The development of wireless patient monitoring system has been quite intensive in the past decade. Hence, in the present study, a new approach of wireless patient monitoring system was proposed as a prototype to minimize the power consumption and the costing issue. Visual Basic Net. 2010 as the software and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) 16F877 microcontroller as the hardware circuit were used to implement the system. The communication between the hardware and software systems is in the full duplex communication via the XBee modules happened. The results show that XBee module is successfully communicated with the whole system and the monitoring software is in the best condition to be implemented. Since the prototype using variable voltage, good comparison with the experimental and previous studies shows that the present study can be improved by using the real ECG machine so that the system can be ready to the real user.
An Open And Reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network For Pervasive Health Monit...Andreas Triantafyllidis
Presentation from 2nd International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare 2008 Tampere, Finland. Parts of this work have been published in Methods of Information in Medicine Journal 2008;47(3):229-34 available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473089
Objectives: Sensor networks constitute the backbone for the construction of personalized monitoring systems. Up to now, several sensor networks have been proposed for diverse pervasive healthcare applications, which are however characterized by a significant lack of open architectures, resulting in closed, non-interoperable, and difficult to extend solutions. In this context, we propose an open and reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for pervasive health monitoring, with particular emphasis in its easy extension with additional sensors and functionality by incorporating embedded intelligence mechanisms.
Methods: We consider a generic WSN architecture comprised of diverse sensor nodes (with communication and processing capabilities) and a Mobile Base Unit (MBU) operating as the gateway between the sensors and the medical personnel, formulating this way a Body Area Network (BAN). The primary focus of this work is on the intra-BAN data communication issues, adopting SensorML as the data representation mean, including the encoding of the monitoring patterns and the functionality of the sensor network.
Results: In our prototype implementation two sensor nodes are emulated; one for heart rate monitoring and the other for blood glucose observations, while the MBU corresponds to a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) is used to implement both the sensor nodes and the MBU components. Intra-BAN wireless communication relies on the Bluetooth protocol. Via an adaptive user interface in the MBU, Health Professionals may specify the monitoring parameters of the WSN and define the monitoring patterns of interest in terms of rules.
Conclusions: This work constitutes an essential step towards the construction of open, extensible, interoperable and intelligent WSNs for pervasive health monitoring.
This is a advance technology for the checkup of the patient by the doctor. IN this there is a microcontroller whis encode all the sensor data and display on lcd screen and also send to gsm module by this all the pateint psychological data send to mobile in the form of sms .
Gsm based patient monitoring system in nicueSAT Journals
Abstract The project concentrates a selective section of patient monitoring: neonatal care. Several patient monitors are available in the market. Yet it is quite a daunting task in countries with high population like India, because of insufficient resource space availability. It is difficult to keep a track of several patients at a time from both inside and outside hospital premises/medical facility, which includes remote locations. The project involves with sensing the vitals of the newly born babies which are very different when compared to adult patients and transmit these signals to the computer monitor at the nursing station. Also based on the preset threshold values for the recorded values, an alarm system will be introduced with an immediate transfer of the corresponding patient data to the registered medical professional. This paper attempts to design and implement patient monitoring and real time feedback mechanism, equipped with wireless transmission via GSM and Zigbee. Using Zigbee for in-house monitoring and GSM for external correspondence is proposed. The proposed system is likely to be efficient, economical, easy to use, and portable, have wide application potential due to flexibility in the design and software. Keywords: Bio signal Processing, Neonatal, Wireless health monitoring, zigbee, GSM, Wifi, Portable multi parameter health monitor.
Health monitoring system offers a lot of benefits to people life especially for those who have a chronic disease and need daily observation. This health monitoring system will improve quality of life.
An Open And Reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network For Pervasive Health Monit...Andreas Triantafyllidis
Presentation from 2nd International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare 2008 Tampere, Finland. Parts of this work have been published in Methods of Information in Medicine Journal 2008;47(3):229-34 available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473089
Objectives: Sensor networks constitute the backbone for the construction of personalized monitoring systems. Up to now, several sensor networks have been proposed for diverse pervasive healthcare applications, which are however characterized by a significant lack of open architectures, resulting in closed, non-interoperable, and difficult to extend solutions. In this context, we propose an open and reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for pervasive health monitoring, with particular emphasis in its easy extension with additional sensors and functionality by incorporating embedded intelligence mechanisms.
Methods: We consider a generic WSN architecture comprised of diverse sensor nodes (with communication and processing capabilities) and a Mobile Base Unit (MBU) operating as the gateway between the sensors and the medical personnel, formulating this way a Body Area Network (BAN). The primary focus of this work is on the intra-BAN data communication issues, adopting SensorML as the data representation mean, including the encoding of the monitoring patterns and the functionality of the sensor network.
Results: In our prototype implementation two sensor nodes are emulated; one for heart rate monitoring and the other for blood glucose observations, while the MBU corresponds to a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) is used to implement both the sensor nodes and the MBU components. Intra-BAN wireless communication relies on the Bluetooth protocol. Via an adaptive user interface in the MBU, Health Professionals may specify the monitoring parameters of the WSN and define the monitoring patterns of interest in terms of rules.
Conclusions: This work constitutes an essential step towards the construction of open, extensible, interoperable and intelligent WSNs for pervasive health monitoring.
This is a advance technology for the checkup of the patient by the doctor. IN this there is a microcontroller whis encode all the sensor data and display on lcd screen and also send to gsm module by this all the pateint psychological data send to mobile in the form of sms .
Gsm based patient monitoring system in nicueSAT Journals
Abstract The project concentrates a selective section of patient monitoring: neonatal care. Several patient monitors are available in the market. Yet it is quite a daunting task in countries with high population like India, because of insufficient resource space availability. It is difficult to keep a track of several patients at a time from both inside and outside hospital premises/medical facility, which includes remote locations. The project involves with sensing the vitals of the newly born babies which are very different when compared to adult patients and transmit these signals to the computer monitor at the nursing station. Also based on the preset threshold values for the recorded values, an alarm system will be introduced with an immediate transfer of the corresponding patient data to the registered medical professional. This paper attempts to design and implement patient monitoring and real time feedback mechanism, equipped with wireless transmission via GSM and Zigbee. Using Zigbee for in-house monitoring and GSM for external correspondence is proposed. The proposed system is likely to be efficient, economical, easy to use, and portable, have wide application potential due to flexibility in the design and software. Keywords: Bio signal Processing, Neonatal, Wireless health monitoring, zigbee, GSM, Wifi, Portable multi parameter health monitor.
Health monitoring system offers a lot of benefits to people life especially for those who have a chronic disease and need daily observation. This health monitoring system will improve quality of life.
A gsm based intelligent wireless mobile patient monitoring systemeSAT Journals
Abstract Monitoring one’s heart rate and body temperature continuously from a remote area is impossible for a medical expert by using typical monitoring devices. To overcome this problem we can implement a GSM based system using microcontroller and LM35 sensor which is low-cost and use-friendly. Here, a heart beat sensor is used to detect the heart rate and an LM35 sensor to sense the body temperature. These signals are processed by a PIC microcontroller. Then, an SMS alert will be sent to the medical expert by using a GSM module. Thus, doctors can monitor the health condition of a patient continuously from a remote place and can suggest the patient about taking an immediate remedy. As a result, we can save many lives by providing them a quick service using this system. Keywords: Telemedicine, Remote monitoring system, Heart Beat Rate, Body Temperature, Photoplethysmograph, LM35, Microcontroller, GSM Modem etc…
Health Monitoring System of Elderly using Wireless Sensor NetworkIjcatr04031005Editor IJCATR
Wireless-sensor-network-based home monitoring system for elderly activity behaviour involves functional assessment of daily activities. In this paper, we report a mechanism for estimation of elderly well-being condition based on usage of house-hold appliances connected through various sensing units. We define a two new wellness functions to determine the status of the elderly on performing essential daily activities. The modernized system for monitoring and evaluating the essential daily activities was tested at homes for four different elderly persons living alone and the results are encouraging in determining wellness of the elderly.
With rapid development of economies, growth of aging population and the prevalence of chronic diseases across the world, there is an urgent need to find new ways to improve patient outcomes, increase access to care, and reduce the cost of medical care. A health care monitoring system is necessary to constantly monitor patient’s physiological parameters. The tele-medical system focuses on the measurement and evaluation of vital parameters e.g. temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate variability, fall detection etc. This will enable doctors and care givers to observe patients without having to be physically present at their bedside, be it in the hospital or in their home.
BIOMEDICAL PROJECT SYNOPSIS&ABSTRACT: Automatic anesthesia controller using h...ASHOKKUMAR RAMAR
PROJECT CENTER TAMBARAM,PROJECT CENTER GUINDY, PROJECT CENTER PALLAVARAM, PROJECT CENTER VELACHERRY, PROJECT CENTER CHROMPET, PROJECT CENTER VADAPALANI,PROJECT CENTER CHENNAI,
Recently, in many cases, the reason for a patient staying in the hospital is not that he or she actually needs active medical care. Often, the principal reason for a lengthy stay in the hospital is simply continual observation. Therefore, efforts have been made to avoid acute admissions and long lengths of stay in the hospital. In recent years, emergency admissions and long lengths of stay have become extremely costly. So the focus of health policy has shifted away from the provision of reactive, acute care toward preventive care outside the hospital. As models of care are redesigned, health economies are seeking to provide more care outside large acute centers. The drivers for this shift are two-fold; first, there is a quality-of-care issue and second, there is a resource allocation issue. Being cared for in a patient’s own home is a key aim of current U.K. government health policy and that is driven by an imperative to provide better quality care to people without the need to disrupt their lives. Investment in technologies that enable remote monitoring would lead to long-term gains in terms of hospital finances and patient care.
In the last decade the healthcare monitoring systems have drawn considerable attentions of the researchers. The prime goal was to develop a reliable patient monitoring system so that the healthcare professionals can monitor their patients, who are either hospitalized or executing their normal daily life activities. In this work we present a mobile device based wireless healthcare monitoring system that can provide real time online information about physiological conditions of a patient. Our proposed system is designed to measure and monitor important physiological data of a patient in order to accurately describe the status of her/his health and fitness. In addition the proposed system is able to send alarming message about the patient’s critical health data by text messages or by email reports. By using the information contained in the text or e-mail message the healthcare professional can provide necessary medical
advising. The system mainly consists of sensors, the data acquisition unit, microcontroller (i.e., Arduino), and software (i.e., LabVIEW). The patient’s temperature, heart beat rate, muscles, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and ECG data are monitored, displayed, and stored by our system. To ensure reliability and accuracy the proposed system has been field tested. The test results show that our system is able to measure the patient’s physiological data with a very high accuracy.
Patient Monitoring System implementing E-Health Care using RFIDPrince Singh Chauhan
E Health Care ( E Life care) is one of the most focus area of research. To provide robust healthcare services, recognition of patient daily life activities is required. Context information with real-time daily life activities can help in better services, service suggestions, and change in system behavior for better healthcare. Human health, profile, as well as activities are monitored and processed intelligently for better care with low cost.
A gsm based intelligent wireless mobile patient monitoring systemeSAT Journals
Abstract Monitoring one’s heart rate and body temperature continuously from a remote area is impossible for a medical expert by using typical monitoring devices. To overcome this problem we can implement a GSM based system using microcontroller and LM35 sensor which is low-cost and use-friendly. Here, a heart beat sensor is used to detect the heart rate and an LM35 sensor to sense the body temperature. These signals are processed by a PIC microcontroller. Then, an SMS alert will be sent to the medical expert by using a GSM module. Thus, doctors can monitor the health condition of a patient continuously from a remote place and can suggest the patient about taking an immediate remedy. As a result, we can save many lives by providing them a quick service using this system. Keywords: Telemedicine, Remote monitoring system, Heart Beat Rate, Body Temperature, Photoplethysmograph, LM35, Microcontroller, GSM Modem etc…
Health Monitoring System of Elderly using Wireless Sensor NetworkIjcatr04031005Editor IJCATR
Wireless-sensor-network-based home monitoring system for elderly activity behaviour involves functional assessment of daily activities. In this paper, we report a mechanism for estimation of elderly well-being condition based on usage of house-hold appliances connected through various sensing units. We define a two new wellness functions to determine the status of the elderly on performing essential daily activities. The modernized system for monitoring and evaluating the essential daily activities was tested at homes for four different elderly persons living alone and the results are encouraging in determining wellness of the elderly.
With rapid development of economies, growth of aging population and the prevalence of chronic diseases across the world, there is an urgent need to find new ways to improve patient outcomes, increase access to care, and reduce the cost of medical care. A health care monitoring system is necessary to constantly monitor patient’s physiological parameters. The tele-medical system focuses on the measurement and evaluation of vital parameters e.g. temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate variability, fall detection etc. This will enable doctors and care givers to observe patients without having to be physically present at their bedside, be it in the hospital or in their home.
BIOMEDICAL PROJECT SYNOPSIS&ABSTRACT: Automatic anesthesia controller using h...ASHOKKUMAR RAMAR
PROJECT CENTER TAMBARAM,PROJECT CENTER GUINDY, PROJECT CENTER PALLAVARAM, PROJECT CENTER VELACHERRY, PROJECT CENTER CHROMPET, PROJECT CENTER VADAPALANI,PROJECT CENTER CHENNAI,
Recently, in many cases, the reason for a patient staying in the hospital is not that he or she actually needs active medical care. Often, the principal reason for a lengthy stay in the hospital is simply continual observation. Therefore, efforts have been made to avoid acute admissions and long lengths of stay in the hospital. In recent years, emergency admissions and long lengths of stay have become extremely costly. So the focus of health policy has shifted away from the provision of reactive, acute care toward preventive care outside the hospital. As models of care are redesigned, health economies are seeking to provide more care outside large acute centers. The drivers for this shift are two-fold; first, there is a quality-of-care issue and second, there is a resource allocation issue. Being cared for in a patient’s own home is a key aim of current U.K. government health policy and that is driven by an imperative to provide better quality care to people without the need to disrupt their lives. Investment in technologies that enable remote monitoring would lead to long-term gains in terms of hospital finances and patient care.
In the last decade the healthcare monitoring systems have drawn considerable attentions of the researchers. The prime goal was to develop a reliable patient monitoring system so that the healthcare professionals can monitor their patients, who are either hospitalized or executing their normal daily life activities. In this work we present a mobile device based wireless healthcare monitoring system that can provide real time online information about physiological conditions of a patient. Our proposed system is designed to measure and monitor important physiological data of a patient in order to accurately describe the status of her/his health and fitness. In addition the proposed system is able to send alarming message about the patient’s critical health data by text messages or by email reports. By using the information contained in the text or e-mail message the healthcare professional can provide necessary medical
advising. The system mainly consists of sensors, the data acquisition unit, microcontroller (i.e., Arduino), and software (i.e., LabVIEW). The patient’s temperature, heart beat rate, muscles, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and ECG data are monitored, displayed, and stored by our system. To ensure reliability and accuracy the proposed system has been field tested. The test results show that our system is able to measure the patient’s physiological data with a very high accuracy.
Patient Monitoring System implementing E-Health Care using RFIDPrince Singh Chauhan
E Health Care ( E Life care) is one of the most focus area of research. To provide robust healthcare services, recognition of patient daily life activities is required. Context information with real-time daily life activities can help in better services, service suggestions, and change in system behavior for better healthcare. Human health, profile, as well as activities are monitored and processed intelligently for better care with low cost.
Biomedical Parameter Transfer Using Wireless Communicationijsrd.com
In spite of the improvement of communication link and despite all progress in advanced communication technologies, there are still very few functioning commercial wireless monitoring systems, which are most off-line, and there are still a number of issues to deal with. Therefore, there is a strong need for investigating the possibility of design and implementation of an interactive real-time wireless communication system. In this paper, a generic real-time wireless communication system was designed and developed for short and long term remote patient-monitoring applying wireless protocol. The primary function of this system is to monitor the temperature and Heart Beat of the Patient and the Data collected by the sensors are sent to the Microcontroller. The Microcontroller transmits the data over the air. At the receiving end a receiver is used to receive the data and it is decoded and fed to Microcontroller, which is then displayed over the LCD display. If there is a dangerous change in patient's status an alarm is also sounded. The paper deals with the design and development of hardware and software for temperature and heartbeat measurement of a patient over LCD.
A Survey on Agriculture Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor NetworkEditor IJCATR
Wireless sensor network is an autonomous network which consists of resource constraints sensor motes which are used
to capture various events of interest such as temperature, humidity and pressure. These networks are used in many areas like
agriculture monitoring, health care monitoring, forest fire monitoring, environmental monitoring etc. These networks are used to
monitor various agriculture products or various parameters in agriculture such as the quality of fruits, vegetables, the amount of
oxygen and nitrogen required. In this paper we aim to present the existence studies of wireless sensor networks which are used for
agriculture monitoring. We will explain in details the advantages and dis advantages of the existing studies and we present our own
analysis and conclusion.
LAURA - LocAlization and Ubiquitous monitoRing of pAtients for health care su...ANTLab
This works illustrates the LAURA system, which performs localization, tracking and monitoring of patients hosted at nursing institutes by exploiting a wireless sensor network based on the IEEE 801.15.4 (Zigbee) standard. We focus on the indoor personal localization module, which leverages a method based on received signal strength measurements, together with a particle filter to perform tracking of moving patients. We discuss the implementation and dimensioning of the localization and tracking system using commercial hardware, and we test the LAURA system in real environment, both with static and moving patients, achieving an average localization error lower than 2 m in 80% of the cases.
Portable ECG Monitoring System using Lilypad And Mobile Platform-PandaBoardIJSRD
New wireless system for biomedical purposes gives new possibilities for monitoring of essential function in human being. Wearable biomedical sensors will give the patient the freedom to be capable of moving readily and still be under continuously monitoring regularity of heartbeats identify any damage to the heart and devices used to regulate the heart and thereby to better quality of patient care. This paper describes a new concept for wireless and portable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor transmitting signals to a monitoring station at the remote location within specific range, and this concept is intended for monitoring people with impairments in their cardiac activity. The proposed work helps to overcome this problem. With the advancement in Arduino and mobile technology, it is possible to design a portable ECG device which capture ECG of patient and monitor it on mobile platform. This report goes over low power Arduino, mobile platform Panda board and Zigbee technology to couple ECG over mobile board.
Wireless Health Monitoring System Using ZigBeeijbuiiir1
Recent developments in off-the-shelf wireless embedded computing boards and the increasing need for efficient health monitoring systems, fueled by the increasing number of patients, has prompted R&D professionals to explore better health monitoring systems that are both mobile and cheap. This work investigates the feasibility of using the ZigBee embedded technology in health-related monitoring applications. Selected vital signs of patients are acquired using sensor nodes and readings are transmitted wirelessly using devices that utilize the ZigBee communications protocols. A prototype system has been developed and tested with encouraging results
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Low-cost central monitor based personal computer with electrocardiogram and h...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Heart rate signals and electrocardiograms are crucial indicators of a person’s health, particularly for individuals in intensive care units (ICU). The goal of this study is to wirelessly use a central monitoring system to continually and in real-time monitor the electrocardiogram signal and heart rate. The result of this research is that a wireless system can transmit continuous, distant, and real-time electrocardiogram and heart rate readings. Two transmitters and two receivers were used to send the signal in real-time. Lead II was used to capture the electrocardiogram (ECG) data, which was then processed by a microprocessor to determine the heart rate in beats per minute. The XBee Pro wireless was then used to transmit the data to the monitor in the form of an electrocardiogram and heart rate signal. The results of the XBee wireless performance test with statistics for determining heart rate value revealed that there was no discernible difference in the average value at a distance of 8, 10, 25, and 30 meters (P-value > 0.05). According to the study’s findings, wireless transmission is feasible over a limited distance and in real-time. Hospitals can use a central monitor to implement this research.
Real-time Heart Pulse Monitoring Technique Using Wireless Sensor Network and ...IJECEIAES
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for healthcare have emerged in the recent years. Wireless technology has been developed and used widely for different medical fields. This technology provides healthcare services for patients, especially who suffer from chronic diseases. Services such as catering continuous medical monitoring and get rid of disturbance caused by the sensor of instruments. Sensors are connected to a patient by wires and become bed-bound that less from the mobility of the patient. In this paper, proposed a real-time heart pulse monitoring system via conducted an electronic circuit architecture to measure Heart Pulse (HP) for patients and display heart pulse measuring via smartphone and computer over the network in real-time settings. In HP measuring application standpoint, using sensor technology to observe heart pulse by bringing the fingerprint to the sensor via used Arduino microcontroller with Ethernet shield to connect heart pulse circuit to the internet and send results to the web server and receive it anywhere. The proposed system provided the usability by the user (userfriendly) not only by the specialist. Also, it offered speed andresults accuracy, the highest availability with the user on an ongoing basis, and few cost.
ICU remains for Intensive Care Unit, a place in the recuperating office where wiped out patients are checked eagerly. Commonly, the patient-staff extent is low and the LIFE-SAVING EQUIPMENT used is outstandingly bleeding edge Generally ICU is a healing facility for course of action of genuine nursing and remedial consideration of essentially wiped out patients, depicted by high bore and measure of unending nursing and restorative supervision and by use of cutting edge checking and resuscitative equipment The patients in the ICU require a predictable seeing of their Temperature and pulse circulatory strain. This undertaking is a working model, which wires sensors to evaluate imperative parameters specifically the Temperature, Respiratory temperature and Heart Beat. The sensors are interfaced to PC, with the objective that the condition of a patient can be explored by masters in any bit of the center wherever they are. At whatever point there is a variety from the standard felt by the patient, the particular patient will give an alert movement, by which the pro can race to the patient. Despite when the patient is in a careless condition, each one of the parameters will be identified and pro will be admonished, thusly it diminishes master's remaining task at hand and besides gives more correct results .Our endeavor is a working model which wires sensors to measure each one of these parameters like body temperature, Respiratory Temp and Heart Beat rate and trade it to the PC, with the objective that the patient condition can be examined to by authorities in any bit of the recuperating focus wherever they are. In this way it decreases experts work stack and besides gives more exact results, wherever there is a variety from the standard felt by the patient, we have in like manner combined saline watching system which gives an alert when the saline container going to cleanse.
Implementation Of Real Time IoT Based Health monitoring systemkchakrireddy
The main aim of this project is to interconnect the available medical resources and offer smart, reliable, and effective healthcare service to elderly people. Health monitoring for active and assisted living is one of the paradigms that can use the IOT advantages to improve the elderly lifestyle in this project we present an IOT architecture customized for healthcare applications. The proposed architecture collects the data and relays it to the cloud where it is processed and analyzed. Feedback actions based on the analyzed data can be sent back to the user.
A remote patient monitoring based on WBAN implementation with internet of thi...journalBEEI
A healthcare employment is the mainly domain in emergent technology of WBAN, and an e-health system created of cloud computing in addition to a WSN considers an important part of this field. An implementation of remotely system for monitoring the patient's vital signs require continuous observation to form low-cost networks with the ability of portability and flexibility and may be applied with separate position and long-term intensive care of peoples in the absence of disturbance of their everyday activities. The patient carries body sensor's patches to get transmitted vital signs continuously to the cloud environment, and a website is designed for presenting and analyzing the data based on designed algorithm. A comparison is made every received measurement with a that stored in the algorithm. In remote specialist care, the execution of confidence and confidentiality conservation is critical, as essential restrictions were being communicating with remote locations. To ensure reliability, the implemented system offers real time monitoring and certification to the patient's condition by means of a medical record, with rapid medical data delivery to the medical staff and can also increase the service delivery ratio of hospital capacity and monitoring of large number of patients with concentrated average delay.
Internet of things based electrocardiogram monitoring system using machine l...IJECEIAES
In Bangladesh’s rural regions, almost 30% of the population lives in poverty. Rural residents also have restricted access to nursing and diagnostic services due to obsolete healthcare infrastructure. Consequently, as cardiac failure occurs, they usually fail to call the services and adopt the facilities. The internet of things (IoT) offers a massive advantage in addressing cardiac problems. This study proposed a smart IoT-based electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system for heart patients. The system is divided into several parts: ECG sensing network (data acquisition), IoT cloud (data transmission), result analysis (data prediction) and monetization. P, Q, R, S, and T are ECG signal properties fetched, pre-processed, analyzed and predicted to age level for future health management. ECG data are saved in the cloud and accessible via message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) servers. The linear regression method is utilized to determine the impact of electrocardiogram signal characteristics and error rate. The prediction was made to see how much variation there was in PQRST regularity and its sufficiency to be utilized in an ECG monitoring device. Recognizing the quality parameter values, acceptable outcomes are achieved. The proposed system will diminish future medical costs and difficulties for heart patients.
Transmission of arm based real time ecg for monitoring remotely located patienteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
2 pf implementation of wireless body area network ed iqbal qcIAESIJEECS
Patients in hospitals have issue with health instrumentality that's connected with wires to their body. Wired health instrumentality restricts the quality of the patient. Moreover, health caretaker’s area unit compelled to work the instrumentality and take the measurements. Hence, wireless observance of patient is incredibly effective resolution thereto drawback. The most target of this study was to analysis the present trend and prospect of wireless observance of patients within the hospitals. This study conjointly aims to create the epitome system to implement wireless observance. Additionally to that, this thesis conjointly studies most fitted technique for building the foremost effective wireless observance system. The sensing element nodes and receiver of the epitome were designed. Golem phone was used as entranceway to receive the information from sensing element node and forward the information into receiver. Bluetooth Low energy was wont to communicate between sensing element nodes and golem phone. LAN is employed to speak between golem phone and also the receiver that is connected to laptop. The sensing element readings were initially ascertained in Arduino Serial Monitor so sent to sink node. The sensing element readings of a body were displayed in golem phone and yet as within the web site. Real time information of sensing element was created and with success updated within the web site. The study of results and project showed that wireless observance would be terribly effective by exploitation Interference free, short vary and extremely secure suggests that of communication. Bluetooth low energy that is appropriate choice for the system. Style of sensing element nodes ought to be terribly tiny as a result of it's to be worn round the body. Therefore smaller parts ought to be used.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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"Heart failure is a typical clinical accompanied by symptoms syndrome (e.g. shortness of breath, ankle swelling and fatigue) that lead to structural or functional abnormalities of the heart (e.g. high venous pressure, pulmonary edema and peripheral edema).
In recent years, the significant role of B-type natriuretic peptide has been revealed in the pathogenesis of heart disease and the use of the drug sacubitril/valsartan has started. It has a positive effect on the regulation of the level of B-type natriuretic peptide in the body. It is obviously seen from the the world literature that natriuretic peptides play an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. For this reason, many studies suggest that the importance of natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure is recommended.
Due to this, we tried to investigate the effects of a comprehensive medication therapy with a combination of sacubitril/valsartan in the patients with chronic heart failure."
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Wireless Patient Monitoring System
1. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 8, August 2013
www.ijsr.net
Wireless Patient Monitoring System
N. M. Z. Hashim1
, M. S. Sizali2
1, 2
Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
Abstract: The development of wireless patient monitoring system has been quite intensive in the past decade. Hence, in the present
study, a new approach of wireless patient monitoring system was proposed as a prototype to minimize the power consumption and the
costing issue. Visual Basic Net. 2010 as the software and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) 16F877 microcontroller as the hardware
circuit were used to implement the system. The communication between the hardware and software systems is in the full duplex
communication via the XBee modules happened. The results show that XBee module is successfully communicated with the whole
system and the monitoring software is in the best condition to be implemented. Since the prototype using variable voltage, good
comparison with the experimental and previous studies shows that the present study can be improved by using the real ECG machine so
that the system can be ready to the real user.
Keywords: Full Duplex, Microcontroller, Wireless Monitoring System, Zigbee
1. Introduction
The Zigbee is a short ranged communication protocol with a
reliable, cost effective, low power, and wirelessly connected
product in monitoring and control applications which are
based on an open global standard. The Zigbee protocol is
based on the IEEE 802.11.4 standard for wireless home area
networks. The IEEE 802.11.4 standard specifies the bottom
two layers of the Zigbee protocol. Due to fast
communication, easy to operate and low cost the Zigbee is
became the choice for implementing the present wireless
study. The wireless patient monitoring system monitors the
patients 24 hours daily by using computers so that the
immediate action can be taken to help the patient. In the
normal practice, Electrocardiography (ECG) machine will be
used to record and send the patients’ heart beat rate data to
the computer. In this study, a dedicated machine will be
considered as a normal ECG in order to get the heart beat
rate data. A variable voltage will be designed by using PIC
16F877A microcontroller as a reading of the patients’ heart
beat rate according to the amount of given voltage.
Lack number of doctor is the major problem in most of the
hospitals. Furthermore a significant difference between the
doctor and patient ratio specifically in Malaysia is quite high
[1]. The recent experimental knowledge by B. Priya et al.
reported details experimental results on the Remote Wireless
Health Monitoring Systems [2] used Short Message System
(SMS) via Global System for Mobile (GSM) for transmitting
the patients’ information to predefined mobile number. The
output data from the sensors are converted to digital form
and the data is read by a Basic Stamp microcontroller which
does some processing and was sent through the serial port to
the Visual Basic data processing software. Critical values of
the measured data can be set and Visual Basic will initiate
the communication unit to send SMS to the predefined
mobile number.
Other experimental work is Ashwin K. Whitchurch et al.
reported in the Wireless Remote Point of Care Patient
Monitoring System [3]. The study designed and developed
wireless data acquisition from eight patient-worn sensors.
This system used Bluetooth technology for communication
with a home based monitor which in turn relays this data to
the remote healthcare facility using the internet. A few
sensors are connected to demonstrate the concept of remote
patient monitoring. The system is a Bluetooth enable device
based on a Single Board Computer (SBC) running embedded
Linux and built around an ARM processor. The data from
the patient will be monitored in PC. Xiaoxin Xu Mingguang
Wu et al. reported in the Outdoor Wireless Healthcare
Monitoring System for Hospital Patients based on Zigbee [4]
that the Zigbee-compliant WSN platforms outdoor wireless
healthcare monitoring system for hospital patients provides a
unique opportunities for sensing physical environment of our
daily lives.Lew C. K. and M. Moghavvemi reported through
the study of A Simple And Low-Cost Remote Heart Rate
Monitoring System, To a Patient [5], which used a portable
transmitter, carried by the moving patient send the ECG data
to the receiver. It is formed by the front-end module and the
FM transmitter. The front-end module is used for ECG wave
form detection from a patient’s body and signal conditioning.
The transmitted signal is received by an FM radio. Two PIC
16F877 microcontroller are programmed for heart rate
counting and ECG waveform display. Therefore, two
software in Visual Basic language are also developed in
order to display the heart rate and the ECG waveform on the
computer screening.
Hassinen Marko and Marttila-Kontio Maija reported in the
Wireless System for Patient Home Monitoring [6] that the
system is managed by wireless data acquisition equipment, a
web camera and a suitable data collector device using a PC.
The measurement devices are connected to the collector
device via Bluetooth. In this system, the data was sent to a
server at hospital via General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
connection or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL).
LabVIEW is used in data acquisition and analyzing, control
and measurement systems for implementing the monitoring
software in this system.
According to all these papers, a convenient wireless patient
monitoring system is prepared to allow the system to be used
in a wide range of area. The efficiency of data transferring
led the Zigbee to be used in this study as to compare to the
other wireless technology. Furthermore, the personalized
Graphical User Interface (GUI) is important for a system to
have for a minimal affect on both the patient and the
measurement result. The continuous effort to develop this
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2. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 8, August 2013
www.ijsr.net
system will be very useful in creating a more promising
system for the patients and also the versatility of this system
could benefit many people. Without a convenient wireless
patient monitoring system, the doctor cannot give full
attention to the patients at all the times. This system enables
the doctors to remotely monitor multiple patients’ condition
simultaneously, whereas the data obtained from the patient
are transferred wirelessly via XBee.
The system development can be divided into three parts. The
first part is developing a program for microcontroller, the
second part is transmitting the data from microcontroller to
the PC using XBee module and the last part is designing the
GUI as the interface for the doctors. The scope of developing
the system included identifying the suitable method that will
be used for designing a pulse which represents the heartbeat.
The system design needs to be controlled wirelessly using
computer based on wireless protocol and suitable GUI for
the user to monitor and save all the data from the patients.
The three objectives for the developing the system are to
study and analyze the microcontroller and visual basic
software in order to embed all these tools in the system.
Secondly is to design a wireless monitoring system using
XBee module that can be easier to monitor the patient at
hospital. The third objective is to design a friendly user GUI
to display the received data as a result of the study.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overall Methodology
The backbone of this study is to develop the hardware and
software with the wireless connection that is Zigbee. The
whole system is shown as Figure 1 below. The system design
begins with a construction of circuit concept including data
acquisition from ECG. In this study, a voltage regulator
circuit is assumed as the patient’s data originally collected
from ECG machine. PIC 16F877 microcontroller [7], [8] and
XBee module are used as the tools for transmitting the data
from transmitter to the receiver. To configure the XBee
modules, X-CTU software is required to be installed.
Figure 1: Block Diagram of the system
The both transmitter and receiver XBee Pro series use the
same installer to be communicated each other successfully.
Data communications between two XBee modules are tested
individually to ensure the functionality by entering a simple
word to be send to the receiver. Data communications of all
the parts involved in this study are tested individually to
ensure the functionality. The focus in hardware part is the
data communication between the PIC 16F877
microcontroller [9] and the XBee module. The next element
to be focused on is the designing the program by using the
Visual Basic Net. 2010. A GUI is designed by using Visual
Basic Net. 2010 for data viewing toll [10]. The overall flow
chart of the study is shown by Figure 2.
Figure 2: Flow Chart of Project Design
2.2. Designing the circuit
In this study, 4 outputs are used which include the Direct
Current (DC) mode. For a DC model, LED will be
represented by the indicator for displaying the patient
condition whether normal or abnormal depends on heart rate
reading from the PIC circuit. In this design, green LED
shows that patient is in normal condition and for yellow LED
shows that the patient is in abnormal low heart rate.
Meanwhile for the red LED, the heart rate is abnormal high.
This system contains a buzzer which will notify the doctor or
nurse when the patient is in abnormal condition. LCD
display will display the heart rate and at the same time it also
shows the patient condition whether normal or abnormal.
The last output as the GUI is to display the heart beat reading
by using Visual Basic Net. 2010.
A few transistors were used to gain the current from
microcontroller in order to support the weak current and
provide a sufficient current to activate the circuit. Further,
diodes also were used to protect the circuit from the high
spike voltage and prevent the alternating current (AC) when
polarity is mounted in the reverse order on the circuit. The
circuit was constructed as in Figure 3 in schematic diagram
using ISIS 7. The circuit will be transferred to ARES 7
before etching process.
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3. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 8, August 2013
www.ijsr.net
Figure 3: End Device Schematic Diagram
Figure 4: PCB Layout
At the wireless part, there are four pins in XBee module that
need to be connected to the microcontroller. These pins are
TX, RX, VDD, and GND pins. All these pins will be the
medium for transmitting and receiving the decoded and
encoded data. VDD is to supply the voltage to power up the
XBee Pro module. To avoid any the XBee Pro module
damage the voltage regulator is used to drop down the
voltage to 3.3V. In this study, PIC 16F877A, a 40-pins PIC
was used to operate the end device system since it has many
ports and most importantly it supports UART features.
Further, this PIC also acts as the heart for end device unit
which execute the command from Visual Basic Net. 2010
through serial port communication. The CPU is clocked at
20MHz for full speed operation.
Figure 5: PCB Layout (top view)
2.3. Logic Level Shifting
In designing the end device circuit, PIC16F877A
microcontroller requires a voltage from 2V to 5.5V to be
operated. Hence, a voltage conversion needs to implement as
to meet this requirement and it can be done by using 7085
voltage regulator IC. This type of regulator converts an input
up to 35V maximum into steady 5V output as shown in
Figure 6. The operation of this voltage regulator was
constructed using Proteus 7.
Figure 6: Logic Level Shifting Connection
The same method goes to the XBee Pro module since it
operates at 3.3V, but the voltage regulator is change to
LM117T voltage regulator IC.
2.4. Wireless Communication Part
The XBee module need to be set before it can be used as
serial communication between hardware and software
connection. This setting requires an installation of X-CTU
software created to configure the XBee module by Digi
Corp. Both XBee and XBee Pro series are using the same
installer. In this software, it has four tabs that have its own
function:
i. PC Settings
Allow user to select the desired COM port and
configure ports to fit the radio settings.
ii. Range Test
Allow user to perform a range test between two radios.
iii. Terminal
Allow access to the computers COM port with a
terminal emulation program.
iv. Modem Configuration
Allow the ability to program the firmware settings via a
graphical user interface.
For the configuration of XBee Pro module, it can be done by
using X-CTU software. The software will automatically
detect an available COM port to the user. By clicking the
“Test/ Query” button the software began to interact with the
module to test the selected COM port. Figure 7 shows the
message box appears if the COM ports are OK.
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4. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 8, August 2013
www.ijsr.net
Figure 7: Message Box for COM Port Testing
At Modem Configuration, the specified information about
the module can be modified according to user desired. To
make a two ways connection between these modules, a few
changes need to be done by modified the selected properties
as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8: Modem Configuration using X-CTU
As in Figure 8, four properties need to be modified in order
to communicate all these modules with each other. The
Destination Address High and Destination Address Low are
set according to the user, as for this project it is set as 0. This
address will be the receiving and transmitting address for the
module. In other way, the both modules need to use the same
address. Basic configuration of a XBee involves setting
XBee module self- address and destination address (the
address of another XBee be transmitted to). Table 1 shows
the basic configuration of two XBee modules (named XBee
#1 and XBee #2) for wireless communication between the
both transmitter and receiver.
Table 1: The Concept Of Setting Basic Configuration Of
Two Xbee Modules For Wireless Communication
XBee #1 XBee #2
Setting self-address as “1111” Setting self-address as “2222”
Setting destination address as
“2222”
Setting destination address as “1111”
As seen from Table 1, it is clear that the destination address
of XBee #1 is set to match self-address of XBee #2 , which is
“2222″ and also the destination address of XBee #2 is set to
match self address of XBee#1, which is “1111″. The address
matching are very important so that XBee #1 and XBee #2
are able to associate with each other successfully to establish
wireless link between them for communication when the
system is powered up. Figure 9 shows the Transmitter and
Receiver Configuration.
Figure 9: Transmitter and Receiver Configuration
The configurations for communication for both XBee are
successfully done as the Figure 10 below.
Figure 10: Transmitter and Receiver Configuration
After all the setting has been made, a testing need to be done
in order to find out if the communication works. Figure 11
shows the transmitting and receiving data works properly.
The blue color represents the transmitting data while the red
color represents the receiving data. Thus, between software
and hardware communication will works properly through
wireless serial communication.
Figure 11: Communication Testing between Transmitter
and Receiver
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5. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 8, August 2013
www.ijsr.net
3. Results, Finding & Discussion
In this project, Visual Basic Net. 2010 software is used for
monitoring, recording and saving all patient data in the PC.
For software design, the GUI display heart rate reading
comes from PIC circuit.
Figure 12: GUI display
Figure 12 shows the GUI for heart beat reading which taken
from PIC circuit wirelessly, e.g. the number of heart beat is
“71” and the patient status is normal. In this system, the
value of heart beat reading is set for three parts, abnormal
low for heart beat from “0” until “60”, normal “61” until
“100” and lastly abnormal high is more than “100”. The GUI
will display the same reading at the LCD from hardware.
Every changing of heart beat reading will update the GUI.
As the result, this system is very effective to monitor all
patients every minute. This system also designs to save all
patient data in the PC. Figure 13 shows the patient data
which save in a PC. This data will be saved in Notepad
format with date, time, patient condition and the reading of
heart beat.
Figure 13: Patient Data Result
4. Conclusions
In this study, the Wireless Patient Monitoring System has
monitored the patient condition especially the heart beat
easily and also increases the efficiency of patient data
monitoring. The data successfully transmitted wirelessly to
the receiver and display the data at the PC. All the hardware
design, data communication between hardware and software,
wireless communication and GUI for the whole system is
successfully function and can be used as a wireless patient
monitoring system using Zigbee as to replace the usage of
Bluetooth and SMS through GSM as the communication
tool. For the future, this project will be improved by using
the real ECG machine as the input reading with the real
sensor e.g. pulse oximeter.
5. Acknowledgement
We are grateful to Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
(UTeM) for their kind help for supplying the electronic
components and giving their laboratory facility to complete
this study.
References
[1] http://www.bharian.com.my/bharian/articles/Satudoktor
untuk400pesakitpada2020/Article/
[2] B. Priya, S.Rajendran, R. Bala and Gobbi, “Remote
Wireless Health Monitoring Systems”, in Conference on
Innovative Technologies In Intelligent Systems and
Industrial Application, 2009.
[3] Ashwin K. Whitchurch, Jose K. Abraham, and Vijay K.
Varadan, Member, IEEE.“Design and Development of a
wireless remote point-of-care patient monitoring
system”, in High Density Electronic Center, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
[4] Xiaoxin Xu Mingguang Wu, Cheng Ding and Bin Sun
Jiangwei Zhang , “Outdoor Wireless Healthcare
Monitoring System for Hospital Patients based on
Zigbee” publish from Department of Control Science &
Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, CHINA.
[5] Lew C. K. and M. Moghavvemi, “Remote Heart Rate
Monitoring System Based on Electrocardiography” 2002
Student Conference on Research and Development
Proceedings, Shah Alam, Malaysia, 2002
[6] Hassinen Marko, Marttila-Kontio Maija “Wireless
System for Patient Home Monitoring”, Department of
Computer Science University of Kuipio, Kuipio,
Finland.
[7] http://www.microcontrollerboard.com/pic_memory_org
anization.html, “PIC 16F87XA Memory Organization
Tutorial”
[8] ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/39582b.
pdf, “MICROCHIP PIC16F87XA Data Sheet, 28/40/44-
Pin Enhanced Flash Microcontrollers”, 2008
[9] N. M. Z. Hashim, A. S. Jaafar, N. A. Ali, L. Salahuddin,
N. R. Mohamad, “Traffic Light Control System for
Emergency Vehicles Using Radio Frequency”, IOSR
Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) Vol. 3, Issue 7, pp
43-52, 2013.
[10]N. M. Z. Hashim, N. A. Ali, A. S. Jaafar , N. R.
Mohamad, L. Salahuddin, N. A. Ishak, “Smart Ordering
System via Bluetooth”, International Journal of
Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) – volume 4
Issue 7, pp. 2253-2256, 2013.
Author Profile
N.M.Z Hashim received the B.Eng. and M.Eng.
degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from
University of Fukui, Japan in 2006 and 2008,
respectively. From 2008, he worked as Lecturer in
Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia. He is
acting the Head of Department of Computer Engineering
Department. His works are in Signal and Image Processing,
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6. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN: 2319-7064
Volume 2 Issue 8, August 2013
www.ijsr.net
Wavelet Transformation, Communication and Electronic
Engineering. He joined Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers (IEEE), Board of Engineering Malaysia (BEM), Institute
of Engineering Malaysia (IEM), Society of Photo-Optical
Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), International Association of
Computer Science and Information Technology (IACSIT) and
International Association of Engineers (IAENG) as member.
M. S. Sizali received the B. Eng degree in Electronic
Engineering (Wireless Communication) from
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia in
2013.
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