This presentation discusses the process of dyeing woven fabrics. Woven fabrics are produced by interlacing warp and weft yarns and are used in a variety of applications. The dyeing process for woven fabrics differs from knits and uses a jigger dyeing machine. The steps of the woven fabric dyeing process include inspecting gray fabric, stitching and brushing, singeing to remove stray fibers, desizing to remove sizing agents, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing to increase luster and dyeability, dyeing or printing, and finishing. Dyeing involves using the proper dye, machine, and chemicals to achieve the desired shade. There are different types of dyeing including fiber
Printing means localized application of dyes on the fabric according to design. For printing it is required to produce printing paste. Printing Paste is a viscous paste which is made from pigments, thickeners and many of chemical. A good printing paste is mainly responsible for good printing effect. So it is very important to make a printing paste. There are different types of ingredients are used to make printing paste
Generally following ingredients are used in printing paste:
Dyestuffs or pigment.
Wetting agents.
Thickener.
Solvents dispersing agents.
Defoaming agents.
Oxidizing and reducing agents.
Catalyst and oxygen carrier.
Acid and alkali.
Career and swelling agent.
Miscellaneous agent
(Over Dyeing) to dye for a second or third time with a different color. Over dyeing is such a rewarding way of rescuing an ugly or unsatisfactory colored cloth. It gives uneven look. sometimes over dyeing doesn’t mean all-time dyeing the garment which is previously dyed. Over dyeing may be normal dyeing or piece dyeing process.
Printing means localized application of dyes on the fabric according to design. For printing it is required to produce printing paste. Printing Paste is a viscous paste which is made from pigments, thickeners and many of chemical. A good printing paste is mainly responsible for good printing effect. So it is very important to make a printing paste. There are different types of ingredients are used to make printing paste
Generally following ingredients are used in printing paste:
Dyestuffs or pigment.
Wetting agents.
Thickener.
Solvents dispersing agents.
Defoaming agents.
Oxidizing and reducing agents.
Catalyst and oxygen carrier.
Acid and alkali.
Career and swelling agent.
Miscellaneous agent
(Over Dyeing) to dye for a second or third time with a different color. Over dyeing is such a rewarding way of rescuing an ugly or unsatisfactory colored cloth. It gives uneven look. sometimes over dyeing doesn’t mean all-time dyeing the garment which is previously dyed. Over dyeing may be normal dyeing or piece dyeing process.
If we work with a cross section
of the color tree as CIELab space,
this space is divided by two
axes which intersect at a
grey neutral area in the centre.
“a” is the red-green axis which
is red on the positive side and
green on the negative side.
“b” is the yellow-blue axis which
is yellow on the positive end and
blue on negative end.
Advancement in technology has paved the way for a much better garment printing. The art of direct printing on garment is simplified by the technology every day. You can already choose and create your own design for t-shirts and other garments regardless of how complex the design is.Every make a Confusion about printing, i try to make it clear.
Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. … In dyeing, it is applied to the entire textile.
Softener is an finishing agent that when applied to textile material improves its handle giving pleasing touch. As a general rule, the softening agents applied are lubricating agents, which facilitate the fiber sliding within the fabric structure, thus granting easier deformation and creasing of the fabric.
Flocking is defined as the application of fine particles to adhesive coated surfaces. Nowadays, this is usually done by the application of a high-voltage electric field. In a flocking machine the "flock" is given a negative charge whilst the substrate is earthed. Flock material flies vertically onto the substrate attaching to previously applied glue.
A machine or apparatus for stretching or stentering fabrics. The purpose of the Stenter machine is to bringing the length and width to pre determine dimensions and also for heat setting and it is used for applying finishing chemicals and also shade variation is adjusted. The main function of the Stenter is to stretch the fabric widthwise and to recover the uniform width.
Textile wet processing
Textile wet processing is the process that use in any finishing treatment. Where, this process is applied on textile in form of liquid with involves some for chemical action on the textile.
Examples: bleaching, printing, dyeing and printing.
Introduction to Dyeing and Printing
Color is one of the most significant factors in the appeal and marketability of textile products.
Color can be added to textile objects by either dyes or pigments.
Most colored textiles is achieved by dye or pigment mixtures rather than a single dye or pigment.
Dyeing is a method which imparts beauty to the fabric by applying various colors and their shades.
Dyeing operations are used at various stages of production to add color and intricacy to textiles and increase product value.
It chemically changes a substance so that the reflecting light appears coloured .
The property of color fastness depends upon two factors- selection of proper dye and selection of the method for dyeing the fiber, yarn or fabric.
Dyes are used for coloring the fabrics.
Dyes are molecules which absorb and reflect light at specific wavelengths to give human eyes the sense of color.
There are two major types of dyes - natural and synthetic dyes.
The natural dyes are extracted from natural substances such as plants, animals, or minerals.
Synthetic dyes are made in a laboratory. Chemicals are synthesized for making synthetic dyes. Some of the synthetic dyes contain metals too.
Dyeing processes may take place at any of several stages of the manufacturing process (fibers, yarn, piece-dyeing). Stock dyeing is used to dye fibers.
Top dyeing is used to dye combed wool sliver.
Batik
resist dyeing process- designs - made with wax on a fabric which is subsequently immersed in a dye to absorb the colour on the un-waxed portions - batik dyeing.
done notably in India, Japan and Indonesia.
patterns - geometric, moral, bird or animal motifs.
melted wax mixed with resin - traced on the areas not to dyed with a tjanting- small instrument - short, straight reed handle -attached a small, funnel shaped copper cub with one or more spouts.
After application of wax, the fabric is dipped into dye - particular colour desired.
After dye - fixed - material dried- cloth is boiled and rinsed - remove the wax.
Any traces of wax remaining - scraped off.
primary colours used -red, yellow, blue /blacks and white.
light and dark shades - brown, green, violet, orange and pink - also used.
method light colours - applied first followed by the wax; the deeper shades are then built in.
Kalamkari
The finest of Indian art textiles all over the world - exquisiteness almost to a point of magic - category of cotton fabrics.
term kalamkari originates - Persian Words Kalam or pen brush and Kari or workmanship literally implying pen-work.
Kalamkari - wax resists process in which dyeing printing and painting with a pen brush .
process of kalamkari - elaborate and intricate.
kalam - nothing but
If we work with a cross section
of the color tree as CIELab space,
this space is divided by two
axes which intersect at a
grey neutral area in the centre.
“a” is the red-green axis which
is red on the positive side and
green on the negative side.
“b” is the yellow-blue axis which
is yellow on the positive end and
blue on negative end.
Advancement in technology has paved the way for a much better garment printing. The art of direct printing on garment is simplified by the technology every day. You can already choose and create your own design for t-shirts and other garments regardless of how complex the design is.Every make a Confusion about printing, i try to make it clear.
Dyeing is the application of dyes or pigments on textile materials such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the goal of achieving color with desired color fastness. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. … In dyeing, it is applied to the entire textile.
Softener is an finishing agent that when applied to textile material improves its handle giving pleasing touch. As a general rule, the softening agents applied are lubricating agents, which facilitate the fiber sliding within the fabric structure, thus granting easier deformation and creasing of the fabric.
Flocking is defined as the application of fine particles to adhesive coated surfaces. Nowadays, this is usually done by the application of a high-voltage electric field. In a flocking machine the "flock" is given a negative charge whilst the substrate is earthed. Flock material flies vertically onto the substrate attaching to previously applied glue.
A machine or apparatus for stretching or stentering fabrics. The purpose of the Stenter machine is to bringing the length and width to pre determine dimensions and also for heat setting and it is used for applying finishing chemicals and also shade variation is adjusted. The main function of the Stenter is to stretch the fabric widthwise and to recover the uniform width.
Textile wet processing
Textile wet processing is the process that use in any finishing treatment. Where, this process is applied on textile in form of liquid with involves some for chemical action on the textile.
Examples: bleaching, printing, dyeing and printing.
Introduction to Dyeing and Printing
Color is one of the most significant factors in the appeal and marketability of textile products.
Color can be added to textile objects by either dyes or pigments.
Most colored textiles is achieved by dye or pigment mixtures rather than a single dye or pigment.
Dyeing is a method which imparts beauty to the fabric by applying various colors and their shades.
Dyeing operations are used at various stages of production to add color and intricacy to textiles and increase product value.
It chemically changes a substance so that the reflecting light appears coloured .
The property of color fastness depends upon two factors- selection of proper dye and selection of the method for dyeing the fiber, yarn or fabric.
Dyes are used for coloring the fabrics.
Dyes are molecules which absorb and reflect light at specific wavelengths to give human eyes the sense of color.
There are two major types of dyes - natural and synthetic dyes.
The natural dyes are extracted from natural substances such as plants, animals, or minerals.
Synthetic dyes are made in a laboratory. Chemicals are synthesized for making synthetic dyes. Some of the synthetic dyes contain metals too.
Dyeing processes may take place at any of several stages of the manufacturing process (fibers, yarn, piece-dyeing). Stock dyeing is used to dye fibers.
Top dyeing is used to dye combed wool sliver.
Batik
resist dyeing process- designs - made with wax on a fabric which is subsequently immersed in a dye to absorb the colour on the un-waxed portions - batik dyeing.
done notably in India, Japan and Indonesia.
patterns - geometric, moral, bird or animal motifs.
melted wax mixed with resin - traced on the areas not to dyed with a tjanting- small instrument - short, straight reed handle -attached a small, funnel shaped copper cub with one or more spouts.
After application of wax, the fabric is dipped into dye - particular colour desired.
After dye - fixed - material dried- cloth is boiled and rinsed - remove the wax.
Any traces of wax remaining - scraped off.
primary colours used -red, yellow, blue /blacks and white.
light and dark shades - brown, green, violet, orange and pink - also used.
method light colours - applied first followed by the wax; the deeper shades are then built in.
Kalamkari
The finest of Indian art textiles all over the world - exquisiteness almost to a point of magic - category of cotton fabrics.
term kalamkari originates - Persian Words Kalam or pen brush and Kari or workmanship literally implying pen-work.
Kalamkari - wax resists process in which dyeing printing and painting with a pen brush .
process of kalamkari - elaborate and intricate.
kalam - nothing but
Treatment of water for domestic use,Screening,Sedimentation,Co-agulation,Filtration,Disinfection of water,Water softening
Permutit Process,Ion exchange method,Mixed bed Dimneralisation process, Lime- Soda process ,Desalination
RO Method, Electrodialysis
Knitting is a process to produce knit fabric. In this process the yarn is turned into knit fabric. The process includes various types of knitting technique, dying, washing etc. To purchase knit fabric, concerned person needs to know the yarn price and charges of all the process. The most common fibres used for knit fabrics are cotton and viscose with or without elastane and the most common construction is single jersey which is widely used for making t-shirt and knit tops and bottoms. There are also various types of fibres and knitting constructions. Let us see the yarn and fabric update.
It has great effect of hot brand reactive dye on cotton fabric with exhaustion method. Migration method is more acceptable for proper color fixation in a dyeing process. Another way when we followed ISO method has create a lot of problem such as wash fastness variation rubbing fastness variation, uneven dyeing etc. If we want to get perfect dyeing than we must maintain migration method.
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
List of Profitable Business Ideas in Textile Bleaching, Dyeing, Spinning, Wea...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Textile processing is a general term that covers right from singeing (protruding fiber removal) to finishing and printing of fabric. The various steps a fabric goes into are singeing, desizing, bleaching, dyeing, and finishing. Bleaching is a process to make the fabric or yarn look brighter and whiter. Dyeing is a process of applying coloring matter directly on fiber without any additives. Finishing is the final process to impart the required end use finishes to the fabric and lastly the printing process on fabric which is a science as well as an art. Textile auxiliaries such as chemicals are used for all stages of the textile manufacturing process that is from pre-treatment to dyeing and printing and finishing.
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Textile Dyeing & Printing Mill, Textile Dyeing Mills in India, Dyeing & Printing Mills, Textiles Dyeing and Printing, Textile and Fabric Printing Mill, Textile Industry, Textile Weaving Mill, Weaving Mill, How to Start a Bleaching and Dyeing of Textile Business, Projects on Textile Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing and Finishing, Starting a Textile Mill, Textile Spinning, Weaving, Dyeing, Bleaching and Printing, How to set up a Cloth Weaving Company, Spinning and Weaving Mill, Textile Bleaching, Bleaching in Textile Industry, Textile Bleaching Process, Dyeing and Processing, Textile Bleaching and Dyeing, Textile Bleaching, Dyeing & Finishing Business, Textile Bleaching, Dyeing & Finishing, Cotton Yarn Dyeing Process, Cotton Yarn Dyeing, Cotton Yarn Dyeing Factory, Cotton Yarn Dyeing Project Report, Project Report on Yarn Dyeing, Cotton Ginning and Pressing Factory, Ginning and Pressing Mill, Cotton Ginning and Pressing, Textile Softeners (Cationic, Anionic & Non Ionic), Dyeing of Hank Yarn for Power Loom, Wetting Oil (Textile Yarn Wetting Agent), Sewing Thread Reels, Silk Reeling Unit, Cotton Ginning and Pressing project ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small scale industries projects ideas, Cloth Weaving Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Project profile on small scale industries, How to Start Cotton Ginning and Pressing Industry in India, Cotton Ginning and Pressing Projects, New project profile on Textile and Fabric Printing industries, Project Report on Cloth Weaving Company Industry, Detailed Project Report on Cotton Ginning and Pressing, Project Report on Cloth Weaving Company, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Textile and Fabric Printing, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Silk Reeling, Feasibility report on Cloth Weaving Company
Textile dyeing mc final report University of south asiaTonmoyMollick
Topics about textile dyeing and used machinery. Data arranged by BSC in textile 36 batch from USA evening students. If any issue to change the data please replay and advice we will do accordingly.
Manufacturing process of textile industries (Printing and dyeing process of f...Muhammad Umair Akram
This document is actually based practical research That was completed during my internship in AMSONS textiles mills (pvt.) ltd Karachi, Sindhi, Pakistan. This document will really help you in your studies and will make it easy for you to understand about the process that are usually followed during printing and dyeing of fabric. In this document the quality control procedures of textile industry are also discussed.
Garment dyeing is the cost effectiveness of mass producing identical garments of particular colors.Garment dyeing is the process of dyeing fully fashioned garments (such as pants, pullovers, t-shirts, jeans, sweaters, dresses, bathrobes, casual jackets, shirts, skirts, hosieries) subsequent to manufacturing, as opposed to the conventional method of manufacturing garments from pre-dyed fabrics. A major drawback with this approach is the risk associated with carrying a large inventory of a particular style or color in today's dynamic market. Garment dyeing has been slowly emerging as a process to meet the ephemeral fashion trends adopted by the consumers and new machines and methods have made this process to wear a brighter future for it.The advantage of this process is the cost effectiveness of mass producing identical garments of particular colors.
Quick Response to the market (bar coding etc.,)
Ability to supply a wide range of colorations to the retailer, but only in the shades that are selling
Reduced discounted sales at inventory
Best way to achieved relaxed, casual look .Ability to create special effects such as tie dyed, pigment dyed and washed down in a single process etc.,
A major drawback with this approach is the risk associated with carrying a large inventory of a particular style or color in today's dynamic market.
Traditionally,
Analyzing different fabric properties after garments dyeingS.M. Zahidul Islam
The garment dyeing process has a lot influence on the properties of different woven fabrics. Commercially garment dyeing is relatively newer field in Textile processing. Here we have used different parameters to get result. It just an example of an experiment which we were trying to find out the facility of the different fabrics after garments dyeing.
Special Note: Everyone is requested to avoid these slide to use exactly same, It can be used just an example.We will be trying to improve the DRAWBACK of this experiment.
Twist is the measurement of the spiral turns gives to a yarn in order to hold the constituent fibre or together. Twist may defined as the rotation about the yarn axis of any line drawn on the yarn which was originally that is before twisting parallel to the yarn axis.
Synthetic fibres are man-made fibres. Synthetic fibres are made from different chemicals. Each kind of synthetic fibres have their own properties. Synthetic fibres are more in length and are long lasting. The only limitation in synthetic fibres is that they are poor absorbents of moisture and they catch fire easily.
Study on different types of finishing defects in garments industryFoysal Ahmed
Study on different types of finishing defects in garments industry. it's a project. This project learn more about finishing section. By this project we learn about various types of finishing faults and their remedies. In finishing section we see finishing faults like Unwanted marks on fabric, Missed zipper teeth, Damage Label, Button Threads Missing ,Pin holes, Water spots etc. We hope this project on finishing faults & their remedies will help us very much in our future career.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
3. Woven fabric is produced with interlacement of warp
and weft yarn. The importance of woven fabrics
increases constantly. Starting from traditional uses
mainly in clothing applications.
4. Use:
Woven fabrics today are key materials for structural,
electronic, telecommunications, medical, aerospace
and other technical application fields
5. Woven fabric dyeing process is different from knit
fabric dyeing process. Jigger dyeing machine is
used in woven dyeing.
7. DYEING:
Dyeing is proper way to coloration of textile material
(fiber, yarn, woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven
fabric). Suitable dyestuff, dyeing machine and dyes
chemical is required for achieving proper dyeing
shade.
9. SINGEING:
Singeing is the first step of dyeing. Singeing
is important for a fabric to provide a smooth
finish. Woven fabric goods usually contain
protruding fibers from textile yarns. Singing
process is used to remove those protruding
fibres from the surface of the fabric.
10. DESIZING:
Desizing is an important dyeing preparation step.
During weaving sizing material is used to increase
the strength of warp yarn. The sizing material is
hydrophobic in nature. That’s why it must be
removed before dying. Desizing is the process to
remove the size material from the fiber.
11. BLEACHING :
Bleaching is a complex process. The most common
bleaching agents include sodium chlorite, hydrogen
peroxide, sulfur dioxide gas and sodium
hypochlorite. All the natural fiber contains a natural
color which is harmful for dyeing shade matching.
12. MERCERIZING:
Mercerization is used to increase appearance, luster
and dye ability of textile fiber. Mercerizing is a semi-
continuous or continuous chemical process used for
cotton and cotton/polyester goods
13. PRINTING :
Printing is the process to make colors on the textile
materials with the presence of thickener to give sharp
design. The thickener will be removed after the
printing process to make softer handle.
14. FINISHING:
Finishing is the last steps of dyeing. Actually dyeing
finishing is required for quality assurance of dyed
fabric. There are different types of finishing those
actually depends on buyer requirement.
15. There are two types of finishing:
I. Chemical finishing
ii. Mechanical finishing.
16. Chemical finish: Here finishing effect is brought out
by means of chemical. Some examples are:
I. Optical finishing
ii. Resin finishing
iii. Antimicrobial finishing
17. Mechanical Finishing: Here finishing effect is
brought out by means of mechanical application
some examples are:
I. Calendaring
ii. Heat setting
iii. Brushing
iv. Compacting
18. Methods in continuous dyeing process
O Pad-steam
O Wet-steam
O thermo sol dyeing
O TAK dyeing
O space dyeing
O Pad-steam dyeing long chain warp dyeing etc.
