In mineral science, there are several analytical instruments used for various purpose, viz…
Scanning electron microscopy
X-ray diffraction
Transmission electron microscopy
X-ray fluorescence
Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy
Electron microprobe analysis
Secondary ion mass spectrometry
Atomic force microscopy
Introduction
Nanoparticle characterization techniques
Electron Microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Transmission electron Microscope
X-ray powder diffraction
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
In mineral science, there are several analytical instruments used for various purpose, viz…
Scanning electron microscopy
X-ray diffraction
Transmission electron microscopy
X-ray fluorescence
Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy
Electron microprobe analysis
Secondary ion mass spectrometry
Atomic force microscopy
Introduction
Nanoparticle characterization techniques
Electron Microscope
Scanning electron microscope
Transmission electron Microscope
X-ray powder diffraction
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a scanning near-field tool for nanoscale investigation which was invented in 1986. Instead of using light or electron beam, AFM uses a sharp tip to ‘‘feel’’ samples. As the tip radius of curvature is on the order of nanometers, AFM can detect changes at a spatial resolution up to sub nanometer level. Compared to the optical microscope, AFM has a much higher spatial resolution which provides the ability to investigate ultrafine structure of samples and even map the distribution of single molecules.
As AFM utilizes direct contact between the tip and the sample, minimum or even no sample preparation is required.
Moreover, AFM can investigate samples in liquid which provides an opportunity to monitor samples close to their native surroundings. Further, AFM provides true 3D images. With optical and electron microscopies, only limited ranges in heights can be ‘‘in-focus’’ at any one time. Therefore, AFM can provide unique insight into the structure and functional behavior of materials. AFM is a versatile technique. Besides scanning the topography of a sample, it can also be used to investigate the mechanical properties of the sample as well as the interactions between the tip and the sample. AFM has been successfully applied in widespread branches of science and technology such as nanofabrication, material science, chemical and drug engineering, biotechnology and microbiology. As for above mentioned reasons, Atomic force microscope (AFM) is considered a useful tool for the nanoscale measurement in material-polymer science and engineering. AFM lacks the robust ability to chemically characterize materials.
Atomic force microscope (AFM) is a scanning near-field tool for nanoscale investigation which was invented in 1986. Instead of using light or electron beam, AFM uses a sharp tip to ‘‘feel’’ samples. As the tip radius of curvature is on the order of nanometers, AFM can detect changes at a spatial resolution up to sub nanometer level. Compared to the optical microscope, AFM has a much higher spatial resolution which provides the ability to investigate ultrafine structure of samples and even map the distribution of single molecules.
As AFM utilizes direct contact between the tip and the sample, minimum or even no sample preparation is required.
Moreover, AFM can investigate samples in liquid which provides an opportunity to monitor samples close to their native surroundings. Further, AFM provides true 3D images. With optical and electron microscopies, only limited ranges in heights can be ‘‘in-focus’’ at any one time. Therefore, AFM can provide unique insight into the structure and functional behavior of materials. AFM is a versatile technique. Besides scanning the topography of a sample, it can also be used to investigate the mechanical properties of the sample as well as the interactions between the tip and the sample. AFM has been successfully applied in widespread branches of science and technology such as nanofabrication, material science, chemical and drug engineering, biotechnology and microbiology. As for above mentioned reasons, Atomic force microscope (AFM) is considered a useful tool for the nanoscale measurement in material-polymer science and engineering. AFM lacks the robust ability to chemically characterize materials.
This Presentation is based on our Research work carried out in GNDU Amritsar and DAVIET, Jallandhar. We fabricated Ion track filters; nanowires and some Exotic Patterns for the first time in India using simple Techniques.
08 Feb 17 Light, Electron E Levels Actual PresentedSteve Koch
Introduction to electromagnetic radiation and light. Viewing atomic spectra with diffraction gratings. Optical tweezers (cool example of light having momentum).
Electron Microscope. This booklet is a primer on electron and ion beam microscopy and is intended for students and others interested in learning more about the history, technology, and instruments behind this fascinating field of
scientific inquiry.
Electron microscopy (EM) is a technique for obtaining high resolution images of biological and non-biological specimens. It is used in biomedical research to investigate the detailed structure of tissues, cells, organelles and macromolecular complexes
Dr. Toma Susi (University of Vienna, Austria) invited talk at the MRS Spring Meeting 2018 in Phoenix, AZ titled "Towards atomically precise manipulation of 2D nanostructures in the
electron microscope".
A whole new world in Biology is exposed. Cells can now be "dissected" into nanometre thin "slices" while at the same time the composition and 3-D ultrastructure of each "slice", using Nano Scanning Auger Microscopy, are determined
by
Prof. J.L.F. Kock (Ph.D.)
Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology
University of the Free State
P. O. Box 339
Bloemfontein 9300
South Africa
This presentation has been delivered to "Online Medical Conference" at http://conferences.medicalia.org
THERMIONIC EMISSION
Emission this is the process whereby electrons are emitted (given out) from a substance.
Electron emission this is the process of liberating electrons from the metal surface.
WAYS OF EMITTING ELECTRONS
There are four ways of emitting electrons which are:
THERMIONIC EMISSION Is the process of emitting electrons by applying heat energy. OR is the discharge of electrons from the surfaces of heated materials.
PHOTO ELECTRIC EMISSION Is the process of emitting electrons by application of light energy.
HIGH FIELD EMISSION Is the process of emitting electrons by application of electric field.
SECONDARY EMISSION Is the process of producing electron by application of highest speed field.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Xing Group AFM Presentation
1. 1 Nano Materials and Nano Scale Imaging Prof. Grace Xing Dr. Chuanxin Lian Electrical Engineering Department University of Notre Dame
2. 2 Outline Introduction to Xing Group and Research Discussion of Optics History Ranges of Visual Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Fundamentals Operation Scheme Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) Demonstration of AFM imaging
43. Summary on scale and electronics Electronics has come a long way very quickly. Electronic devices are everywhere. Nanotechnology promises to continue this progress into the future. You are the ones to do it! Enjoy!!
44. 44 source How do we see an object? target detector …and often you’ll need a lens
45. 45 Requirements of Vision The light that reaches the eye must have a color between red (760nm) and blue (400nm) – or a mixture of these colors The light that reaches the eye must be sufficiently bright – usually requires a sufficiently bright source www.uvabcs.com/uvlight-typical.php , August 31, 2009 UV UV UV C B A visible light infrared 760 wavelength in nm 3000 290 320 760 400
56. 49 Let’s bounce something else at the surface! e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- Basic Idea? Animal sight and traditional microscopes collect deflected light Some are “reflected” Some are absorbed
57. 50 Electron Beam Column Beam created from heated filament Beam travels through a vacuum Electro-magnetic fields act as lenses Electron beam hits the sample in a precise location Scattered and “secondary” electrons are detected Beam scans back and forth http://bioweb.usu.edu/emlab/TEM-SEM%20Teaching/How%20SEM%20works.html
58. 51 Electrons Hit Surface and Detection Primary electrons come from the beam Some scatter back, others dislodge electrons http://www4.nau.edu/microanalysis/Microprobe-SEM/Signals.html
59. 52 Example Images http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/labs/ebeam/sem_gallery_e.php
63. 56 The powerful, versatile AFM Resolutions: X and Y 2 -10 nm Z 0.05 nm Microstructure of solids: CD, glass beads, circuits Biological samples: skin cross section, viruses, bacteria, blood, DNA and RNA ~30 um scan www.nanotech-now.com/.../antonio-siber.htm Aug 27, 2009
66. 59 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) Electrons tunnel! With a higher probability than cars STM measures the current created by tunneling electrons Images courtesy of http://www.ieap.uni-kiel.de and www.renault.com
67. 60 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) C60 “Bucky Balls” Each C60 diameter is ~ 10Å 1 Å = 1x 10-10 m Image courtesy of http://nano.tm.agilent.com
68. 61 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) Xenon on Nickel Individual atoms? That’s small! Iron on Copper Images courtesy of http://www.almaden.ibm.com