. It describes William Labov's study of pronunciation of /r/ in department stores of different social classes. Labov found higher rates of /r/ pronunciation among upper-class customers and salespeople compared to middle and lower classes. The document concludes that language variation often reflects a speaker's social class, with lower classes using non-standard dialects and upper classes using standard dialects.
The nature of language slideshare.net
The document discusses three key views of the nature of language: structural, communicative, and interactional. It also covers definitions of learning, theories of language learning including process-oriented and condition-oriented theories, and differences between approaches, methods, and techniques in language teaching. The structural view sees language as a system of related elements, while the communicative view sees it as a vehicle for expression of meaning. The interactional view regards language as a tool for social interaction.
Transformational-Generative Grammar
1. The document discusses Transformational Generative Grammar, which is a theory of grammar developed by Noam Chomsky that uses transformations to relate deep and surface structures of sentences.
2. It defines key concepts of transformational grammar like deep structure, surface structure, and transformations. Deep structure is the underlying form of a sentence before rules are applied, and surface structure is the final spoken/heard form.
3. Examples of transformations provided include passive, extraposition, and various focusing transformations like end-focus that place important information at the end of sentences.
Descriptive vs prescriptive
Descriptive grammar describes how a language is actually used by its speakers without making judgments about correctness, observing patterns in usage. Prescriptive grammar prescribes how the language should be used according to established rules, distinguishing between right and wrong usage. Examples provided illustrate descriptive grammar explaining subject/object pronoun usage and prescriptive rules prohibiting ending sentences with prepositions and use of contractions like "ain't".
Introduction to linguistics ppt
This document provides an introduction to the study of linguistics. It defines language as a system of symbols used for communication that is learned through cultural transmission rather than instinct. Experts define language as a human method of communicating ideas through a voluntary system of symbols. Key characteristics of human language include interchangeability, productivity, and cultural transmission. Linguistics is the scientific study of language, including areas like phonetics, phonology, morphology, and syntax.
Language Planning and Policy
Language planning and policy aim to address issues that newly independent post-colonial states face regarding their multi-ethnic populations and national identity, including what languages to adopt officially. After independence, Algeria's leaders followed a nationalist model and decided to promote Arabic through Arabization policies to help unify the country under their regime. Arabization imposed Arabic in administration, education, and public sector work to standardize the country's language and culture. It was a process that elevated Arabic from a foreign language to the national language of Algeria.
Recommended
Universal grammar
This document discusses Universal Grammar (UG) and its role in second language acquisition. UG proposes that the human brain is hardwired with innate, universal principles of grammar. It suggests that children learn the rules of their native language quickly because their brain contains a Language Acquisition Device that allows them to map the principles of UG onto the parameters of the specific language. The document outlines the history and key concepts of UG, including poverty of stimulus, constraints on learning, and universal developmental patterns. It also discusses related concepts like principles and parameters, and Chomsky's Minimalist Program. Researchers have studied whether and how second language learners may access the principles of UG.
Theories in Language and Culture
If you happen to like this powerpoint, you may contact me at flippedchannel@gmail.com
I offer some educational services like:
-powerpoint presentation maker
-grammarian
-content creator
-layout designer
Subscribe to our online platforms:
FlippED Channel (Youtube)
http://bit.ly/FlippEDChannel
LET in the NET (facebook)
http://bit.ly/LETndNET
Language and social class
This document discusses language and social class. It examines accents, dialects, and how factors like education, income, occupation and wealth determine social class. It describes William Labov's study of pronunciation of /r/ in department stores of different social classes. Labov found higher rates of /r/ pronunciation among upper-class customers and salespeople compared to middle and lower classes. The document concludes that language variation often reflects a speaker's social class, with lower classes using non-standard dialects and upper classes using standard dialects.
The nature of language slideshare.net
The document discusses three key views of the nature of language: structural, communicative, and interactional. It also covers definitions of learning, theories of language learning including process-oriented and condition-oriented theories, and differences between approaches, methods, and techniques in language teaching. The structural view sees language as a system of related elements, while the communicative view sees it as a vehicle for expression of meaning. The interactional view regards language as a tool for social interaction.
Transformational-Generative Grammar
1. The document discusses Transformational Generative Grammar, which is a theory of grammar developed by Noam Chomsky that uses transformations to relate deep and surface structures of sentences.
2. It defines key concepts of transformational grammar like deep structure, surface structure, and transformations. Deep structure is the underlying form of a sentence before rules are applied, and surface structure is the final spoken/heard form.
3. Examples of transformations provided include passive, extraposition, and various focusing transformations like end-focus that place important information at the end of sentences.
Descriptive vs prescriptive
Descriptive grammar describes how a language is actually used by its speakers without making judgments about correctness, observing patterns in usage. Prescriptive grammar prescribes how the language should be used according to established rules, distinguishing between right and wrong usage. Examples provided illustrate descriptive grammar explaining subject/object pronoun usage and prescriptive rules prohibiting ending sentences with prepositions and use of contractions like "ain't".
Introduction to linguistics ppt
This document provides an introduction to the study of linguistics. It defines language as a system of symbols used for communication that is learned through cultural transmission rather than instinct. Experts define language as a human method of communicating ideas through a voluntary system of symbols. Key characteristics of human language include interchangeability, productivity, and cultural transmission. Linguistics is the scientific study of language, including areas like phonetics, phonology, morphology, and syntax.
Language Planning and Policy
Language planning and policy aim to address issues that newly independent post-colonial states face regarding their multi-ethnic populations and national identity, including what languages to adopt officially. After independence, Algeria's leaders followed a nationalist model and decided to promote Arabic through Arabization policies to help unify the country under their regime. Arabization imposed Arabic in administration, education, and public sector work to standardize the country's language and culture. It was a process that elevated Arabic from a foreign language to the national language of Algeria.
Code Switching
Code switching refers to alternating between two or more languages or language varieties in conversation. It occurs when speakers switch between languages to quote someone, give emphasis, or establish group membership. There are general rules that govern when and where code switching can occur within sentences based on matching grammar points between languages or determining the dominant language frame. While code switching demonstrates language proficiency, some communities view frequent code switching negatively.
Transformational Generative Grammar
Transformational generative grammar is a theory of language developed by Noam Chomsky that uses rules called transformations to relate the deep structure and surface structure of sentences. The deep structure represents the core semantic relations, while the surface structure follows phonological form. Transformations map the deep structure onto the surface structure. There are different types of transformations like subject-verb inversion and subject-operator inversion. Transformational generative grammar analyzes language syntactically and semantically and can result in paraphrases or resolve ambiguities.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Communicative Language Teaching is the cornerstone for approaches that have shifted from a grammar-based language view to a functional view of language where communication is the main objective. Such approaches are CBI (Content-based instruction) and TBI (Task-based instruction). Today, both CBI and TBI are the leading approaches most teachers are currently using to teach a second/foreign language around the world. Both approaches have been proven to be effective, and the most important thing is that students are truly learning to use language to communicate their ideas to different audiences.
Types of syllabus design
Product Syllabus : product syllabuses are those in which the focus is on the knowledge and skills which learners should gain as a result of instruction.
4.2. process syllabuses are those which focus on the learning experiences themselves.
. Synthetic syllabus: segment the target language into discrete linguistic items.
Different parts of language are taught separately.
4.4 . Analytic Syllabi: focus on the learner and his needs and on the kinds of linguistic
performance necessary to achieve those goals .
4.5. Type A: This type deals with what should be learned in a second language classroom.
4.6. Type B : Consider the question of how a second language should be learned.
Language Policy
National language policies aim to favor or discourage particular languages. While countries historically promoted a single official language, many now protect minority languages threatened with extinction. Half of the world's 6000+ languages may disappear this century due to factors like population size and economic status. Policy approaches include assimilation, non-intervention, legal protections for multiple languages, and official/unofficial bilingualism or multilingualism. Language policy and politics influence issues like official status, education, identity promotion, and more.
Presentation on Code Switching
Code-switching is one of the phenomenon of language which occurs in societies to make the communication more effective and meaningful. But it has also some negative impacts.
Here, we have tried to present all things based on English and Bengali language.
Language planning
This document discusses language planning, which involves creating policies to direct or change language use. It defines language planning as attempts to modify a language's status or internal condition. The document outlines reasons for language planning like maintaining linguistic identities. It also describes the key concepts of status planning, which changes a language's function and rights, and corpus planning, which develops a language. Finally, it discusses four common ideologies and the four stages of language planning: selection, codification, modernization, and implementation.
Language Planning and Language Policy
Language Planning and Language Policy, 4 Stages of Language Planning (Haugen, 1966): 1. Selection 2. Codification 3. Implementation 4. Elaboration
nature VS nurture
This document discusses theories of language acquisition in children. It explores the debate between innate vs learned language abilities. There are two main schools of thought - nativists propose language learning is innate while empiricists believe it is entirely learned through environment and experience. The document also examines theories such as behaviorism, constructivism, and information processing models of how children develop language skills over time through listening, practicing, and constructing their own understanding of language rules.
SOCIAL DIALECT
Definition....differences...Factors....how does language vary....kinds of social dialect....sociolect in England and Bangladesh..... importance of social class in social dialect.....
World Englishes
This presentation discusses World Englishes and its emergence and development over time. It defines World Englishes as localized varieties of English that have developed in territories influenced by Britain. The presentation outlines different models of World Englishes, including Kachru's three-circle model classifying varieties based on their status. It also discusses debates around issues like errors versus differences in indigenous Englishes and the influence of languages and cultures on emerging Englishes. The presentation concludes by considering the future of World Englishes in terms of multilingualism, multiculturalism and linguistic human rights.
Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
The document discusses first language acquisition and second language acquisition. It defines a first language as the language learned from birth or in early childhood. It notes that a person can have more than one first language. Second language acquisition refers to learning additional languages after the first one. Key aspects of second language acquisition discussed include the target language being learned, as well as linguistic, psychological, and social frameworks for studying the process of second language acquisition.
Bilingualism & Multilingualism
Source:
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (5th Ed). Malden,MA: Blackwell
Language, society and culture
This document discusses sociolinguistics and the relationship between language and society. It explains that speech communities share linguistic norms and expectations, and that language varies based on social factors like class, education, age, gender, ethnicity, and style/register. Variations include social dialects, over and covert prestige, as well as differences in formal and informal registers depending on the context and audience.
Transformational Grammar by: Noam Chomsky
This document discusses transformational grammar and Noam Chomsky's theories of language. It covers key concepts in transformational grammar like deep structure and surface structure. It also discusses Chomsky's view that humans have an innate, universal grammar that allows children to learn language based on limited input. The document contrasts linguistic competence vs performance and describes minimalism as aiming for economy of derivation and representation in grammatical theories.
Chomsky’s Universal Grammar
This document discusses Universal Grammar and Chomsky's theory of language acquisition. It defines Universal Grammar as the idea that the ability to learn grammar is innate. The theory proposes that all human languages share certain properties. Chomsky argued that the human brain contains a limited set of rules, or Universal Grammar, that provide the common structural basis for all languages. The document also outlines three hypotheses for how language evolved and discusses criticisms of Universal Grammar, including that it has no coherent formulation and conflicts with principles of biological evolution.
Introduction to sosiolinguistics
This document provides an introduction to sociolinguistics. It discusses how sociolinguistics examines the relationship between language and society, exploring how social factors influence language use and how language variations exist between social groups. Some key topics covered include the differences between micro and macrolinguistics, sociolinguistics versus the sociology of language, social factors that determine language choice like participants and setting, and social dimensions of language like solidarity scales. The conclusion emphasizes that sociolinguistics research how language is used in a community and how social relationships and contexts influence linguistic variation and choices in vocabulary, sounds, words and grammar.
Introduction to linguistics
This document provides an introduction to the field of linguistics. It defines linguistics as the scientific study of language and notes that it has two main purposes: to study the nature of language and establish linguistic theories, and to examine how language is organized and the functions it serves. The document distinguishes linguistics from traditional grammar, noting that linguistics descriptively studies actual language use rather than prescribing rules. It also outlines the micro and macro areas of linguistics study, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and others. Finally, it discusses how the study of linguistics benefits students of language, teachers of foreign language, and researchers
Language and identity[1]
The document discusses the relationship between language and identity. It explains that identity is multifaceted and expressed through factors like accent, vocabulary, and naming practices. How people address each other and what pronouns they use can indicate social relationships and group membership. Language use helps people both construct their own identities and categorize others as belonging to certain social groups or not. Identity involves complex interactions between individual, social, and political identities shaped by language.
Sociolinguistics
This document discusses the field of sociolinguistics. It begins by defining sociolinguistics as the study of the relationship between language and society. The main areas studied in sociolinguistics are then outlined, including language varieties according to social class, region, and occupation. Additional topics covered are language contact between pidgins and creoles, language maintenance and shift, the causes and social aspects of language change, and approaches to language planning. In conclusion, sociolinguistics analyzes language use in real social contexts and considers language to be a social and cultural phenomenon.
Prescriptivism vs Descriptivism
This document discusses the differences between prescriptivism and descriptivism in IP translations and which approach is best. Prescriptivism emphasizes strict grammar rules while descriptivism is more fluid. Using only prescriptivism can increase costs and time on translations. A balance of both approaches is ideal, with prescriptivism for accurate language and descriptivism to convey meaning when strict grammar is not required to save resources. The best translation services can balance these approaches and manage the entire IP application process.
Allophone presentation
This document discusses phonology and the relationship between phonemes and allophones. It defines phonemes as the smallest units of sound that distinguish meaning, while allophones are predictable variants of phonemes that are conditioned by their context. Phonemes group sets of similar-sounding allophones. For example, [p] and [ph] in English are allophones of the same /p/ phoneme because they occur in complementary distribution and can be substituted without changing a word's meaning. Allophones are phonetic realizations of phonemes that follow language-specific rules.
More Related Content
What's hot
Code Switching
Code switching refers to alternating between two or more languages or language varieties in conversation. It occurs when speakers switch between languages to quote someone, give emphasis, or establish group membership. There are general rules that govern when and where code switching can occur within sentences based on matching grammar points between languages or determining the dominant language frame. While code switching demonstrates language proficiency, some communities view frequent code switching negatively.
Transformational Generative Grammar
Transformational generative grammar is a theory of language developed by Noam Chomsky that uses rules called transformations to relate the deep structure and surface structure of sentences. The deep structure represents the core semantic relations, while the surface structure follows phonological form. Transformations map the deep structure onto the surface structure. There are different types of transformations like subject-verb inversion and subject-operator inversion. Transformational generative grammar analyzes language syntactically and semantically and can result in paraphrases or resolve ambiguities.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)
Communicative Language Teaching is the cornerstone for approaches that have shifted from a grammar-based language view to a functional view of language where communication is the main objective. Such approaches are CBI (Content-based instruction) and TBI (Task-based instruction). Today, both CBI and TBI are the leading approaches most teachers are currently using to teach a second/foreign language around the world. Both approaches have been proven to be effective, and the most important thing is that students are truly learning to use language to communicate their ideas to different audiences.
Types of syllabus design
Product Syllabus : product syllabuses are those in which the focus is on the knowledge and skills which learners should gain as a result of instruction.
4.2. process syllabuses are those which focus on the learning experiences themselves.
. Synthetic syllabus: segment the target language into discrete linguistic items.
Different parts of language are taught separately.
4.4 . Analytic Syllabi: focus on the learner and his needs and on the kinds of linguistic
performance necessary to achieve those goals .
4.5. Type A: This type deals with what should be learned in a second language classroom.
4.6. Type B : Consider the question of how a second language should be learned.
Language Policy
National language policies aim to favor or discourage particular languages. While countries historically promoted a single official language, many now protect minority languages threatened with extinction. Half of the world's 6000+ languages may disappear this century due to factors like population size and economic status. Policy approaches include assimilation, non-intervention, legal protections for multiple languages, and official/unofficial bilingualism or multilingualism. Language policy and politics influence issues like official status, education, identity promotion, and more.
Presentation on Code Switching
Code-switching is one of the phenomenon of language which occurs in societies to make the communication more effective and meaningful. But it has also some negative impacts.
Here, we have tried to present all things based on English and Bengali language.
Language planning
This document discusses language planning, which involves creating policies to direct or change language use. It defines language planning as attempts to modify a language's status or internal condition. The document outlines reasons for language planning like maintaining linguistic identities. It also describes the key concepts of status planning, which changes a language's function and rights, and corpus planning, which develops a language. Finally, it discusses four common ideologies and the four stages of language planning: selection, codification, modernization, and implementation.
Language Planning and Language Policy
Language Planning and Language Policy, 4 Stages of Language Planning (Haugen, 1966): 1. Selection 2. Codification 3. Implementation 4. Elaboration
nature VS nurture
This document discusses theories of language acquisition in children. It explores the debate between innate vs learned language abilities. There are two main schools of thought - nativists propose language learning is innate while empiricists believe it is entirely learned through environment and experience. The document also examines theories such as behaviorism, constructivism, and information processing models of how children develop language skills over time through listening, practicing, and constructing their own understanding of language rules.
SOCIAL DIALECT
Definition....differences...Factors....how does language vary....kinds of social dialect....sociolect in England and Bangladesh..... importance of social class in social dialect.....
World Englishes
This presentation discusses World Englishes and its emergence and development over time. It defines World Englishes as localized varieties of English that have developed in territories influenced by Britain. The presentation outlines different models of World Englishes, including Kachru's three-circle model classifying varieties based on their status. It also discusses debates around issues like errors versus differences in indigenous Englishes and the influence of languages and cultures on emerging Englishes. The presentation concludes by considering the future of World Englishes in terms of multilingualism, multiculturalism and linguistic human rights.
Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
The document discusses first language acquisition and second language acquisition. It defines a first language as the language learned from birth or in early childhood. It notes that a person can have more than one first language. Second language acquisition refers to learning additional languages after the first one. Key aspects of second language acquisition discussed include the target language being learned, as well as linguistic, psychological, and social frameworks for studying the process of second language acquisition.
Bilingualism & Multilingualism
Source:
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (5th Ed). Malden,MA: Blackwell
Language, society and culture
This document discusses sociolinguistics and the relationship between language and society. It explains that speech communities share linguistic norms and expectations, and that language varies based on social factors like class, education, age, gender, ethnicity, and style/register. Variations include social dialects, over and covert prestige, as well as differences in formal and informal registers depending on the context and audience.
Transformational Grammar by: Noam Chomsky
This document discusses transformational grammar and Noam Chomsky's theories of language. It covers key concepts in transformational grammar like deep structure and surface structure. It also discusses Chomsky's view that humans have an innate, universal grammar that allows children to learn language based on limited input. The document contrasts linguistic competence vs performance and describes minimalism as aiming for economy of derivation and representation in grammatical theories.
Chomsky’s Universal Grammar
This document discusses Universal Grammar and Chomsky's theory of language acquisition. It defines Universal Grammar as the idea that the ability to learn grammar is innate. The theory proposes that all human languages share certain properties. Chomsky argued that the human brain contains a limited set of rules, or Universal Grammar, that provide the common structural basis for all languages. The document also outlines three hypotheses for how language evolved and discusses criticisms of Universal Grammar, including that it has no coherent formulation and conflicts with principles of biological evolution.
Introduction to sosiolinguistics
This document provides an introduction to sociolinguistics. It discusses how sociolinguistics examines the relationship between language and society, exploring how social factors influence language use and how language variations exist between social groups. Some key topics covered include the differences between micro and macrolinguistics, sociolinguistics versus the sociology of language, social factors that determine language choice like participants and setting, and social dimensions of language like solidarity scales. The conclusion emphasizes that sociolinguistics research how language is used in a community and how social relationships and contexts influence linguistic variation and choices in vocabulary, sounds, words and grammar.
Introduction to linguistics
This document provides an introduction to the field of linguistics. It defines linguistics as the scientific study of language and notes that it has two main purposes: to study the nature of language and establish linguistic theories, and to examine how language is organized and the functions it serves. The document distinguishes linguistics from traditional grammar, noting that linguistics descriptively studies actual language use rather than prescribing rules. It also outlines the micro and macro areas of linguistics study, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and others. Finally, it discusses how the study of linguistics benefits students of language, teachers of foreign language, and researchers
Language and identity[1]
The document discusses the relationship between language and identity. It explains that identity is multifaceted and expressed through factors like accent, vocabulary, and naming practices. How people address each other and what pronouns they use can indicate social relationships and group membership. Language use helps people both construct their own identities and categorize others as belonging to certain social groups or not. Identity involves complex interactions between individual, social, and political identities shaped by language.
Sociolinguistics
This document discusses the field of sociolinguistics. It begins by defining sociolinguistics as the study of the relationship between language and society. The main areas studied in sociolinguistics are then outlined, including language varieties according to social class, region, and occupation. Additional topics covered are language contact between pidgins and creoles, language maintenance and shift, the causes and social aspects of language change, and approaches to language planning. In conclusion, sociolinguistics analyzes language use in real social contexts and considers language to be a social and cultural phenomenon.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Prescriptivism vs Descriptivism
This document discusses the differences between prescriptivism and descriptivism in IP translations and which approach is best. Prescriptivism emphasizes strict grammar rules while descriptivism is more fluid. Using only prescriptivism can increase costs and time on translations. A balance of both approaches is ideal, with prescriptivism for accurate language and descriptivism to convey meaning when strict grammar is not required to save resources. The best translation services can balance these approaches and manage the entire IP application process.
Allophone presentation
This document discusses phonology and the relationship between phonemes and allophones. It defines phonemes as the smallest units of sound that distinguish meaning, while allophones are predictable variants of phonemes that are conditioned by their context. Phonemes group sets of similar-sounding allophones. For example, [p] and [ph] in English are allophones of the same /p/ phoneme because they occur in complementary distribution and can be substituted without changing a word's meaning. Allophones are phonetic realizations of phonemes that follow language-specific rules.
Descriptive vs
Descriptive grammar observes and describes how language is actually used by speakers without making judgments, while prescriptive grammar prescribes rules for what is considered correct or incorrect usage. Descriptive grammar focuses on patterns in language, whereas prescriptive grammar establishes rules for syntax, word structures, and usage. Both are concerned with rules, but descriptive grammar describes patterns observed in linguistic studies, and prescriptive grammar aims to lay out authoritative rules for language use.
Grammar II-2014 prescriptive vs Descriptive Grammar
This document discusses the difference between prescriptive grammar and descriptive grammar. Prescriptive grammar establishes rules of "good" and "bad" usage, dictating what constitutes proper grammar. However, prescriptive rules are not based on how language is actually used by native speakers. Descriptive grammar objectively studies the linguistic knowledge and patterns used by native speakers, regardless of social perceptions of standardness. The document argues that linguistics should be concerned with descriptive grammar alone and that prescriptive rules have no scientific basis.
Syntax by George Yule
This document provides an overview of syntax and generative grammar. It defines syntax as the study of how words are arranged to show meaning within and between sentences. Grammar is defined as the art of writing, but is now used to study language. Generative grammar uses formal rules to generate an infinite number of grammatical sentences in a language. Deep structure refers to the underlying meaning and surface structure refers to the observable form. Tree diagrams are used to visually represent syntactic structures. Movement rules are needed to account for transformations between deep and surface structures. Recursion allows sentences to be embedded within other sentences.
Grammar
Grammar can be defined as the systematic study and description of language. It involves the study of syntax, morphology, phonology, semantics and pragmatics. Noam Chomsky was one of the most influential linguists of the 20th century who was interested in grammaticality and how humans use a finite set of structures and rules to produce an infinite number of grammatically correct sentences. According to Chomsky, humans are born with an innate language acquisition device and universal grammar that helps children learn the rules of their native language.
The allomorphs
This document defines allomorphs as different forms of the same morpheme that can vary in pronunciation or spelling. It provides examples of allomorphs in English, such as the plural morpheme 's' having forms like /s/, /z/, and /iz/, and the past tense morpheme 'ed' having forms like /t/, /d/, and /id/. The document also describes types of allomorphs including additive, replacive, suppletive, and zero allomorphs. Additive allomorphs add different sounds like '-ed', replacive allomorphs replace sounds, and suppletive allomorphs completely replace the word form.
Allophone
This document discusses allophones and provides several examples. It begins by defining that allophones are variations of phonemes that are conditioned by phonological rules. Phonemes can have multiple allophones that are in complementary distribution. The document then provides three examples of allophonic variations in English phonology: 1) Aspiration of plosives /p, t, k/ in initial vs. medial/final positions, 2) Clear vs. dark /l/, and 3) Variations of /s/ in plural forms. It continues explaining other English allophonic processes like aspiration, nasal plosion, devoicing, vowel changes, and retraction. The key difference between phonemes and allophones is that phone
Allomorphs - Dr. Shadia Yousef Banjar
This document discusses allomorphs, which are different phonological forms of a single morpheme. It provides examples of morphemes with multiple allomorphs conditioned by their phonetic environment, such as the past tense morpheme {-d} having allomorphs /-d/, /-t/, /-əd/. The document also discusses types of allomorphs like additive, replacive, and suppletive allomorphs. Formulas are presented to represent morphemes and their allomorphs, noting tildes for phonological alternation and infinity signs for morphological alternation. Exercises are provided to have the reader identify allomorphs and explain their conditioning.
Allophone and phoneme. persentation
Phonemes are the basic sound units of a language. Each phoneme comprises a set of allophones, which are the phonetic variants of that phoneme. Allophones are predictable realizations of a phoneme that depend on the linguistic environment, whereas phonemes are non-predictable and significant for meaning. Different languages can organize the same sounds differently - for example, English has aspirated and unaspirated /p/ phonemes, while Mandarin treats these as different phonemes. The distribution and organization of phonemes versus their allophonic variants distinguishes languages.
Viewers also liked (10)
Grammar II-2014 prescriptive vs Descriptive Grammar
Grammar II-2014 prescriptive vs Descriptive Grammar
Similar to Language And Prescriptive Grammar
Laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaing 390 Intro.ppt
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
Intro slides
This document provides an overview of the introductory linguistics course "LCD 101: Intro to Language". It defines linguistics as the scientific study of human language, explores what language is and how humans acquire it. The document also distinguishes linguistics from other language-related fields and examines some of the core concepts in linguistics like language units, rules, and universal grammar.
1 Feral Children Presentation
The document discusses feral children, who live in isolation without exposure to human language and behavior from a young age. It describes different types of feral children and several notable cases throughout history. It analyzes their ability to acquire language after being rescued from isolation, providing support for the critical period hypothesis that natural language acquisition is only possible during a limited developmental window in early childhood.
Feral Children Presentation
The document discusses feral children and language acquisition. It defines feral children as humans who have lived in isolation from a young age and are unaware of human behavior and language. It describes three cases of feral children, including Victor of Aveyron and Genie, and notes their varying abilities to learn language after being rescued from isolation. The document also discusses debates around nature vs nurture influences on language and questions regarding the origins and development of human language abilities.
The Psychology of Language Chapter 3
The document discusses several theories about the origins and nature of human language:
1) Language likely evolved gradually over millions of years as the human brain increased in size and complexity. The FOXP2 gene is associated with language abilities.
2) While animals communicate to some degree, no animal system meets all the criteria of human language such as recursion and displacement.
3) Different theories propose that language abilities are localized in the brain, develop during a critical period, require certain cognitive abilities, and emerge from social interactions.
The relationship between language and thought is complex and interdependent. While language likely has some indirect effects on cognition, it does not determine thought.
Bio Basis Of Language
The document discusses theories around how and why humans acquire language. It describes two main perspectives:
1) Nativism argues that humans have an innate language module or bioprogram that allows them to learn or create language based on input.
2) Empiricism argues that language becomes more complex as it is used in more communicative situations, requiring the encoding of more differences.
The document also discusses pidgins and creoles, critical period effects in language acquisition, and proposes a teleonomic approach to explain language development as a series of complementary advances rather than a single goal.
Linguistics
There is evidence that certain linguistic properties are universal across all human languages. Early scholars like Alsted and Kilwardby were interested in discovering a general grammar that described rules common to all languages. More recently, Noam Chomsky and other linguists have proposed that humans possess an innate, biologically-determined "universal grammar" that allows children to easily acquire any language they are exposed to. Sign languages provide clear evidence for linguistic universals, as deaf children learning sign languages progress through the same stages of acquisition as hearing children learning spoken languages, demonstrating the human capacity for language is not dependent on vocalization. The study of language universals continues to be an important area of linguistic research.
Introduction_to_Language_and_Linguistics.pptx
This document provides an overview of an introductory linguistics course being offered at Boğaziçi University in summer 2019. It introduces the instructor, Dr. Konstantinos Sampanis, and provides information about grading, required readings, and an outline of course topics. The course will cover the main subfields of linguistics including morphology, syntax, semantics, phonetics, phonology, and linguistic typology. Students will be evaluated based on class participation, assignments, a midterm exam, and a final exam. Readings will be taken from the textbook "An Introduction to Language" and additional materials will be made available online.
How Languages WorkAn Introduction to Language and LinguisticsSecond Ed.docx
How Languages Work An Introduction to Language and Linguistics
Second Edition
Edited by CAROL GENETTI
Carol Genetti4
1.1 Language 1.1.1 Language and You; Language and Us
Language is an essential and ubiquitous component of our lives. To see that this statement is true for yourself, take a moment to think about your day. Cast your mind back to when you first awoke. What were your thoughts and how were they expressed?
Trace the day in your mind and try to count how many people you spoke with, even if it was just a quick “hi†or “thank you.†Did you listen to a lecture? Watch television? Talk on the phone? Make an appointment? Sing a song? All of these activities centrally involve language. Now think about what you read today. Perhaps a newspaper, pages on the Internet, email, advertisements, labels, signs, home- work assignments? Now move on to thought itself. What thoughts and ideas have passed through your mind? Have you made explicit plans, imagined conversations, debated with yourself? If you are like most people, this brief exer- cise has revealed that language is both within and around you, a constant part of your internal and external existence. Language is the primary medium which you use to interact with people and institutions in our society. Your particular use of language is also a reflection of who you are as an individual; all of us use language as a means to build and portray our identities in the world around us. We also use language to shape and interpret the great and small experi- ences of our lives.
Think about the broader world in which we live. Language is the principal means by which societies are constructed and cultures are developed. Think of the size of our soci- ety’s great libraries, and how the majority of the volumes in those vast collections (14.6 million volumes in the Harvard University Library alone) are language in its written form. The intellectual achievements of humankind are essentially embodied in language. Not only is this true of the written works that formally encapsulate our knowledge, but it is also true of the huge body of indigenous knowledge held by the speakers of thousands of languages across the globe, from the Brazilian Amazon to the Mongolian steppes. Some may argue that music and art are non-linguistic, but note that they often incorporate lan- guage, as with lyrics. Even works that do not contain language are interpreted and under- stood through verbal thought, discussion, and critical analysis. Similarly, mathematics could be argued to be non-linguistic, but again language is used to teach, understand, and interpret it.
Beyond the modern world, consider that language has been used by humans for at least 30,000 years, by thousands of groups across the globe, wherever humans have ven- tured. Speakers of each generation endow their language with their own unique mark, their own contribution, changing it in myriad subtle ways. As language passes from
SIDEBAR 1.1 You can find definit.
Linguistics.pptx
1. Linguistics Definition
linguistics is the scientific study of language or the study of human language.
2. What linguistics is not
Linguistics is not about learning as many languages as you can;
there are many linguists who can only speak one or two languages.
There isn't a requirement to learn multiple languages.
Now that’s out of the way, let’s reply to the question of “What is Linguistics?”
3. what is linguistics?
Linguistics aims to understand how the language faculty of the mind works and to describe how language itself works.
Linguists observe patterns within a language and across languages to try to understand what principles drive our brains’ comprehension and production of language.
4. Language System
A language-system is a social Phenomenon, or institution, which is abstract in that it has no physical existence, but which is actualized on particular occasions in the language-behavior of individual members of the language-community.
5. Linguistics Fields
Linguistics spans a large number of subfields, each dealing with a different part of the language faculty.
Phonetics: the study of the acoustics and sounds of languages.
Phonology: the study of sound systems and how they pattern.
Syntax: the study of sentence structure.
Semantics: the study of meaning and formalizing it into a logical form.
5. Psycholinguistics: the study of how language manifests in the brain.
Psycholinguists carry out experiments to observe the reaction of the brain’s different areas to different stimuli, and they’ll try to relate the findings to the more abstract linguistic theories.
6. Sociolinguistics: the study of the complex relationship between language and society.
Sociolinguists might look at attitudes toward different linguistic features and its relation to class, race, sex, etc.
7. Computational linguistics - the study of applying computer science to linguistics.
Computational linguists might use programming to model linguistic structure or change or for practical applications.
8. Historical linguistics: the study of how languages change across time
Historical linguists may work in language specific areas, carrying out what is called reconstruction.
9. Applied linguistics: the study of applying linguistics to real-life situations.
An applied linguistic will likely work in fields such as such as language education, translation, or language policy
10. Macrolinguistics: concerned with everything that pertains in any way at all to language and languages.
11. Pragmatics: is the study of the speaker meaning (i.e. what the speaker intends to say).
It is considered as the “wastebasket”, which means everything that you cannot be understood classified within pragmatics.
7. Design Features of Human Language
Arbitrariness: there is often a recognizable link between the actual signs and the message an animals wishes to convey.
In human language, the reverse is true. In the great majority of cases, there is no link between the signal and the message.
Class 06 emerson_phonetics_fall2014_intro_to_linguistics_clinical_phx
This document provides an overview of a phonetics class. It discusses the course structure, which is divided into broad transcription, articulation, and narrow transcription. It then covers linguistics concepts like phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Key areas of linguistics are defined, such as language form, meaning, and context. Examples are provided to illustrate phonological rules, morphological processes, syntactic structures, semantic ambiguity and pragmatic context dependence.
Hum1 podcast-week8-f11-language-online
The document discusses several key aspects of language and linguistics, including:
1. It defines language as a complex biological tool used by humans to communicate through organized systems of symbols and rules.
2. It examines some key design features of human language, including duality of patterning, displacement, open-endedness, stimulus-freedom, and arbitrariness.
3. It discusses differences between human and animal communication, focusing on the human vocal tract and genes like FOXP2 that enable the complexities of human speech.
Language acquisition
The document provides information on best practices for teaching English vocabulary to language learners. It discusses that vocabulary should be taught using visualization and connecting to prior knowledge. Visualization involves creating a mental picture for a word to associate it, mirroring how children first learn language. Prior knowledge is also important, as it allows students to connect new vocabulary to concepts they already understand. Tier two words that appear frequently across contexts are recommended for instruction over specialized tier three words. Oral acquisition of vocabulary before written words is emphasized, as listening comprehension develops prior to speech. Pronunciation is key to retaining word meanings and using words actively.
Madede
This document summarizes several theories of language acquisition in children. It discusses the debate between nature and nurture influences on language development. Key points include: children's receptive language develops before expressive language; behaviorists believe language is learned through conditioning while Chomsky argues for an innate language acquisition device; bilingual children develop language normally. Theories incorporate both innate capacities and environmental influences in language learning.
What is language
Here are some attempts to teach grammar to Eliza Doolittle from Pygmalion:
- Professor Higgins worked to correct Eliza's Cockney pronunciation and teach her to speak with Received Pronunciation. He had her practice vowel and consonant sounds.
- Vocabulary words were taught, from basic nouns and verbs to more advanced words. Eliza was drilled on definitions and proper usage.
- Sentence structure was modeled for Eliza, who was corrected when she made mistakes in word order or grammar. Complex sentences were broken down.
- Articles ("a", "an", "the") and plurals were focuses of lessons to improve Eliza's mastery of basic grammar rules.
Language & Communication
Language and communication can be studied from several perspectives. Language evolved from early hominid calls and gestures and allows humans to communicate about things not present. Nonverbal communication conveys meaning through signs, body language and gestures which vary across cultures. The structure of language includes phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon. Sociolinguistics examines how social factors influence language variation and use. Historical linguistics studies how languages have changed over long periods of time.
Language & Communication
A group presentation for our ANT101 class regarding Language & Communication using a Linguistic Anthropological approach.
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
This document summarizes key topics related to first (L1) and second (L2) language acquisition. It discusses:
1) The brain areas involved in language processing like Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
2) Children acquire their L1 through innate language abilities and interaction, while adults learn L2 through conscious study relying more on explicit memory.
3) Being bilingual has many definitions but involves proficiency in two languages to varying degrees, and has cognitive advantages over monolingualism.
The Importance Of Language In English Language
The document discusses the importance of linguistics in the author's education and career goals. It explains that the author's individually designed major in linguistics reflects their interest in the overarching influence of language in human culture. Core linguistics courses have emphasized the history, development, perception of language, and development of foreign language skills. Studying topics like the history of the English language and bilingual education help prepare the author for discussion and investigation of language and future career in linguistics.
Lin101 introduction to linguistics
LIN101 introduces students to the field of linguistics. The course is taught by Dr. Russell Rodrigo and aims to define linguistics, identify its scopes, examine language and linguistic concepts, and analyze language learning and acquisition. Students will be assessed through participation, discussions, assignments, and a presentation to demonstrate their understanding of course topics like syntax, morphology, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics.
Similar to Language And Prescriptive Grammar (20)
Laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaing 390 Intro.ppt
Laaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaing 390 Intro.ppt
How Languages WorkAn Introduction to Language and LinguisticsSecond Ed.docx
How Languages WorkAn Introduction to Language and LinguisticsSecond Ed.docx
Class 06 emerson_phonetics_fall2014_intro_to_linguistics_clinical_phx
Class 06 emerson_phonetics_fall2014_intro_to_linguistics_clinical_phx
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
Overview on Psycholinguistics: Universidad Santo Tomás
More from Rick McKinnon
Morality as kluge
The document summarizes Daniel Kelly's work on moral intuition and disgust. [1] Kelly argues that disgust is a "kludge" - a hodgepodge of mechanisms cobbled together from bits of mental machinery designed for other purposes. [2] Specifically, he puts forward the "Entanglement Thesis" that disgust emerged from the merging of a poison avoidance system and parasite avoidance system. [3] He also discusses the "Co-Optation Thesis" where disgust was later co-opted by the norm system and ethnic boundary system important for human sociality.
Endangered languages
This document discusses endangered languages and provides examples of languages that are extinct or nearing extinction. It notes that many of the world's smallest languages are disappearing, with estimates that half of the world's approximately 6,000 languages could be extinct within 100 years. Examples are provided of some of the last speakers of languages like Kayardild, Aka-Bo, and various Great Andamanese languages. Factors that endanger languages are discussed, including assimilation, lack of transmission to younger generations, and globalization. Responses to language endangerment include documentation efforts and revitalization programs for languages like Chitimacha and Navajo.
Historical linguistics
The document discusses how languages change over time through natural processes. It notes that after 1,000 years, languages diverge to the point of no longer being mutually intelligible, and after 10,000 years the relationship becomes indistinguishable from unrelated languages. The rate of change varies, but systematic sound changes and borrowing are the main drivers of divergence. The comparative method is used to reconstruct ancestral languages and classify languages into families based on regular sound correspondences.
Somerville
1) Finding a shared ethical framework in our interdependent and pluralistic world is crucial for our survival, not optional.
2) We must use all aspects of human understanding, including science, stories, imagination and moral intuition, to develop a shared sense of ethics.
3) Starting with a shared respect for nature and the innate human moral sense can help build the foundations for a global ethical system focused on our common humanity.
Meme
The document discusses memes as conceptualized by Richard Dawkins as units of cultural transmission or imitation that replicate and evolve through social learning in a similar way that genes replicate and evolve biologically. Key points include:
- Memes include ideas, beliefs, fashion trends, and other cultural phenomena that spread from person to person via imitation.
- Memes operate through natural selection and compete to spread more successfully through populations like genes.
- Religion and religious beliefs can be understood as particularly successful memes that confer advantages to aid their replication such as faith-based thinking and linking altruism to religious affiliation.
The trolley problem
The document discusses four variations of the classic "Trolley Problem" moral dilemma. In each scenario, the reader must make a choice that will directly lead to someone's death or multiple someones' deaths. While the numbers seem to indicate the same utilitarian outcome each time, people's moral instincts tend to view pushing someone in front of a trolley as less permissible than flipping a switch to change the trolley's path. The document questions why our views differ on these cases that have similar utilitarian calculations.
Challengesto piaget
The document discusses different perspectives on cognitive development in infants and children, including Piaget's theory of constructivism, nativism, and domain specificity. It summarizes experimental methods used to study development, such as habituation studies and preferential looking tasks. Key findings are presented showing infants have innate knowledge of objects, including principles of continuity, cohesion and contact.
Endangered languages
The document discusses the threat facing endangered languages around the world. It estimates that as many as half of the approximately 6,000 languages currently spoken may become extinct by the end of the 21st century. Several factors are contributing to this decline, including nation-state building processes, universal education, and the spread of dominant languages like English, French, Spanish, and Arabic. While documentation of endangered languages is important, long-term preservation requires communities where the language is spoken and transmitted between generations.
Parameter setting
The document discusses Universal Grammar and the Principles and Parameters approach to language acquisition. It explains that children are born with innate linguistic knowledge called Universal Grammar that contains principles of language and parameters that can vary between languages. Children use UG to set the parameters of their native language based on the linguistic input they receive, allowing them to acquire language despite the "poverty of the stimulus" in the data.
Sugarand slavery
The document discusses the history and development of sugar production and its connection to slavery. It traces the evolution of sugar cultivation from ancient times through its introduction in Europe via the Crusades. The large-scale plantation system originated in Brazil and spread through the colonization of the Caribbean and Americas. Plantations were labor-intensive and relied heavily on African slaves, who were forcibly transported in large numbers. The slave trade generated significant wealth but also involved immense human suffering. The plantation economy collapsed in the 1800s due to abolitionism, competition from sugar beets, and inefficiencies of the slave system.
Concepts and categories.ppt
1) Concepts are represented in different ways including prototypes, exemplars, and schemas. Prototypes represent concepts as central tendencies while exemplars represent individual category members.
2) The basic level of categorization, such as chair or dog, provides the optimal balance between predictive power and accuracy. It is also the earliest learned and most natural level of naming.
3) Exemplar models better explain categorization data by accounting for variability and typicality effects compared to prototype models which lose information about individual exemplars.
Early language development
This document discusses early language development in infants and children. It covers prelinguistic communication through babbling, gestures, and pointing that occurs before children start using words. It then examines phonological, lexical, and semantic development as children's vocabularies grow. Some key points discussed include: infants producing prelinguistic vocalizations and gestures between 8-12 months; a noun bias in children's early words across languages; challenges to the noun bias from studies of other languages; and constraints that help children map words to meanings as their vocabularies develop.
Phonetics
The document discusses phonetics and the creation of speech sounds. It explains that speech sounds are created when air from the lungs passes through the vocal tract. The positions of the articulators like the vocal folds, tongue, and lips modify the air to create different speech sounds. It also discusses the source-filter model of speech production and the anatomy of structures involved like the larynx and vocal folds.
Qm for ic
This document provides an introduction to the Quality Matters program and course review rubric. It discusses factors that affect course quality and explains that QM reviews focus on ensuring alignment between course objectives, activities, resources, assessments and technology. The rubric contains 8 general standards and key sections that must be aligned. For a course to meet quality expectations through QM review, it must score a yes on 17 essential standards and earn a minimum of 72 out of 85 total points.
Mindreading
This document provides an overview of theory of mind, including its history, development in children, and relationship to autism. It discusses key findings such as:
- Premack and Woodruff's experiment showing chimpanzees can attribute mental states to humans
- Wimmer and Perner's false belief task showing children develop theory of mind around age 4
- Baron-Cohen's theory that autism involves impairments in the shared attention mechanism module of theory of mind
- Debate around nativist vs. cognitive vs. social interactionist perspectives on the development of theory of mind.
Semantics
Semantics is the study of meaning in language. A semantic theory aims to characterize a speaker's linguistic knowledge, including word meanings, compositional sentence meanings, and how context influences interpretation. However, developing such a theory poses challenges such as avoiding circular definitions, distinguishing linguistic from encyclopedic knowledge, and accounting for individual and contextual variation in meaning. Theories utilize a semantic metalanguage and concepts to characterize core meanings independently of language. They also distinguish semantics from pragmatics, where contextual implications are considered.
Semantics and pragmatics
The document discusses key concepts in pragmatics including context, inference, implicature, speech acts, and Grice's cooperative principle. Context guides pragmatic meaning and inference beyond literal semantics. Speech acts are social actions performed through language that depend on felicity conditions. Grice proposed conversational maxims of quality, quantity, relation, and manner to describe cooperative frameworks underlying conversations. Speakers can flout maxims to generate implicatures for purposes like sarcasm or diplomacy.
Hockett
Charles Hockett identifies 16 design features of human language including vocal production, rapid fading of signals, interchangeability of roles between speakers, ability to perceive and correct errors, biologically trivial signals, semanticity or reference to objects in the world, arbitrariness of signals, discreteness of parts, ability to refer to things not present, productivity or ability to create novel utterances, cultural transmission through learning, duality of patterning, ability to communicate about communication, and learnability of new languages. He analyzes communication systems in other species like bees, monkeys, apes and whales against these design features and finds they lack several features like displacement, productivity and duality of patterning that are central to human language.
E learning buffet
The document discusses eLearning resources available at a community college including a live webinar platform, communication tools, and lecture capture solution. It notes that 183 course sections were offered online or in hybrid format in Fall 2010. Training is available in small groups by appointment on tools like ANGEL, Elluminate, Tegrity, blogs, and wikis. An eLearning handbook provides information on adopting eLearning formats, available tools, course design, and resources.
More from Rick McKinnon (20)
Recently uploaded
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024
DeFi represents a paradigm shift in the financial industry. Instead of relying on traditional, centralized institutions like banks, DeFi leverages blockchain technology to create a decentralized network of financial services. This means that financial transactions can occur directly between parties, without intermediaries, using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum.
In 2024, we are witnessing an explosion of new DeFi projects and protocols, each pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in finance.
In summary, DeFi in 2024 is not just a trend; it’s a revolution that democratizes finance, enhances security and transparency, and fosters continuous innovation. As we proceed through this presentation, we'll explore the various components and services of DeFi in detail, shedding light on how they are transforming the financial landscape.
At Intelisync, we specialize in providing comprehensive DeFi development services tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. From smart contract development to dApp creation and security audits, we ensure that your DeFi project is built with innovation, security, and scalability in mind. Trust Intelisync to guide you through the intricate landscape of decentralized finance and unlock the full potential of blockchain technology.
Ready to take your DeFi project to the next level? Partner with Intelisync for expert DeFi development services today!
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
AWS Cloud Cost Optimization Presentation.pptx
This presentation provides valuable insights into effective cost-saving techniques on AWS. Learn how to optimize your AWS resources by rightsizing, increasing elasticity, picking the right storage class, and choosing the best pricing model. Additionally, discover essential governance mechanisms to ensure continuous cost efficiency. Whether you are new to AWS or an experienced user, this presentation provides clear and practical tips to help you reduce your cloud costs and get the most out of your budget.
Finale of the Year: Apply for Next One!
Presentation for the event called "Finale of the Year: Apply for Next One!" organized by GDSC PJATK
Recently uploaded (20)
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Operating System Used by Users in day-to-day life.pptx
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptx
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providers
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...
Overcoming the PLG Trap: Lessons from Canva's Head of Sales & Head of EMEA Da...
Overcoming the PLG Trap: Lessons from Canva's Head of Sales & Head of EMEA Da...
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024
A Comprehensive Guide to DeFi Development Services in 2024
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracy
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and Milvus
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success Story
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdf
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERP
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Nordic Marketo Engage User Group_June 13_ 2024.pptx
Language And Prescriptive Grammar
- 1. Language and Prescriptive Grammar A different way to think about language
- 2. For many people, talking about traditional grammar can be stressful. Yikes!
- 5. Language is Used for Exchanging Ideas Idea Message decoded Message Transmitted Message received
- 15. What does a Theory of Echolocation Look Like?
- 41. Dialects in the U.S.