Language planning and policy aim to address issues that newly independent post-colonial states face regarding their multi-ethnic populations and national identity, including what languages to adopt officially. After independence, Algeria's leaders followed a nationalist model and decided to promote Arabic through Arabization policies to help unify the country under their regime. Arabization imposed Arabic in administration, education, and public sector work to standardize the country's language and culture. It was a process that elevated Arabic from a foreign language to the national language of Algeria.

3. History of language Planning and
Policy
• Language planning and policy was
revitalized again mostly after the
newly independent states, in the
post-colonial era, needed to
reconstruct their identity (including
language) in a context of multi-
ethno-linguistic diverse populace.

4. For exemple:
• After Algeria got its independence, its leaders
decide to follow a nationalistic model of
nation-building.
• This model aims at making most community
members alike. Sharing the same behaviours,
thought patterns and certainly the same
language.

5. Why LPP?
Language planning and policy come to solve
many problems and conflicts in these states:
• Such as the multilingual geographical spread
that may cause miscommunication between
people of the same nation
• Which language (s) is/are going to be
selected and standardized as the official
language (s) of these states.

6. Definitions
• Language planning: all conscious
(deliberate efforts) that aim at changing the
linguistic behaviour (function, structure, or
acquisition) of a certain speech community.
This planning is often associated with
government planning, yet it can be done by
NGO or individuals...

7. • Language Policy:
A language policy is designed to favour or
discourage the use of particular language or
set of languages.
It is done by the government officially
through legislations and policies.

8. Such as: what Algeria did lately,
promoting Tamazight as the second official
language in the constitution, after it was only
a national language.

9. Language Planning Principles:
1. Assimilation:
This principle states that every person within
society should be fluent in that society’s
dominant language.
For example: In the USA, the “Only-English
Movement” maintains that everyone in the US
should speak English well, regardless of their
first language.

11. Though, the United States
never had a legislation that
explicitly declares that English is
the official language, yet it is the
language used in education,
official setting... etc

12. 2. Linguistic Pluralism
It is the opposite of assimilation.
This principle teaches that it is better to have
multiple languages within society.
For example:
Switzerland with French, German, Italian and
Romansh (all as official languages)
Singapore have English, Malay, Tamil and
Chinese as official languages

13. 3. Vernacularization
It is a principle that wants to restore a native
language into a commonly spoken language.
For example: Jews from around the world
gathered in the so-called “Israel” and revived
the Hebrew language with success!

14. 4. Internationalization
• This principle promotes adopting a non-
indigenous language in order to communicate
easily with other nations.
• English now is considered to be global
language, and is taught world wide.

15. Stages of Language Planning:
1.Selection: it refers to the
choice of a language variety
to fulfill certain functions in a
given society.

16. 2. Codification
• The creation of a linguistic standard or norm
for a selected linguistic code. It is divided up
into three stages:
1) Graphization – developing a writing system.
2) Grammaticalization – deciding on
rules/norms of grammar
3) Lexicalization – identifying the vocabulary

17. 3. Implementation
• Promoting the previous stages
(selection, codification) by making
society more exposed to this
language by:
The production of books,
newspapers, education,
administration... etc

18. 4. Elaboration
The stylistic development of a
codified language to meet the
communicative demands of
modern life and technology

19. Levels of Language Planning:
1. Status Planning:
• Refers to the social and political position a
language will be assigned
• This level is done by the government officials
• It includes the “selection” and the
“implementation” stages

20. For example:
In Quebec, Canada, politicians
have raised the status of
French by ordering that signs
must give French more
prominence.

22. 2. Corpus Planning
• Refers to changes or standardization of certain
elements of the language.
E.g. Lexicon, orthography...
This level includes “codification” and
“elaboration”
And it is done by sociolinguist (linguists in
general)

23. 3. Acquisition Planning
It is usually done by government officials or
private organizations that control
textbooks and dictionaries... Etc
For example: Irish officials ordered that Irish
Gaelic must be taught/ used at least one hour
of school every day.

24. Arabization in Algeria
• Arabization is a language policy that was
adopted by The Algerian authorities after
independence.
• It is a way for The Algerian political
leaders to unify the nation under the
Totalitarian regime of the one party.

25. • Houari Bomedian who was the real
leader of the Arabization movement.
• He imposed severe laws that promotes
the use of Arabic in the administration,
education, official issues... Etc
• He even enacted a policy that obliges
everyone who wishes to work in the
public sector to pass an exam in the
Arabic language ‫العربية‬ ‫اللغة‬ ‫إجادة‬ ‫اختبار‬) ).

26. Stages of Arabization in Algeria
• Arabic, from a foreign language to a
national language
• The Arab-Tamazight linguistic conflict
• Lamin Zaroual and the reconsideration of
Tamazight as an axe of the National
identity
• The current linguistic situation of Algeria

27. Simpson, J. (2011). The Routledge handbook of applied
linguistics. Milton Park, Abingdon: Routledge.
BENRABAH, M. (2004). LANGUAGE AND POLITICS IN ALGERIA.
Nationalism And Ethnic Politics, 10(1), 59-78.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537110490450773
Wikipedia,. (2016). Language policy. Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_policy
Aljazeera.net, 2016
U.S Library of Congress, (2016). Algeria - Arabization. Countrystudies.us.
Retrieved from http://countrystudies.us/algeria/53.htm
wiseGEEK,. (2016). What Is Language Planning? (with picture).
From http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-language-planning.htm

28. Questions are welcomed!