Otosclerosis
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Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth occurs in the middle ear, usually affecting both ears. This causes the stapes bone to become fixed, preventing sound vibrations from being transmitted effectively and resulting in conductive hearing loss. It is classified based on histological and clinical presentations. Diagnosis involves tests like audiometry and imaging. Treatment options range from hearing aids for mild cases to stapedectomy surgery to restore hearing by replacing or drilling the stapes bone.
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Meniere’s disease
Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. It was first described by Prosper Meniere in 1861. The cause is unknown but risk factors include metabolic, toxic, allergic, emotional, and circulatory disorders. Symptoms include vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, fullness, nausea, increased heart rate, and sweating. Diagnosis involves history, exams of the ear, and tests like audiograms and ENG. Treatment aims to control vertigo and tinnitus and preserve hearing using medications, diet changes, exercises, and sometimes surgery. Complications include permanent hearing or balance issues, anxiety, dehydration
Meniere's disease
Meniere's disease is a balance disorder caused by abnormal fluid balance in the inner ear. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss. The cause is unknown but may involve excess fluid accumulation in the inner ear. Treatment involves managing symptoms with medication and a low-sodium diet. If conservative measures fail, surgical procedures like endolymphatic sac decompression or vestibular nerve sectioning can be performed to eliminate vertigo attacks.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth occurs on the stapes in the middle ear, causing it to become fixed and preventing sound vibration transmission. This results in conductive hearing loss. It usually affects both ears and causes progressive hearing loss. It has two classifications - histological (found postmortem) and clinical (three subtypes based on location). The exact cause is unknown but heredity is a factor. Symptoms include hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, and vertigo. Diagnostic tests include audiometry and imaging. Treatment options include hearing aids and surgery like stapedectomy or stapedotomy to restore hearing. Complications can include infection, dizziness, or deafness
Tympanic membrane perforation
This document discusses tympanic membrane perforation, which is a rupture of the eardrum. It can be caused by ear infections, trauma, or foreign objects in the ear canal. Symptoms include ear pain, bleeding, hearing loss, and drainage from the ear. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear. Small perforations may heal on their own with antibiotics and pain medication, while larger perforations require surgery like myringoplasty or tympanoplasty to repair the eardrum. Post-operative care involves keeping the ear dry and avoiding heavy lifting or air pressure changes for a few weeks.
Deviated nasal septum
The document discusses deviated nasal septums, including the causes, types, clinical features, and treatment options. It describes how a deviated septum occurs when the nasal septum is shifted from the midline position, which can cause nasal obstruction and other issues. Surgical procedures like submucous resection and septoplasty are commonly used to correct deviated septums by removing the deflected parts of the bony and cartilaginous septum and repositioning nasal tissues.
Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity refers to ear poisoning caused by exposure to certain drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or auditory nerve. Common causes of ototoxicity include aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, anti-malarials, and some cancer drugs. Symptoms range from mild tinnitus to total hearing loss. Diagnosis involves evaluating a patient's history of ototoxin exposure and conducting tests like electrocochleography and electronystagmography. Management focuses on discontinuing the ototoxic drug, treating any hearing or balance problems, and limiting future use of ototoxic medications.
Mastoiditis
Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that can result from untreated or inadequately treated otitis media. It is classified as either acute or chronic mastoiditis. Acute mastoiditis develops as a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis occurs with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma formations. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling and tenderness in the mastoid region, fever, and otorrhea. Diagnosis involves tests like CT scans, ear cultures and audiograms. Treatment consists of antibiotics, analgesics, and may require surgical drainage of pus via procedures like mastoidectomy if infection spreads to
Otalgia
Otalgia refers to ear pain or ear ache, which can be primary (originating in the ear) or referred (originating elsewhere but felt in the ear). Primary causes include infections, wax buildup, trauma, and tumors of the outer ear canal, eardrum, middle ear bones, inner ear, and mastoid bone behind the ear. Referred otalgia can occur via cranial nerves from areas like the teeth, throat, larynx, neck, or due to conditions like shingles. Risk factors include inserting objects in the ear, swimming in polluted water, and respiratory infections. Treatment involves relieving pain, promoting healing, restoring function, and removing foreign bodies through irrigation, antibiotics, surgery
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Meniere’s disease
Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. It was first described by Prosper Meniere in 1861. The cause is unknown but risk factors include metabolic, toxic, allergic, emotional, and circulatory disorders. Symptoms include vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, fullness, nausea, increased heart rate, and sweating. Diagnosis involves history, exams of the ear, and tests like audiograms and ENG. Treatment aims to control vertigo and tinnitus and preserve hearing using medications, diet changes, exercises, and sometimes surgery. Complications include permanent hearing or balance issues, anxiety, dehydration
Meniere's disease
Meniere's disease is a balance disorder caused by abnormal fluid balance in the inner ear. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss. The cause is unknown but may involve excess fluid accumulation in the inner ear. Treatment involves managing symptoms with medication and a low-sodium diet. If conservative measures fail, surgical procedures like endolymphatic sac decompression or vestibular nerve sectioning can be performed to eliminate vertigo attacks.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth occurs on the stapes in the middle ear, causing it to become fixed and preventing sound vibration transmission. This results in conductive hearing loss. It usually affects both ears and causes progressive hearing loss. It has two classifications - histological (found postmortem) and clinical (three subtypes based on location). The exact cause is unknown but heredity is a factor. Symptoms include hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, and vertigo. Diagnostic tests include audiometry and imaging. Treatment options include hearing aids and surgery like stapedectomy or stapedotomy to restore hearing. Complications can include infection, dizziness, or deafness
Tympanic membrane perforation
This document discusses tympanic membrane perforation, which is a rupture of the eardrum. It can be caused by ear infections, trauma, or foreign objects in the ear canal. Symptoms include ear pain, bleeding, hearing loss, and drainage from the ear. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear. Small perforations may heal on their own with antibiotics and pain medication, while larger perforations require surgery like myringoplasty or tympanoplasty to repair the eardrum. Post-operative care involves keeping the ear dry and avoiding heavy lifting or air pressure changes for a few weeks.
Deviated nasal septum
The document discusses deviated nasal septums, including the causes, types, clinical features, and treatment options. It describes how a deviated septum occurs when the nasal septum is shifted from the midline position, which can cause nasal obstruction and other issues. Surgical procedures like submucous resection and septoplasty are commonly used to correct deviated septums by removing the deflected parts of the bony and cartilaginous septum and repositioning nasal tissues.
Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity refers to ear poisoning caused by exposure to certain drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or auditory nerve. Common causes of ototoxicity include aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, anti-malarials, and some cancer drugs. Symptoms range from mild tinnitus to total hearing loss. Diagnosis involves evaluating a patient's history of ototoxin exposure and conducting tests like electrocochleography and electronystagmography. Management focuses on discontinuing the ototoxic drug, treating any hearing or balance problems, and limiting future use of ototoxic medications.
Mastoiditis
Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that can result from untreated or inadequately treated otitis media. It is classified as either acute or chronic mastoiditis. Acute mastoiditis develops as a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis occurs with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma formations. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling and tenderness in the mastoid region, fever, and otorrhea. Diagnosis involves tests like CT scans, ear cultures and audiograms. Treatment consists of antibiotics, analgesics, and may require surgical drainage of pus via procedures like mastoidectomy if infection spreads to
Otalgia
Otalgia refers to ear pain or ear ache, which can be primary (originating in the ear) or referred (originating elsewhere but felt in the ear). Primary causes include infections, wax buildup, trauma, and tumors of the outer ear canal, eardrum, middle ear bones, inner ear, and mastoid bone behind the ear. Referred otalgia can occur via cranial nerves from areas like the teeth, throat, larynx, neck, or due to conditions like shingles. Risk factors include inserting objects in the ear, swimming in polluted water, and respiratory infections. Treatment involves relieving pain, promoting healing, restoring function, and removing foreign bodies through irrigation, antibiotics, surgery
Otitis media
1. Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear that can involve surrounding areas. It is commonly seen in children and caused by infections that spread from nearby areas like the throat.
2. The condition progresses through stages from initial congestion to collection of fluid/pus in the middle ear. Without treatment, the ear drum may rupture, allowing drainage of pus from the ear.
3. Treatment involves antibiotics and drainage procedures. Chronic or recurring cases may require surgery to repair damaged tissues and prevent complications like infection of the mastoid bone behind the ear.
Labrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is an inflammation or infection of the inner ear labyrinth that can be caused by viral or bacterial pathogens. It leads to symptoms like vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and nausea. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical examination, and audiogram. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms like vertigo and nausea with medications. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections while antiviral drugs may be used for viral causes. Nursing care aims to help the patient manage symptoms safely and prevent injury during acute vertigo attacks.
Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear caused by certain drugs or chemicals. Common ototoxic drugs include aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, cytotoxic agents, antiprotozoals, antiepileptics, and environmental chemicals. Symptoms of ototoxicity include hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance disorders and can be temporary or permanent depending on the offending agent. Diagnosis involves assessing a patient's exposure history and test results. While there are no treatments to reverse damage, management focuses on rehabilitation and avoiding further ototoxic exposure.
Deviated nasal septum
The document discusses deviated nasal septum, a common condition where the nasal septum is displaced from the midline. It can cause symptoms like nasal obstruction, headaches, and recurrent sinus infections. Diagnosis involves anterior and posterior rhinoscopy. Treatment is septoplasty to surgically correct the deviation. Post-operative nursing care involves administering antibiotics and analgesics for 5-8 days, removing nasal packs after 48 hours, using decongestants, applying ointments to loosen crusts, and advising the patient to avoid injury to the nose for 3 weeks during recovery.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a disease characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss. It is caused by bone remodeling that fixes the stapes bone, preventing sound vibration. Symptoms include progressive, asymmetric conductive hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness. Diagnosis involves audiogram and physical exam. Treatment options include hearing aids, sodium fluoride to arrest progression, and stapedectomy or stapedotomy surgery to restore hearing. Post-operative care involves rest and avoiding pressure changes or water entry into the ear during healing.
Impacted wax
This document discusses impacted ear wax. It defines impacted wax as an excess collection of thick ear wax. Symptoms of impacted wax include diminished hearing of sudden onset, discomfort without pain usually, and occasionally tinnitus. Treatment options include using ear drops containing ceruminolytics for 4-5 days before syringing or using a wax hook to remove it. Self-care options are using ear drops to soften wax or olive oil warmed on a spoon. Ear irrigation can help hearing for those with impacted wax if done at low pressure, but should be avoided if the eardrum is perforated or in cases of mastoid surgery, chronic ear disease, unilateral deafness, or recurrent ear infections/tinnitus
Otitis media
The document defines various diseases and conditions related to the ear, including otology, otitis media, tinnitus, and vertigo. It provides details on acute otitis media, chronic otitis media, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Evaluation and management of otitis media involves assessing symptoms, performing examinations of the ear, identifying causal factors, and using antibiotic treatments or surgical procedures as needed.
Peritonsillar abscess
This document discusses peritonsillar abscess, which is a collection of pus between the tonsillar capsule and surrounding tissues that can develop after a tonsillar infection progresses to a local cellulitis and abscess. Recurrent tonsillitis and foreign bodies can cause peritonsillar abscess. Symptoms include fever, pain when swallowing, dribbling saliva, inability to open the mouth, and tender swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves a physical exam and imaging tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, corticosteroids, throat irrigation, and occasionally procedures to manage an airway if obstruction occurs. Surgical options for management include needle aspiration, incision and drainage, or tonsillectomy. Comp
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear labyrinth that can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, drugs, head injuries, or other conditions. It produces vestibular symptoms like vertigo and nausea as well as hearing loss. The infection can spread from the meninges, middle ear, or bloodstream. Bacterial labyrinthitis has toxic or suppurative forms, with the latter invading the inner ear directly. Diagnosis involves a history of ear problems and dizziness as well as physical exams and tests. Treatment focuses on relieving vertigo and nausea with drugs while antibiotics target bacterial causes. Surgery may be needed in severe cases. Complications can include meningitis, permanent balance issues
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE PERFORATION ( TMP)
This document discusses tympanic membrane perforation, also known as a ruptured eardrum. It can be caused by direct force trauma to the ear such as from wax removal or skull fractures, or indirect force from barotrauma or increased violence/firearms. Infection of the middle ear from bacteria, viruses or fungi can also cause a perforation. Symptoms include ear pain, fullness, discharge from the ear, hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, otoscopic exam, and audiogram. Treatment involves antibiotics to prevent infection, keeping the ear canal clean, avoiding nose blowing or ear drops, and surgery if not healed after 3 months. S
Otitis externa
Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is an infection of the outer ear canal caused by bacteria or fungi. It commonly affects children ages 7-12 and the elderly. Symptoms include ear pain, itching, discharge and temporary hearing loss. Diagnosis is made through physical exam, microscopy and culture of discharge. Treatment focuses on removing debris, using antibiotic/antifungal ear drops, and dry ear precautions to prevent recurrence, especially in high-risk groups like diabetics who are prone to the more serious malignant otitis externa infection.
Sinusitis
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses caused most commonly by viral or bacterial infections. The four pairs of paranasal sinuses are the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses. Sinusitis can be classified based on location of the infected sinus or duration of symptoms. Acute sinusitis lasts less than 4 weeks while chronic sinusitis persists for over 12 weeks. Common symptoms include facial pain, headache, nasal congestion and discharge. Diagnosis involves medical history, examination, and imaging tests like CT scans. Treatment depends on severity and duration of symptoms but may include medications, sinus irrigation, or surgery.
Presbycusis
Ms. Elizabeth presented on age-related hearing loss (presbycusis). It is a common condition linked to aging where hearing is slowly lost in both ears, with about 30 out of 100 adults over 65 having some hearing loss. Causes include long-term noise exposure, aging, genetics, certain health conditions, medications, race, income level, infections, and smoking. Symptoms are difficulty hearing conversations, high pitches, or sounds that seem too loud. Diagnosis involves tests of the ear canal, eardrum, hearing levels, and middle ear function. Treatments include hearing aids, assistive devices, speech reading, cochlear implants, and middle ear implants. Nursing considerations are involving family, speaking slowly
Cancer of larynx
Cancer of the larynx can develop in three areas - the glottis, sub-glottis, or supra-glottis. Risk factors include smoking, alcoholism, and exposure to occupational hazards like asbestos or mustard gas. The cancer involves the squamous cells lining the larynx and can rapidly metastasize through abundant lymphatic vessels. Clinical manifestations depend on the location but may include voice changes, difficulty swallowing, breathing issues, neck masses, or coughing up blood. Diagnosis involves examinations of the larynx along with scans and biopsies. Treatment options include radiation therapy or surgical procedures like laser surgery, partial laryngectomy, or total laryngectomy, sometimes along with neck dis
Meniere's disease
meniere disease is the inner ear condition which affect the patient haring and balance this ppt can help the nurses to take care of the patient affected with this disease and can be used as a study material for their examination
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and nausea. It is often caused by a middle ear infection spreading to the inner ear. The inner ear contains semi-circular canals for balance and the cochlea for hearing. Labyrinthitis can be circumscribed, diffuse serous, or diffuse suppurative depending on the extent and presence of pus. Treatment involves antibiotics, antihistamines, or steroids depending on the cause. Surgery may be needed for complications like cholesteatoma.
Cancer of larynx
Cancer of the larynx is a malignant tumor of the voice box that is most commonly squamous cell carcinoma. It occurs more frequently in men ages 50-70 who smoke or drink alcohol. Treatment depends on the cancer's stage but may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Surgeries like laryngectomy remove part or all of the larynx and can permanently alter voice and breathing. Nursing care focuses on managing airway, communication, nutrition, and psychosocial issues during treatment and recovery.
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear that causes irreversible changes like perforation of the eardrum. It can cause deafness and is more common in low socioeconomic populations. CSOM is caused by past middle ear infections from diseases like measles or influenza. It exists in two types - tubo tympanic, which involves the lower middle ear, and attico antral, which affects the upper middle ear and mastoid bone. Treatment involves managing any infections, regular cleaning of the ear, antibiotic ear drops, surgery to repair the eardrum or remove cholesteatoma growths or polyps.
Mastoiditis
This document discusses mastoiditis, an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that is connected to the middle ear. It can be acute or chronic. Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis is associated with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling, discharge, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging tests, and fluid culture. Treatment includes antibiotics, ear irrigation, analgesics, and sometimes surgery like mastoidectomy, myringotomy, or tympanoplasty. Nursing care focuses on pain management, medication administration, and monitoring for infection.
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is caused by rupture of tiny blood vessels in the nasal cavity. It is common and can occur in any age group. Bleeding most often originates from an area in the front of the nose called Little's area. Epistaxis can be anterior, originating in the front part of the nose, or posterior, originating in the back part. Causes include local trauma, infections, medications, and systemic conditions like high blood pressure. Treatment depends on the location and severity of bleeding and may include pressure, cauterization, nasal packing, or medication. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, controlling bleeding, preventing anxiety, and providing discharge teaching to prevent future episodes.
Ear wax management
This document discusses conductive hearing loss caused by earwax impaction. It describes how earwax is normally produced in the ear canal and may accumulate if not removed. Common symptoms of earwax impaction include deafness, pain, tinnitus, and vertigo. Examination reveals black, brown, or dry wax in the ear canal obstructing the eardrum. Treatment involves removing the wax either through wet or dry methods. The wet method soaks the wax to soften it for removal by syringing warm water into the ear canal. The dry method uses tools like a wax hook or suction to extract hard wax. Proper removal of earwax helps restore hearing and prevent further blockage.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the bony labyrinth that causes one or more foci of irregularly laid spongy bone to replace the normally dense bone of the otic capsule. It most commonly involves the stapes region, leading to stapes fixation and conductive hearing loss. The exact cause is unknown but factors like heredity, race, age, and endocrine changes have been proposed. Stapedectomy or stapedotomy with prosthesis placement is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cases. Complications can include injury to surrounding structures like the facial nerve or chorda tympani during surgery.
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Otitis media
1. Otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear that can involve surrounding areas. It is commonly seen in children and caused by infections that spread from nearby areas like the throat.
2. The condition progresses through stages from initial congestion to collection of fluid/pus in the middle ear. Without treatment, the ear drum may rupture, allowing drainage of pus from the ear.
3. Treatment involves antibiotics and drainage procedures. Chronic or recurring cases may require surgery to repair damaged tissues and prevent complications like infection of the mastoid bone behind the ear.
Labrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is an inflammation or infection of the inner ear labyrinth that can be caused by viral or bacterial pathogens. It leads to symptoms like vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and nausea. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, physical examination, and audiogram. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms like vertigo and nausea with medications. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections while antiviral drugs may be used for viral causes. Nursing care aims to help the patient manage symptoms safely and prevent injury during acute vertigo attacks.
Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear caused by certain drugs or chemicals. Common ototoxic drugs include aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, cytotoxic agents, antiprotozoals, antiepileptics, and environmental chemicals. Symptoms of ototoxicity include hearing loss, tinnitus, and balance disorders and can be temporary or permanent depending on the offending agent. Diagnosis involves assessing a patient's exposure history and test results. While there are no treatments to reverse damage, management focuses on rehabilitation and avoiding further ototoxic exposure.
Deviated nasal septum
The document discusses deviated nasal septum, a common condition where the nasal septum is displaced from the midline. It can cause symptoms like nasal obstruction, headaches, and recurrent sinus infections. Diagnosis involves anterior and posterior rhinoscopy. Treatment is septoplasty to surgically correct the deviation. Post-operative nursing care involves administering antibiotics and analgesics for 5-8 days, removing nasal packs after 48 hours, using decongestants, applying ointments to loosen crusts, and advising the patient to avoid injury to the nose for 3 weeks during recovery.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a disease characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss. It is caused by bone remodeling that fixes the stapes bone, preventing sound vibration. Symptoms include progressive, asymmetric conductive hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness. Diagnosis involves audiogram and physical exam. Treatment options include hearing aids, sodium fluoride to arrest progression, and stapedectomy or stapedotomy surgery to restore hearing. Post-operative care involves rest and avoiding pressure changes or water entry into the ear during healing.
Impacted wax
This document discusses impacted ear wax. It defines impacted wax as an excess collection of thick ear wax. Symptoms of impacted wax include diminished hearing of sudden onset, discomfort without pain usually, and occasionally tinnitus. Treatment options include using ear drops containing ceruminolytics for 4-5 days before syringing or using a wax hook to remove it. Self-care options are using ear drops to soften wax or olive oil warmed on a spoon. Ear irrigation can help hearing for those with impacted wax if done at low pressure, but should be avoided if the eardrum is perforated or in cases of mastoid surgery, chronic ear disease, unilateral deafness, or recurrent ear infections/tinnitus
Otitis media
The document defines various diseases and conditions related to the ear, including otology, otitis media, tinnitus, and vertigo. It provides details on acute otitis media, chronic otitis media, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Evaluation and management of otitis media involves assessing symptoms, performing examinations of the ear, identifying causal factors, and using antibiotic treatments or surgical procedures as needed.
Peritonsillar abscess
This document discusses peritonsillar abscess, which is a collection of pus between the tonsillar capsule and surrounding tissues that can develop after a tonsillar infection progresses to a local cellulitis and abscess. Recurrent tonsillitis and foreign bodies can cause peritonsillar abscess. Symptoms include fever, pain when swallowing, dribbling saliva, inability to open the mouth, and tender swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves a physical exam and imaging tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, corticosteroids, throat irrigation, and occasionally procedures to manage an airway if obstruction occurs. Surgical options for management include needle aspiration, incision and drainage, or tonsillectomy. Comp
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear labyrinth that can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, drugs, head injuries, or other conditions. It produces vestibular symptoms like vertigo and nausea as well as hearing loss. The infection can spread from the meninges, middle ear, or bloodstream. Bacterial labyrinthitis has toxic or suppurative forms, with the latter invading the inner ear directly. Diagnosis involves a history of ear problems and dizziness as well as physical exams and tests. Treatment focuses on relieving vertigo and nausea with drugs while antibiotics target bacterial causes. Surgery may be needed in severe cases. Complications can include meningitis, permanent balance issues
TYMPANIC MEMBRANE PERFORATION ( TMP)
This document discusses tympanic membrane perforation, also known as a ruptured eardrum. It can be caused by direct force trauma to the ear such as from wax removal or skull fractures, or indirect force from barotrauma or increased violence/firearms. Infection of the middle ear from bacteria, viruses or fungi can also cause a perforation. Symptoms include ear pain, fullness, discharge from the ear, hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, otoscopic exam, and audiogram. Treatment involves antibiotics to prevent infection, keeping the ear canal clean, avoiding nose blowing or ear drops, and surgery if not healed after 3 months. S
Otitis externa
Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is an infection of the outer ear canal caused by bacteria or fungi. It commonly affects children ages 7-12 and the elderly. Symptoms include ear pain, itching, discharge and temporary hearing loss. Diagnosis is made through physical exam, microscopy and culture of discharge. Treatment focuses on removing debris, using antibiotic/antifungal ear drops, and dry ear precautions to prevent recurrence, especially in high-risk groups like diabetics who are prone to the more serious malignant otitis externa infection.
Sinusitis
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses caused most commonly by viral or bacterial infections. The four pairs of paranasal sinuses are the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary sinuses. Sinusitis can be classified based on location of the infected sinus or duration of symptoms. Acute sinusitis lasts less than 4 weeks while chronic sinusitis persists for over 12 weeks. Common symptoms include facial pain, headache, nasal congestion and discharge. Diagnosis involves medical history, examination, and imaging tests like CT scans. Treatment depends on severity and duration of symptoms but may include medications, sinus irrigation, or surgery.
Presbycusis
Ms. Elizabeth presented on age-related hearing loss (presbycusis). It is a common condition linked to aging where hearing is slowly lost in both ears, with about 30 out of 100 adults over 65 having some hearing loss. Causes include long-term noise exposure, aging, genetics, certain health conditions, medications, race, income level, infections, and smoking. Symptoms are difficulty hearing conversations, high pitches, or sounds that seem too loud. Diagnosis involves tests of the ear canal, eardrum, hearing levels, and middle ear function. Treatments include hearing aids, assistive devices, speech reading, cochlear implants, and middle ear implants. Nursing considerations are involving family, speaking slowly
Cancer of larynx
Cancer of the larynx can develop in three areas - the glottis, sub-glottis, or supra-glottis. Risk factors include smoking, alcoholism, and exposure to occupational hazards like asbestos or mustard gas. The cancer involves the squamous cells lining the larynx and can rapidly metastasize through abundant lymphatic vessels. Clinical manifestations depend on the location but may include voice changes, difficulty swallowing, breathing issues, neck masses, or coughing up blood. Diagnosis involves examinations of the larynx along with scans and biopsies. Treatment options include radiation therapy or surgical procedures like laser surgery, partial laryngectomy, or total laryngectomy, sometimes along with neck dis
Meniere's disease
meniere disease is the inner ear condition which affect the patient haring and balance this ppt can help the nurses to take care of the patient affected with this disease and can be used as a study material for their examination
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and nausea. It is often caused by a middle ear infection spreading to the inner ear. The inner ear contains semi-circular canals for balance and the cochlea for hearing. Labyrinthitis can be circumscribed, diffuse serous, or diffuse suppurative depending on the extent and presence of pus. Treatment involves antibiotics, antihistamines, or steroids depending on the cause. Surgery may be needed for complications like cholesteatoma.
Cancer of larynx
Cancer of the larynx is a malignant tumor of the voice box that is most commonly squamous cell carcinoma. It occurs more frequently in men ages 50-70 who smoke or drink alcohol. Treatment depends on the cancer's stage but may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Surgeries like laryngectomy remove part or all of the larynx and can permanently alter voice and breathing. Nursing care focuses on managing airway, communication, nutrition, and psychosocial issues during treatment and recovery.
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear that causes irreversible changes like perforation of the eardrum. It can cause deafness and is more common in low socioeconomic populations. CSOM is caused by past middle ear infections from diseases like measles or influenza. It exists in two types - tubo tympanic, which involves the lower middle ear, and attico antral, which affects the upper middle ear and mastoid bone. Treatment involves managing any infections, regular cleaning of the ear, antibiotic ear drops, surgery to repair the eardrum or remove cholesteatoma growths or polyps.
Mastoiditis
This document discusses mastoiditis, an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that is connected to the middle ear. It can be acute or chronic. Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis is associated with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling, discharge, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging tests, and fluid culture. Treatment includes antibiotics, ear irrigation, analgesics, and sometimes surgery like mastoidectomy, myringotomy, or tympanoplasty. Nursing care focuses on pain management, medication administration, and monitoring for infection.
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is caused by rupture of tiny blood vessels in the nasal cavity. It is common and can occur in any age group. Bleeding most often originates from an area in the front of the nose called Little's area. Epistaxis can be anterior, originating in the front part of the nose, or posterior, originating in the back part. Causes include local trauma, infections, medications, and systemic conditions like high blood pressure. Treatment depends on the location and severity of bleeding and may include pressure, cauterization, nasal packing, or medication. Nursing care focuses on monitoring vital signs, controlling bleeding, preventing anxiety, and providing discharge teaching to prevent future episodes.
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Ear wax management
This document discusses conductive hearing loss caused by earwax impaction. It describes how earwax is normally produced in the ear canal and may accumulate if not removed. Common symptoms of earwax impaction include deafness, pain, tinnitus, and vertigo. Examination reveals black, brown, or dry wax in the ear canal obstructing the eardrum. Treatment involves removing the wax either through wet or dry methods. The wet method soaks the wax to soften it for removal by syringing warm water into the ear canal. The dry method uses tools like a wax hook or suction to extract hard wax. Proper removal of earwax helps restore hearing and prevent further blockage.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the bony labyrinth that causes one or more foci of irregularly laid spongy bone to replace the normally dense bone of the otic capsule. It most commonly involves the stapes region, leading to stapes fixation and conductive hearing loss. The exact cause is unknown but factors like heredity, race, age, and endocrine changes have been proposed. Stapedectomy or stapedotomy with prosthesis placement is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cases. Complications can include injury to surrounding structures like the facial nerve or chorda tympani during surgery.
Otosclerosis
This document discusses otosclerosis, a disease characterized by abnormal bone remodeling in the otic capsule. It most commonly involves the stapes bone or oval window, resulting in conductive hearing loss. The exact cause is unknown but genetic and autoimmune factors are implicated. Diagnosis involves audiometry demonstrating a conductive hearing loss. Treatment options include hearing aids, medical management to slow progression, and surgical procedures like stapedotomy or stapedectomy to restore hearing.
4. otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a disease that causes fixation of the stapes bone in the middle ear, resulting in conductive hearing loss. It is caused by abnormal bone growth around the oval window or stapes footplate. Symptoms include progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and occasionally vertigo. Diagnosis is made through audiometric testing showing conductive hearing loss. Treatment options include medication with sodium fluoride, hearing aids, or stapes surgery to remove the stapes bone and replace it with a prosthesis, improving hearing. Complications of surgery can include facial nerve injury, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss.
Otosclerosis
The document discusses otosclerosis, a primary metabolic bone disease that results in fixation of the ossicles and conductive hearing loss. It provides a historical overview of otosclerosis and stapes surgery, details the epidemiology and pathophysiology of otosclerosis, and describes the diagnostic evaluation, medical and surgical management options for treating otosclerosis. The surgical procedure of stapedectomy and potential complications are also outlined.
Otosclerosis
La otosclerosis es una enfermedad ósea primaria que causa fijación de los huesecillos del oído medio, limitada al hueso temporal. Esto produce una hipoacusia conductiva o mixta progresiva. Se trata quirúrgicamente mediante una estapedectomía o estapedotomía para restaurar la conducción ósea. La prótesis del estribo mejora la audición en la mayoría de los pacientes.
Otosclerosis 2013
Measure and mark
incus and oval window
Removal of stapes suprastructure
Stapedotomy vs.
stapedectomy
Drill vs. laser vs.
microscissors
Avoid injury to the
facial nerve and
cochlea
Remove all
suprastructure
Oval window preparation
Remove any
overhanging bone
with a diamond burr
Ensure a clean
circular opening
Avoid injury to the
facial nerve and
cochlea
Seal any perilymph
leaks
Pro
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OTOSCLEROSIS - causes, types, symptoms & treatment
Otosclerosis is the overgrowth of the spongy bones in the bones of the middle ear leading to the fixation of the bones causing conductive hearing loss in patient.
This lecture includes its pathophysiology, causes, risk factors, symptoms and treatment
otosclerosis-200825060058 (1).pptx
Otosclerosis is a disease characterized by abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss. It is usually hereditary and more common in females between 20-30 years old. The abnormal bone growth fixes the stapes bone and prevents proper vibration of the ear bones in response to sound. This results in conductive hearing loss that progresses over time and can eventually cause sensorineural hearing loss. Treatment involves surgical procedures like stapedectomy or stapedotomy to replace the stapes bone and restore hearing conduction. Post-operative care and lifestyle changes are needed to aid recovery and prevent complications.
Dr ABI OTOSCELEROSIS.pptx
This document provides information about otosclerosis, including its developmental anatomy, definition, etiology, sites of involvement, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, investigations, and treatment. It begins with a description of the development of the inner ear structures. Otosclerosis is defined as a metabolic bone disease causing abnormal hardening of the otic capsule. Etiology may include heredity, sex, age, and pregnancy. Common sites of involvement are the oval window and round window. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, imaging like CT, and audiometry. Treatments discussed include medical management with sodium fluoride or bisphosphonates, hearing aids, bone anchored hearing aids, and surgical options like stapedectomy or laser st
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition where one or more foci of irregularly laid spongy bone replace part of normally dense enchondral layer of bony otic capsule in the bony labyrinth. This condition affects one of the ossicles (the stapes) resulting in hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo or a combination of symptoms.
Otosclerosis by Dr. Rajesh Mishra
This document provides information about otosclerosis, a metabolic bone disease that causes fixation of the stapes bone in the middle ear. It begins by defining otosclerosis and describing how abnormal bony growth around the stapes prevents sound transmission, causing conductive hearing loss. The document discusses the potential etiologies of otosclerosis and describes the pathophysiology. It outlines the types, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options including medications, hearing aids, and stapedectomy surgery to remove a portion of the fixed stapes bone and replace it with a prosthesis. Potential complications of stapedectomy surgery are also listed.
13514403.ppt
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disease where abnormal bone growth fixes the stapes footplate, reducing vibration transmission to the inner ear and causing hearing loss. It has two phases: early spongiotic phase with vascular changes seen as "Schwartze's sign," and later sclerotic phase with dense bone formation. Symptoms include unilateral or bilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness. Diagnosis involves audiometry and imaging. Treatment options include medication to slow bone changes or surgery to replace the stapes bone with a prosthesis, after which patients need to avoid sudden movements due to dizziness risk.
otosclerosis.pptx
Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth replaces the normal bone in the inner ear, often affecting the stapes and causing conductive hearing loss. It has no known cause but has genetic and demographic risk factors. The most common type affects the stapes and causes conductive hearing loss. Diagnosis is made based on symptoms of hearing loss and normal ear exam findings. Treatment is usually surgical to replace the stapes bone. Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear where a compartment of fluid is distended, causing episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes through hearing and balance tests.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition caused by abnormal bone remodeling in the middle ear. It most often involves the stapes bone becoming fixed in place, preventing sound from traveling through the ear normally. The exact cause is unknown but it tends to run in families and affects whites more than other races. Diagnosis involves hearing tests and sometimes imaging. Treatment options include surgery to replace the stapes bone.
otosclerosis.pptx
A 34-year-old female presented with progressive right ear hearing loss over 3 years. Examination found normal eardrums but positive Rinne test on the left and negative on the right. Diagnostic tests showed signs of otosclerosis. Otosclerosis is a disease where abnormal bone growth fixes the stapes bone in the inner ear, reducing sound transmission. The patient underwent a right endoscopic stapedotomy, where a small opening was made in the stapes to insert a prosthesis, to improve hearing. Post-operatively, the patient may experience dizziness, nausea and needs to avoid sudden movements.
Complications of Stapes surgery.pptx
The document discusses complications that can occur with stapes surgery for otosclerosis. Some common intraoperative complications include tears in the tympanic membrane flap, dislocation of the incus, and overhanging of the facial nerve. Postoperative complications include otitis media, vertigo, facial palsy, sensorineural hearing loss, conductive hearing loss, and reparative granulomas. Rare complications include cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Revision stapes surgery carries higher risks and lower success rates than initial surgery due to postoperative fibrosis and other challenges.
Otosclerosis dr.p.kartyhikeyan,07.03.2016
This document provides an overview of otosclerosis, including its definition, etiology, types, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment options. Otosclerosis is a primary disease of the otic capsule that causes conductive hearing loss by fixing the stapes footplate. It has an unknown etiology but may be hereditary or related to hormonal or enzymatic factors. Types include stapedial, cochlear, and malignant otosclerosis. Clinical features are conductive hearing loss and tinnitus. Diagnosis involves audiometric testing. Treatment options include sodium fluoride medication or stapedectomy surgery to improve hearing.
Otosclerosis
stapedial reflex
classification of veilon
ct densiometry
sodium fluride
fisch's reversal stapedotomy
STAMP
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal bone remodeling in the otic capsule. It commonly causes conductive hearing loss but can rarely cause sensorineural hearing loss. There are several types but the most common is clinical otosclerosis which affects the stapes and causes conductive hearing loss. It is more prevalent in Caucasians than other populations and more common in females. Treatment options include hearing aids, fluorides/bisphosphonates to slow progression, and surgery like stapedotomy or total stapedectomy to reconstruct the ossicular chain. Potential surgical complications include facial nerve injury, taste disturbance, infection, and sensorineural hearing loss.
8 otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a metabolic bone disease that causes fixation of the ossicles, resulting in conductive or mixed hearing loss. It has a higher prevalence in Caucasians and affects women more commonly than men. The most common age of presentation is 15-45 years old. While the exact etiology is unknown, genetic and hormonal factors likely play a role. Surgical interventions like stapedotomy or stapedectomy can improve hearing for patients, while non-surgical options include hearing aids or medical treatments like fluoride. Differential diagnoses include other causes of conductive hearing loss.
8 otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a metabolic bone disease that causes hearing loss by fixing the ossicles in the middle ear. It is most common in Caucasians and affects women more than men. Symptoms include conductive or mixed hearing loss that worsens over time. Diagnosis is made based on symptoms, examination findings, and audiometric testing. Treatment options include surgery to mobilize the ossicles or hearing aids for those not surgically treated.
Otosclerosis or Otospongiosis
Otosclerosis or otospongiosis is a bone degeneration that occurs in the otic capsule, the bone structure that surrounds the cochlea and labyrinth. Is an aberrant process of bone resorption of the labyrinthine capsule followed by reparative deposition of new, immature sclerotic bone (Abdurehim, 2016) [1]. This disease most often starts at the base of the stapes, which is the smallest bone in the human body, receiving the name of fenestral otosclerosis. Over time, it can progress to the cochlea and even reach the internal auditory meatus. Therefore, it is far from being a simple “calcification” of a small ear bone, requiring correct diagnosis, long-term follow-up, and personalized treatment.
Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is a condition where abnormal bone growth occurs in the middle ear, causing hearing loss. It most commonly affects the stapes bone, fixing it in place and resulting in conductive hearing loss. It can also spread to other areas of the middle ear or inner ear, causing sensorineural hearing loss. Otosclerosis is diagnosed through audiometric tests and imaging scans. Treatment options include medical management with drugs, surgical procedures like stapedectomy to restore hearing, or use of hearing aids. Complications can include complete deafness, nerve damage, or issues from surgery.
Otitis media syanthika medsurg
A 22 year old male presented with left earache and discharge for 2 weeks. On examination, his left tympanic membrane was bulging and erythematous. He was diagnosed with acute otitis media. Treatment involves topical and oral antibiotics as well as analgesics to manage pain. Surgical drainage may be required if symptoms persist despite medical management. The nurse's role includes assessing pain, monitoring for complications, providing patient education, and ensuring a safe recovery.
Otosclerosis(sbo 3)
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder affecting the bone of the inner ear that causes abnormal bone resorption and formation. It commonly affects the stapes bone, causing conductive hearing loss. Histologically, it presents as areas of bone resorption, new bone growth, and connective tissue. Clinically, it presents when the stapes or surrounding joints are involved, causing conductive hearing impairment. Rarely, it can progress to the inner ear and cause sensorineural hearing loss. Surgical intervention like stapedectomy is usually successful in restoring hearing by replacing the fixed stapes footplate with a prosthesis. Postoperative risks include further hearing loss, dizziness, and facial nerve injury, but successful surgery typically
What is Cholesteatoma?
Cholesteatoma is an abnormal skin growth in the middle ear space or mastoid bone that is non-cancerous. It can be present at birth or develop later due to repeated ear infections which cause negative pressure and inward pulling of the eardrum. Left untreated, cholesteatomas can grow large, cause hearing loss and facial paralysis, and potentially spread to the brain. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear and sometimes CT scans or audiology tests. Treatment is primarily surgical removal of the cholesteatoma and repair of any ear damage to preserve hearing.
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OTOSCLEROSIS - causes, types, symptoms & treatment
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ilide.info-assessment-of-renal-and-urinary-tract-function-pr_1aae1860e4cff0a4...
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COLOUR CODING IN THE PERIOPERATIVE NURSING PRACTICE.
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...
Exploring the Benefits of Binaural Hearing: Why Two Hearing Aids Are Better T...
Otosclerosis
- 1. OTOSCLEROSIS
- 2. Otosclerosis Otosclerosis or “hardening of the ear” result from the formation of an abnormal spongy bone , like bone growth along the stapes in the middle ear. With the new bone growth , the stapes become immobile prevents transmission as sound vibration into the ear, leading to conductive hearing loss. Otosclerosis usually affect the both ears.
- 4. Classification There are mainly two types of classification 1. Histological otosclerosis 2. Clinical otosclerosis
- 5. 1.Histological otosclerosis This type of otosclerosis does not produce any symptoms during life but is revealed only at postmortem
- 6. 2.Clinical otosclerosis There are three sub types 1. Stapedial otosclerosis 2. Cochlear otosclerosis 3. Mixed otosclerosis
- 7. 1.stapedial otosclerosis The otosclerosis focus may produce ankylosis of the membraneous labyrinth 2.Cochlear otosclerosis The otosclerotic process encroaches upon the membraneous labyrinth producing sensoryneural deafness.
- 8. 3.Mixed otosclerosis Otosclerosis causes both fixation of the stapes as well as in involvement of the labyrinth so that there are mixed hearing loss.
- 9. causes 1. Geneic factors 2. Viral infection 3. Measles 4. Other ear conditions
- 10. Clinical Manifestations Hearing loss Dizziness Tinnitus Roaring Buzzng the ear Vertigo headache & earache
- 11. Diagnostic evaluation History Physial examination Tuning fork test Audiometry test Tympanocentesis – fluid for middle ear send for culture CT scan – collection of fluidin ear & mastoid region , abscess formation MRI – evaluation of tumor & soft tissue AUDIOGRAPHY – to assess hearing loss
- 12. Management Otosclerosis may slowly get worse. The condition may not require treatment until you having severe hearing problems. Medications such as fluoride, calcium, or vitamin D may help to slow the hearing loss, but the benefits have not yet been proved. No known medical treatment exists for this form of deafness, but amplification with a hearing aid may be helpful.
- 13. Administer analgesics such as – IBUPROFEN OXYCODONE ACETAMENOPHEN (PCM) Hearing aid may be used to treat the hearing loss General measures : Avoidance of noise full environment Side lying position Continuous applications of medications High protein diet
- 14. Surgerical management stapedectomy. The removal of portion of the sclerotic stepes footplate of stapes or complete removal of the stapes and the implant with prosthesis to maintain suitable conduction.
- 15. Stapedotomy Modern surgery called stapedotomy is performed by drilling a small hole in the stapes footplate with micro drill or laser, and the insertion of a piston like prosthesis.
- 16. Nursing assessment History of onset & progression of symptoms Extend of hearing loss via audiotory Rinne test – to evaluate loss of air conduction Webers test-
- 17. Complications Complete deafness Nerve damage Infection, dizziness, pain, or blood clot in the ear after surgery