It has great effect of hot brand reactive dye on cotton fabric with exhaustion method. Migration method is more acceptable for proper color fixation in a dyeing process. Another way when we followed ISO method has create a lot of problem such as wash fastness variation rubbing fastness variation, uneven dyeing etc. If we want to get perfect dyeing than we must maintain migration method.

1. WELCOME to MYWELCOME to MY
PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION
Md.Azmeri Latif BegMd.Azmeri Latif Beg
MSc.in Textile Engineering(DIU)MSc.in Textile Engineering(DIU)
Textile

2.  Chapter-1
General Introduction

4.  Characteristics of reactive dyes:
1. Water soluble dyes.
2. Makes covalent bonds with the fibers.
3. A certain amount of dye is hydrolyzed during (10-60%).
4. Dyeing is carried out in alkaline condition (ph=11.5).
5. Huge electrolyte is necessary for dyeing with reactive dyes.
6. Fastness (wash, light, rubbing, perspiration) properties are
generally good.
7. Easy applicable to cellulosic as well as protein fibers. (Wool &
silk).
8. Very popular and wide used in the wet processing industry in
Bangladesh.
9. Comparatively cheap is found.
10. All kinds of shade are found.
11. Dyeing method is easy.

5. Broad Objectives:
 Hot brand reactive dyeing and its application system on
cotton goods in exhaust method.
Objectives:
 Comparison of the color appearance of cotton fabrics dyed
using hot brand reactive dyes at different temperature.
 Describe exhaust dyeing method on cotton goods.
Comparison of different fastness properties e.g. washing
fastness between standard temperature and different
temperature of dyeing.

6.  Hot brand reactive dye is one of the types of
reactive dyes.These types of reactive dyes have
lower reactivity towards cotton.
 High dyeing temperature is required and
normally dyeing is carried out at the
temperature between 90-95c, these types of
dyes also requires strong alkaline medium and
NAOH is used to bring the PH at 10.5-11.

7. Chapter-2
Literature Review

13. Types Exhaust dyeing
temperature(0c
)
Alkali
recommended
High
reactivity(cold
brand)
25-40 Weak
Alkali(NaHCO3
)
Medium
reactivity(Warm
brand)
40-60 Mild
Alkali(Na2CO3)
Low
Reactivity(hot
brand)
60-95 Strong
Alkali(NaOH)

14. Hot brand reactive dyes:
Hot brand reactive dye is one of the types of reactive dyes.
These types of reactive dyes have lower reactivity towards
cotton. High dyeing temperature is required and normally dyeing
is carried out at the temperature between 900-950c, these types
of dyes also requires strong alkaline medium and NAOH is used
to bring the PH at 10.5-11.
Example includes:
Monochlorotriazine(MCT)
Dichloroquinaxoline(DQT) and
Trichloro pyrimidine reactive dyesTrichloro pyrimidine reactive dyes

15. Chapter-3
Material & Methods

16. Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Reactive dye:
Recipe:
•Anionic detergent :1 g/L
•Nonionic detergent :.5 g/L
•Sequestering agent :1 g/L
•Hyhrogenperoxide : 3g/L
•NaOH :3 g/L
•Enzyme

17. Procedure:
•At first Anionic detergent, Nonionic detergent, Sequestering
agent,Hydrogen peroxide, NaOH are taken in a bath in 40 tem.
For 10 minutes.
•Temperature is increased slowly. Normally 2-3 degree per
min
•After that tem. Is kept is kept in 95-110 for 30 min.
•Temperature is decreased slowly.
•Enzyme is added in 80
•After 10 min. passing acetic acid is added.
•After 10 min. passing, cooling and draining is completed.
•Fabric are kept for 10 min. in a bath.
•Fabrics are washed by overflowing process.
•Finally fabrics are prepared for dyeing.

18. Sunfix Turquoise Blue PGR Reactive Blue 72
Sunfix Blue H3RP / P3R Reactive Blue 49 / 99
Sunfix Yellow H5G Reactive Yellow 2
Raw Material that are used in this project:
2. Fabric
3. Dye stuff
4. Chemical and auxiliaries
Fabric Types:
100% cotton fabric
Single jersey with lycra.
Dyes that are used in this project:
Lab Dyeing Machine: Dye-Master (Glycerin bath)
Origin: India
Capacity: 24 pots

19. Chapter-4
Result & Discussion

20. Method of dyeing:
In this project Exhaust dyeing method is used
for dyed of cotton goods by sunfix hot brand reactive
dyes.
Primary Exhaustion Phase
Exhaustion of dye from the dye bath to the cellulose
during Primary Exhaustion phase is governed by the
following three physical processes and the phenomenon
of substantivity
Adsorption
Diffusion,
Absorption/ Exhaustion/Migration

21. Secondary Exhaustion
The observations and inferences in the above deliberations
related to primary exhaustion in a Reactive exhaust dyeing
process are incomplete without the final fixation. When Alkali is
added, the cellulose ionizes to form Cell-O- and H+ (Cell O– Na+)
and starts forming covalent bonds with the reactive functional
groups of the dye Chromophore. When more and more of dye
anions are covalently bond, the distribution coefficient shifts to
fiber phase effecting further exhaustion due to deficiency of dye
anions in the cellulose phase and dye bath concentration starts
depleting further. The degree of alkalinity in terms of pH plays a
major role in shifting the fixation of dye to its hydrolysis reacting
with water. Any exhaustion during this stage if it is hydrolyzed dye
it would be far more undesirable In a reactive dye system
therefore, primary exhaustion alone does not govern the efficiency
of dyeing. The degree of secondary exhaustion also would
influence the efficiency.

22. During the secondary exhaustion when alkalie is added, there is a
second reaction that also sets in motion in parallel ( i.e. the
hydrolysis of the Reactive dye with water) in competition to the
fixation of the dye that is the primary aim. The dye anion is equally
facilitated to react with OH of water to form the hydrolyzed dye in
which state the dye is as good as a direct dye with all its
‘undesirable’ characteristics.
It is the reactive group in the dye, pH and temperature that
influence the hydrolysis of dye in preference to reacting with
cellulose. It becomes critical that the hydrolysis is curbed to
maximize efficiency. The relationship between temperature and
reactivity is that higher temperatures require lower alkalinity; to
optimize on hydrolysis. They can be broadly grouped under ‘High’
‘Medium’ and ‘Low’ categories requiring 40º C. 60 º C and 80º.C
respectively - levels of pH 12.5 for High (cold dyeing), 11.5 for
Medium (Warm) and 10 - 11.0 for Low (Hot Dyeing) for the
reaction to proceed more favorably towards the substrate.

23. Migration phase
Since fiber surface area is a factor in diffusion process, the exhaustion would proceed to
locations where relatively more surface area is presented like in the amorphous areas
and less densely packed crystalline areas in that order in the cellulose and therefore the
dye concentration within the cellulose substrate would not be uniform/even. Such a
situation would result in uneven build up of the dye both in hue and intensity.
In a trichromatic mixture the situation could be worse.
The process of Migration of the exhausted dye depends on the molecular size of the dye
its spatial profile (Steric) and the solubilizing groups present. The other external factors
would relate to temperature, machinery used and the package profiles and densities (in
case of package dyeings).
Raising the temperature would provide the required thermal energy; but cannot be
increased arbitrarily due to limitations discussed under ‘Temperature’. Both exhaustion
and migrations can be maximized /improved by better mechanical agitations that would
facilitate intimate surface area contact of the cellulose with dye liquor and by improved
flow designs that facilitate better liquor exchange at the fiber liquor inter-phase.
Migration phase should precede the fixation phase as once the reactive dye forms a
covalent bond with Cell O- it is anchored strongly and cannot be shifted.

26. Discussion
Above all of experiment we found that, migration method
is better than ISO method. Because ISO method show
low Color fastness, light fastness etc. Migration method
need more time than ISO method. ISO method gives
unfixed dye. So create problem during dyeing. On the
other way, Migration method show better result during
dyeing.

27. Chapter-5
Conclusion

28. CONCLUSION:
During the work phase on the project, several fields were identified which are not
clarified on the topic. So we have to assume some matters to proceed on our work that
are clearly recognized later on relevant section. Moreover there is also unavailable
information that we have worked with. In most instances the unavailable information was
nonexistent obtaining t would require detailed research efforts, which is impossible to us
due to lack of facilities, lack of time and lack of professionalism. In other instances
information was available, but the database was insufficient to establish reliable and
representative estimates. The areas of effective shade matching recommended for
additional study are:
Develop information of properties of dyestuffs--
Most of the information available on physical/ chemical dyestuffs properties are general
and does not describe properties of specific large volume dyestuffs currently in use.
Characterize the size capacity and dye usage of textile dyeing operations.
Develop data on Worker Exposure to dyestuffs- although little data is included in the
report but it requires more detailed study and attention.
Balance lab dyeing condition with production- for successful application of comport
predicted recipe ,it is essential that the dyeing conditions and material must be identical
in calibration experiment as well as in production plant .
Widen the database with different dyestuffs and methods, Fiber, Fabric types- much
information is available on the report is based on only two dyes brands of same types
one method one type of fiber one fabric types. Database requires all dye brands that are
commercially used from different dyestuffs manufacturer following their guidelines and
all dye classes available in the industry and also all types of fiber and substrate.

29. Above all discussion we can say that, it has
great effect of hot brand reactive dye on
cotton fabric with exhaustion method.
Migration method is more acceptable for
proper color fixation in a dyeing process.
Another way when we followed ISO method
has create a lot of problem such as wash
fastness variation rubbing fastness variation,
uneven dyeing etc. If we want to get perfect
dyeing than we must maintain migration
method.

30. THE END

31. THANKS TO
EVERY BODY