Abstract Monitoring one’s heart rate and body temperature continuously from a remote area is impossible for a medical expert by using typical monitoring devices. To overcome this problem we can implement a GSM based system using microcontroller and LM35 sensor which is low-cost and use-friendly. Here, a heart beat sensor is used to detect the heart rate and an LM35 sensor to sense the body temperature. These signals are processed by a PIC microcontroller. Then, an SMS alert will be sent to the medical expert by using a GSM module. Thus, doctors can monitor the health condition of a patient continuously from a remote place and can suggest the patient about taking an immediate remedy. As a result, we can save many lives by providing them a quick service using this system. Keywords: Telemedicine, Remote monitoring system, Heart Beat Rate, Body Temperature, Photoplethysmograph, LM35, Microcontroller, GSM Modem etc…
An Open And Reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network For Pervasive Health Monit...Andreas Triantafyllidis
Presentation from 2nd International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare 2008 Tampere, Finland. Parts of this work have been published in Methods of Information in Medicine Journal 2008;47(3):229-34 available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473089
Objectives: Sensor networks constitute the backbone for the construction of personalized monitoring systems. Up to now, several sensor networks have been proposed for diverse pervasive healthcare applications, which are however characterized by a significant lack of open architectures, resulting in closed, non-interoperable, and difficult to extend solutions. In this context, we propose an open and reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for pervasive health monitoring, with particular emphasis in its easy extension with additional sensors and functionality by incorporating embedded intelligence mechanisms.
Methods: We consider a generic WSN architecture comprised of diverse sensor nodes (with communication and processing capabilities) and a Mobile Base Unit (MBU) operating as the gateway between the sensors and the medical personnel, formulating this way a Body Area Network (BAN). The primary focus of this work is on the intra-BAN data communication issues, adopting SensorML as the data representation mean, including the encoding of the monitoring patterns and the functionality of the sensor network.
Results: In our prototype implementation two sensor nodes are emulated; one for heart rate monitoring and the other for blood glucose observations, while the MBU corresponds to a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) is used to implement both the sensor nodes and the MBU components. Intra-BAN wireless communication relies on the Bluetooth protocol. Via an adaptive user interface in the MBU, Health Professionals may specify the monitoring parameters of the WSN and define the monitoring patterns of interest in terms of rules.
Conclusions: This work constitutes an essential step towards the construction of open, extensible, interoperable and intelligent WSNs for pervasive health monitoring.
Gsm based patient monitoring system in nicueSAT Journals
Abstract The project concentrates a selective section of patient monitoring: neonatal care. Several patient monitors are available in the market. Yet it is quite a daunting task in countries with high population like India, because of insufficient resource space availability. It is difficult to keep a track of several patients at a time from both inside and outside hospital premises/medical facility, which includes remote locations. The project involves with sensing the vitals of the newly born babies which are very different when compared to adult patients and transmit these signals to the computer monitor at the nursing station. Also based on the preset threshold values for the recorded values, an alarm system will be introduced with an immediate transfer of the corresponding patient data to the registered medical professional. This paper attempts to design and implement patient monitoring and real time feedback mechanism, equipped with wireless transmission via GSM and Zigbee. Using Zigbee for in-house monitoring and GSM for external correspondence is proposed. The proposed system is likely to be efficient, economical, easy to use, and portable, have wide application potential due to flexibility in the design and software. Keywords: Bio signal Processing, Neonatal, Wireless health monitoring, zigbee, GSM, Wifi, Portable multi parameter health monitor.
The development of wireless patient monitoring system has been quite intensive in the past decade. Hence, in the present study, a new approach of wireless patient monitoring system was proposed as a prototype to minimize the power consumption and the costing issue. Visual Basic Net. 2010 as the software and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) 16F877 microcontroller as the hardware circuit were used to implement the system. The communication between the hardware and software systems is in the full duplex communication via the XBee modules happened. The results show that XBee module is successfully communicated with the whole system and the monitoring software is in the best condition to be implemented. Since the prototype using variable voltage, good comparison with the experimental and previous studies shows that the present study can be improved by using the real ECG machine so that the system can be ready to the real user.
Health monitoring system offers a lot of benefits to people life especially for those who have a chronic disease and need daily observation. This health monitoring system will improve quality of life.
An Open And Reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network For Pervasive Health Monit...Andreas Triantafyllidis
Presentation from 2nd International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare 2008 Tampere, Finland. Parts of this work have been published in Methods of Information in Medicine Journal 2008;47(3):229-34 available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473089
Objectives: Sensor networks constitute the backbone for the construction of personalized monitoring systems. Up to now, several sensor networks have been proposed for diverse pervasive healthcare applications, which are however characterized by a significant lack of open architectures, resulting in closed, non-interoperable, and difficult to extend solutions. In this context, we propose an open and reconfigurable Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for pervasive health monitoring, with particular emphasis in its easy extension with additional sensors and functionality by incorporating embedded intelligence mechanisms.
Methods: We consider a generic WSN architecture comprised of diverse sensor nodes (with communication and processing capabilities) and a Mobile Base Unit (MBU) operating as the gateway between the sensors and the medical personnel, formulating this way a Body Area Network (BAN). The primary focus of this work is on the intra-BAN data communication issues, adopting SensorML as the data representation mean, including the encoding of the monitoring patterns and the functionality of the sensor network.
Results: In our prototype implementation two sensor nodes are emulated; one for heart rate monitoring and the other for blood glucose observations, while the MBU corresponds to a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device. Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) is used to implement both the sensor nodes and the MBU components. Intra-BAN wireless communication relies on the Bluetooth protocol. Via an adaptive user interface in the MBU, Health Professionals may specify the monitoring parameters of the WSN and define the monitoring patterns of interest in terms of rules.
Conclusions: This work constitutes an essential step towards the construction of open, extensible, interoperable and intelligent WSNs for pervasive health monitoring.
Gsm based patient monitoring system in nicueSAT Journals
Abstract The project concentrates a selective section of patient monitoring: neonatal care. Several patient monitors are available in the market. Yet it is quite a daunting task in countries with high population like India, because of insufficient resource space availability. It is difficult to keep a track of several patients at a time from both inside and outside hospital premises/medical facility, which includes remote locations. The project involves with sensing the vitals of the newly born babies which are very different when compared to adult patients and transmit these signals to the computer monitor at the nursing station. Also based on the preset threshold values for the recorded values, an alarm system will be introduced with an immediate transfer of the corresponding patient data to the registered medical professional. This paper attempts to design and implement patient monitoring and real time feedback mechanism, equipped with wireless transmission via GSM and Zigbee. Using Zigbee for in-house monitoring and GSM for external correspondence is proposed. The proposed system is likely to be efficient, economical, easy to use, and portable, have wide application potential due to flexibility in the design and software. Keywords: Bio signal Processing, Neonatal, Wireless health monitoring, zigbee, GSM, Wifi, Portable multi parameter health monitor.
The development of wireless patient monitoring system has been quite intensive in the past decade. Hence, in the present study, a new approach of wireless patient monitoring system was proposed as a prototype to minimize the power consumption and the costing issue. Visual Basic Net. 2010 as the software and Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) 16F877 microcontroller as the hardware circuit were used to implement the system. The communication between the hardware and software systems is in the full duplex communication via the XBee modules happened. The results show that XBee module is successfully communicated with the whole system and the monitoring software is in the best condition to be implemented. Since the prototype using variable voltage, good comparison with the experimental and previous studies shows that the present study can be improved by using the real ECG machine so that the system can be ready to the real user.
Health monitoring system offers a lot of benefits to people life especially for those who have a chronic disease and need daily observation. This health monitoring system will improve quality of life.
We always prefer an unobtrusive continuous health monitoring system in the home for the purpose of assessing early health changes. Identification followed by assessment of the health issues at early stages of health disorder provides a window of opportunity for curing the issues before they become lethal. This presentation discusses various Artificial Intelligence techniques which can be used in this regard.
In the last decade the healthcare monitoring systems have drawn considerable attentions of the researchers. The prime goal was to develop a reliable patient monitoring system so that the healthcare professionals can monitor their patients, who are either hospitalized or executing their normal daily life activities. In this work we present a mobile device based wireless healthcare monitoring system that can provide real time online information about physiological conditions of a patient. Our proposed system is designed to measure and monitor important physiological data of a patient in order to accurately describe the status of her/his health and fitness. In addition the proposed system is able to send alarming message about the patient’s critical health data by text messages or by email reports. By using the information contained in the text or e-mail message the healthcare professional can provide necessary medical
advising. The system mainly consists of sensors, the data acquisition unit, microcontroller (i.e., Arduino), and software (i.e., LabVIEW). The patient’s temperature, heart beat rate, muscles, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and ECG data are monitored, displayed, and stored by our system. To ensure reliability and accuracy the proposed system has been field tested. The test results show that our system is able to measure the patient’s physiological data with a very high accuracy.
This is a advance technology for the checkup of the patient by the doctor. IN this there is a microcontroller whis encode all the sensor data and display on lcd screen and also send to gsm module by this all the pateint psychological data send to mobile in the form of sms .
Health Monitoring System of Elderly using Wireless Sensor NetworkIjcatr04031005Editor IJCATR
Wireless-sensor-network-based home monitoring system for elderly activity behaviour involves functional assessment of daily activities. In this paper, we report a mechanism for estimation of elderly well-being condition based on usage of house-hold appliances connected through various sensing units. We define a two new wellness functions to determine the status of the elderly on performing essential daily activities. The modernized system for monitoring and evaluating the essential daily activities was tested at homes for four different elderly persons living alone and the results are encouraging in determining wellness of the elderly.
During treatment, it is highly important to continuously monitor the vital physiological signs of the patient. Therefore , patient monitoring systems has always been occupying a very important position in the field of medical devices.
The continuous improvement of technologies not only helps us transmit the vital physiological signs to the medical personnel but also simplifies the measurement and as a result raises the monitoring efficiency of patients.
With rapid development of economies, growth of aging population and the prevalence of chronic diseases across the world, there is an urgent need to find new ways to improve patient outcomes, increase access to care, and reduce the cost of medical care. A health care monitoring system is necessary to constantly monitor patient’s physiological parameters. The tele-medical system focuses on the measurement and evaluation of vital parameters e.g. temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate variability, fall detection etc. This will enable doctors and care givers to observe patients without having to be physically present at their bedside, be it in the hospital or in their home.
The propose system gives us the development of a Raspberry Pi based system for Wireless heartbeat, temperature monitoring, eye monitoring for coma patient, saline level Detector. That will easily provide real time information available for many users and can send them alert in critical conditions over Internet. In India many patients are dying because of heart attacks and reason behind this factor is that they are not getting proper help during the period. To give them timely and proper help first want to continuous monitoring of patient health. The fixed monitoring system can be used only when the patient is lying on bed and these systems are huge and only available in the hospitals in ICU. The system is developed for home use by patients that are not in a critical condition but need to be timely monitored by doctor or family. In any critical condition the Mail is send to the doctor or any family member. So that it easily save many lives by providing them quick service. Nakul S. Palkhede | Sachin D. Mali | Prof. Manisha S. Shelar"IoT Based Patient Monitoring" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14216.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/14216/iot-based-patient-monitoring/nakul-s-palkhede
Recently, in many cases, the reason for a patient staying in the hospital is not that he or she actually needs active medical care. Often, the principal reason for a lengthy stay in the hospital is simply continual observation. Therefore, efforts have been made to avoid acute admissions and long lengths of stay in the hospital. In recent years, emergency admissions and long lengths of stay have become extremely costly. So the focus of health policy has shifted away from the provision of reactive, acute care toward preventive care outside the hospital. As models of care are redesigned, health economies are seeking to provide more care outside large acute centers. The drivers for this shift are two-fold; first, there is a quality-of-care issue and second, there is a resource allocation issue. Being cared for in a patient’s own home is a key aim of current U.K. government health policy and that is driven by an imperative to provide better quality care to people without the need to disrupt their lives. Investment in technologies that enable remote monitoring would lead to long-term gains in terms of hospital finances and patient care.
Its kind of technology to society.
The the project is of a Heart Monitoring Device which keeps a track of your heart beats.
If the person is getting Heart Attack, the device sends a message to pre-coded number(eg. Hospital, Doctor, Relative), so that the person can be treated.
We always prefer an unobtrusive continuous health monitoring system in the home for the purpose of assessing early health changes. Identification followed by assessment of the health issues at early stages of health disorder provides a window of opportunity for curing the issues before they become lethal. This presentation discusses various Artificial Intelligence techniques which can be used in this regard.
In the last decade the healthcare monitoring systems have drawn considerable attentions of the researchers. The prime goal was to develop a reliable patient monitoring system so that the healthcare professionals can monitor their patients, who are either hospitalized or executing their normal daily life activities. In this work we present a mobile device based wireless healthcare monitoring system that can provide real time online information about physiological conditions of a patient. Our proposed system is designed to measure and monitor important physiological data of a patient in order to accurately describe the status of her/his health and fitness. In addition the proposed system is able to send alarming message about the patient’s critical health data by text messages or by email reports. By using the information contained in the text or e-mail message the healthcare professional can provide necessary medical
advising. The system mainly consists of sensors, the data acquisition unit, microcontroller (i.e., Arduino), and software (i.e., LabVIEW). The patient’s temperature, heart beat rate, muscles, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and ECG data are monitored, displayed, and stored by our system. To ensure reliability and accuracy the proposed system has been field tested. The test results show that our system is able to measure the patient’s physiological data with a very high accuracy.
This is a advance technology for the checkup of the patient by the doctor. IN this there is a microcontroller whis encode all the sensor data and display on lcd screen and also send to gsm module by this all the pateint psychological data send to mobile in the form of sms .
Health Monitoring System of Elderly using Wireless Sensor NetworkIjcatr04031005Editor IJCATR
Wireless-sensor-network-based home monitoring system for elderly activity behaviour involves functional assessment of daily activities. In this paper, we report a mechanism for estimation of elderly well-being condition based on usage of house-hold appliances connected through various sensing units. We define a two new wellness functions to determine the status of the elderly on performing essential daily activities. The modernized system for monitoring and evaluating the essential daily activities was tested at homes for four different elderly persons living alone and the results are encouraging in determining wellness of the elderly.
During treatment, it is highly important to continuously monitor the vital physiological signs of the patient. Therefore , patient monitoring systems has always been occupying a very important position in the field of medical devices.
The continuous improvement of technologies not only helps us transmit the vital physiological signs to the medical personnel but also simplifies the measurement and as a result raises the monitoring efficiency of patients.
With rapid development of economies, growth of aging population and the prevalence of chronic diseases across the world, there is an urgent need to find new ways to improve patient outcomes, increase access to care, and reduce the cost of medical care. A health care monitoring system is necessary to constantly monitor patient’s physiological parameters. The tele-medical system focuses on the measurement and evaluation of vital parameters e.g. temperature, electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate variability, fall detection etc. This will enable doctors and care givers to observe patients without having to be physically present at their bedside, be it in the hospital or in their home.
The propose system gives us the development of a Raspberry Pi based system for Wireless heartbeat, temperature monitoring, eye monitoring for coma patient, saline level Detector. That will easily provide real time information available for many users and can send them alert in critical conditions over Internet. In India many patients are dying because of heart attacks and reason behind this factor is that they are not getting proper help during the period. To give them timely and proper help first want to continuous monitoring of patient health. The fixed monitoring system can be used only when the patient is lying on bed and these systems are huge and only available in the hospitals in ICU. The system is developed for home use by patients that are not in a critical condition but need to be timely monitored by doctor or family. In any critical condition the Mail is send to the doctor or any family member. So that it easily save many lives by providing them quick service. Nakul S. Palkhede | Sachin D. Mali | Prof. Manisha S. Shelar"IoT Based Patient Monitoring" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14216.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/14216/iot-based-patient-monitoring/nakul-s-palkhede
Recently, in many cases, the reason for a patient staying in the hospital is not that he or she actually needs active medical care. Often, the principal reason for a lengthy stay in the hospital is simply continual observation. Therefore, efforts have been made to avoid acute admissions and long lengths of stay in the hospital. In recent years, emergency admissions and long lengths of stay have become extremely costly. So the focus of health policy has shifted away from the provision of reactive, acute care toward preventive care outside the hospital. As models of care are redesigned, health economies are seeking to provide more care outside large acute centers. The drivers for this shift are two-fold; first, there is a quality-of-care issue and second, there is a resource allocation issue. Being cared for in a patient’s own home is a key aim of current U.K. government health policy and that is driven by an imperative to provide better quality care to people without the need to disrupt their lives. Investment in technologies that enable remote monitoring would lead to long-term gains in terms of hospital finances and patient care.
Its kind of technology to society.
The the project is of a Heart Monitoring Device which keeps a track of your heart beats.
If the person is getting Heart Attack, the device sends a message to pre-coded number(eg. Hospital, Doctor, Relative), so that the person can be treated.
Intelligent Healthcare Monitoring in IoTIJAEMSJORNAL
The developing of IoT-based health care systems must ensure and increase the safety of the patients, their quality of life and other health care activities. We may not be aware of the health condition of the patient during the sleeping hours. To overcome this problem. This paper proposes an intelligent healthcare monitoring system which monitors and maintains the patient health condition at regular intervals. The heart rate sensor and temperature sensor would help us analyze the patients’ current health condition. In case of major fluctuations in consecutive intervals a buzzer is run in order to notify the hospital staff and doctors. The monitored details are stored in the cloud "ThingSpeak". The doctor can view the patient health condition using Virtuino simulator. This system would help in reducing the random risks of tracing a patient medical highly. Arduino UNO is used to implement this intelligent healthcare monitoring system.
GSM technology is used to monitor the different parameters of an ICU patient remotely and also control over medicine dosage is provided. Measurements of vital signs and behavioral patterns can be translated into accurate predictors of health risk ,even at an early stage and can be combined with alarm triggering systems in order to initiate the appropriate actions. The conventional methods including wet adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes for HR and HRV, the capnograph device for respiratory status and pulse oximetry for oxyhemoglobin saturation provide excellent signals but are expensive, troublesome and inconvenient. A method to monitor physiological information based on GSM offers a new means for health monitoring. In this paper, we review the latest developments in monitoring and discuss the challenges and future directions for this field.
Smart Phone for Personal Health Care Monitoring Systemijcisjournal
Health is of great concern for everyone. Both investment and efforts on health monitoring, care and maintenance are ever increasing. Smart phones are affordable for every one nowadays. This paper discusses an innovative method ofdesigninga smart phone based health care system which can measure some of the body parameters such as temperature, pulse rate and blood glucose level. The key feature here is to embed the smart phone with required sensors, process their data, store in the memory.Further, these data can be transmitted to a doctor or hospital authority for future references using an application designed in the same smart phone. The system can be used to suggest some precautions and also remedies for the user, if these body parameters are outside the normal range. This makes the smart phone really the smartest.
SMART PHONE FOR PERSONAL HEALTH CARE MONITORING SYSTEMijics
Health is of great concern for everyone. Both investment and efforts on health monitoring, care and maintenance are ever increasing. Smart phones are affordable for every one nowadays. This paper discusses an innovative method ofdesigninga smart phone based health care system which can measure some of the body parameters such as temperature, pulse rate and blood glucose level. The key
feature here is to embed the smart phone with required sensors, process their data, store in the memory.
Further, these data can be transmitted to a doctor or hospital authority for future references using an
application designed in the same smart phone. The system can be used to suggest some precautions and
also remedies for the user, if these body parameters are outside the normal range. This makes the smart phone really the smartest.
Health is of great concern for everyone. Both investment and efforts on health monitoring, care and
maintenance are ever increasing. Smart phones are affordable for every one nowadays.
This paper discusses an innovative method ofdesigninga smart phone based health care system which can
measure some of the body parameters such as temperature, pulse rate and blood glucose level. The key
feature here is to embed the smart phone with required sensors, process their data, store in the memory.
Further, these data can be transmitted to a doctor or hospital authority for future references using an
application designed in the same smart phone. The system can be used to suggest some precautions and
also remedies for the user, if these body parameters are outside the normal range. This makes the smart
phone really the smartest.
mHEALTH: REVIEW OF MOBILE HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEMSIAEME Publication
With rise in world population, cost of healthcare also increased rapidly which led to the demand of low cost health monitoring solutions. In recent times, non-invasive wearable sensors have played an important role in healthcare applications. With advancement in wireless communication technologies, ubiquitous computing and embedded systems, the sensors need not be invasive anymore to accurately monitor a patient's health status, rather can be managed by user itself so as to keep a record of one's health condition. The advancement of healthcare technologies has enabled patients to monitor their vital health parameters on their own, and saves them from regular tiring hospital visits & high cost of laboratory medical checkups. It has also reduced the burden of healthcare service providers, thereby reducing overall medical costs. This paper provides a review of current status of mobile healthcare applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Body Temperature & Blood Pressure Remote MonitoringIJMTST Journal
In this paper we present an electronic system to perform a non-invasive measurement of the blood pressure based on the oscillometric method, which does not suffer from the limitations of the well-known auscultatory one. With reference to other similar devices, a great improvement of our measurement system is achieved since it performs the transmission of the systolic and diastolic pressure values to a remote computer. This aspect is very important when the simultaneous monitoring of multi-patients is required. Blood pressure readings with help of developed algorithm has been calculated and transmitted via Bluetooth kit to the stationary computer. Numerical reading values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure remotely recorded and displayed with help of LCD as well stationary computer.
A Low Cost Wearable Medical Device for Vital Signs Monitoring in Low-Resource...IJECEIAES
Medical devices are often expensive, so people in low-income countries cannot afford them. This paper presents the design of a low-cost wearable medical device to measure vital signs of a patient including heart rate, blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2) and respiratory rate. The wearable medical device mainly consists of a microcontroller and two biomedical sensors including airflow thermal sensor to measure respiratory rate and pulse oximeter sensor to measure SpO2 and heart rate. We can monitor the vital signs from a smartphone using a web browser through IEEE802.11 wireless connectivity to the wearable medical device. Furthermore, the wearable medical device requires simple management to operate; hence, it can be easily used. Performance evaluation results show that the designed wearable medical device works as good as a standard SpO2 device and it can measure the respiratory rate properly. The designed wearable medical device is inexpensive and appropriate for low-resource settings. Moreover, as its components are commonly available in the market, it easy to assembly and repair locally.
Home Care Heart Diagnosis and Measurement of Biological Signals Using Intelli...ijsrd.com
the importance behind this work is the development of intelligent, accurate diagnosis of heart rate using blood pressure. BP is the parameter which does not abide by a single range, but it depends upon the factors like age, family history. By using blood pressure system, heart rate of a person is measured. At the present situation the mortality rate has been increased due to rise in blood pressure and heart malfunctions. A Biosensor is used in forth to detect the range of heart rate. Intelligent system used here is fuzzy system which takes age, gender, BMI for the verification. Lab view is other end of the project which is used to connect the hardware to show the progress of measurement. Parameters such as Smoke detection, Temperature measurement, unauthorized entry were are included for additional facilities.
IOT Based Patient Health Monitoring System Using WIFIijtsrd
Health is given the extreme importance now a days by each country with the advent of the novel corona virus. So in this aspect, an IOT based patient health monitoring system is the best solution for such an epidemic. With an improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been attempts to utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human life. As a result, this project is an attempt to solve a health care problem currently society is facing covid 19.The main objective of the project was to design for to reduce the corona virus, reduce the components and man power. The framework can be utilized to constantly screen the wellbeing parameters of a patient. The body temperature, heart rate and spo2 can be measured from anyplace on the globe utilizing IOT Internet of Things . IOT monitoring of health helps in preventing the spread of disease as well as to get a proper diagnosis of the state of health, even if the doctor is at far distance. We proposed a nonstop checking and control instrument to screen the patient condition and store the patient information’s in server utilizing Wi Fi Module based remote correspondence. Hence the proposed architecture collects the sensor data through ESP32 microcontroller and relays it to the WIFI where it is processed and analyzed for remote viewing. Feedback actions based on the analyzed data can be sent back to the doctor or guardian through Google sheet and or SMS alerts in case of any emergencies. Marupuri Usha Priya | Muthu Pandi K | Priya S | Dr. Kishore Kumar Arjunsingh "IOT Based Patient Health Monitoring System Using WIFI" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45143.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/45143/iot-based-patient-health-monitoring-system-using-wifi/marupuri-usha-priya
Real Time Health Monitoring System: A Reviewijtsrd
Generally in critical case patients are supposed to be monitored continuously for their heart rate, oxygen saturation level, blood pressure, body temperature, pulse-oximetry (SPO2) and ECG etc. In the previous methods, the doctors need to be present physically on sight, so that the real time health monitoring system is used every field such as hospital, home care unit, sports using wireless sensor network. This health monitoring system use for chronicle diseases patients who have daily check-up. So, researchers design a system as portable device. Researcher designed different health monitoring system based on requirement. Different platform like Microcontroller, ASIC, PIC microcontroller and embedded systems are used to design the system based on this performance and in the recent years cloud based e-healthcare systems have emerged. In future FPGA based or using IoT we can develop a system which will help to monitor different health parameters. Ajinkya Anant Bandegiri | Pradip Chandrakant Bhaskar"Real Time Health Monitoring System: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7092.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/7092/real-time-health-monitoring-system-a-review/ajinkya-anant-bandegiri
A gsm enabled real time simulated heart rate monitoring & control systemeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The epidemic growth of wireless technology and mobile services in this epoch is creating a great impact on our life style. Some early efforts have been taken to utilize these technologies in medical industry. In this field, ECG sensor based advanced wireless patient monitoring system concept is a new innovative idea. This system aims to provide health care to the patient. We have sensed the patient’s ECG through 3 lead electrode system via AD8232 which amplifies minor and small bio-signals to the arduino which processes them, along with saline level. Saline level is detected through IR sensors. The output of the electrical pulse is shown with the serial monitor. The saline level is indicated by LCD. The major output ECG analog signal is displayed on serial plotter. The outputs are displayed through mobile application.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Student information management system project report ii.pdf
A gsm based intelligent wireless mobile patient monitoring system
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 139
A GSM BASED INTELLIGENT WIRELESS MOBILE PATIENT
MONITORING SYSTEM
Shahin Mahmud1
, Md Morshed Alam2
, Joynal Abedin3
, Saikat Roy4
1
Teaching Assistant, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
2
Lecturer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
3
Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
4
Lecturer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Abstract
Monitoring one’s heart rate and body temperature continuously from a remote area is impossible for a medical expert by using
typical monitoring devices. To overcome this problem we can implement a GSM based system using microcontroller and LM35
sensor which is low-cost and use-friendly. Here, a heart beat sensor is used to detect the heart rate and an LM35 sensor to sense
the body temperature. These signals are processed by a PIC microcontroller. Then, an SMS alert will be sent to the medical
expert by using a GSM module. Thus, doctors can monitor the health condition of a patient continuously from a remote place and
can suggest the patient about taking an immediate remedy. As a result, we can save many lives by providing them a quick service
using this system.
Keywords: Telemedicine, Remote monitoring system, Heart Beat Rate, Body Temperature, Photoplethysmograph,
LM35, Microcontroller, GSM Modem etc…
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The prime reason of death for men and women in many
countries is heart diseases. Among them, heart attack,
coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and
congenital heart disease are the vital one, especially the
countries like Bangladesh. The elderly persons who are in
need to be monitored 24 hours a day are very much affected
by the heart disease problems. Most of the time, they live
alone and nobody wants to take care of them continuously.
Moreover, the healthcare providing services of remote areas
of many countries have not destined to an appreciate level.
Considering all these circumstances in mind, a mobile
monitoring system can be designed and implemented to
accomplish the transmission of temperature and heart rate
signal of a patient which employs Short Message Service
accompanied by low cost hardware equipments. The special
feature of this system is that it can display the measured
value in LCD display besides measuring the heart rate and
body temperature. Hence, a patient can easily measure his /
her Heart Rate and Body Temperature by himself / herself.
Here, a Heart Beat Sensor Circuit is used to sense Heart
Beat and LM35 Temperature Sensor to detect the
temperature of a human body. A PIC microcontroller is used
to interface with heart beat sensor circuit and temperature
sensor. It will collect the desired signals from the system to
process them for getting the output. Then, it will feed the
output signals to a transmitter. A GSM module is used to
transmit the measured value from the microcontroller to the
receiver unit i.e. the medical expert in forms of SMS. If we
consider the terms of cost, settings and time, this system will
be the most effective and profitable one than any other
system currently available in all over the world. Besides,
this system is very much helpful for those patients who live
alone.
2. BACKGROUND STUDY
2.1 Telemedicine
Telemedicine is an example of modern clinical medicine
system where medical information is exchanged by using
the interactive audiovisual media has become one of the
vastly popular systems in all over the world. Its main
purpose is to diagnose the remote medical parameters. It is a
simple system to operate like a conversation of two medical
experts over the telephone. And it also can be a complex one
like using a satellite technology and a real-time conversation
between two experts from different countries through
videoconferencing equipment. Telemedicine is usually
refers to the establishment of a communication and the use
of information technology to exchange the health related
signals. We often mix up the definition of telemedicine and
telehealth with a wrong concept. As like as the definition of
“medicine” and “healthcare”, telemedicine can only be
referred to the application of clinical services. On the other
hand, telehealth refers to clinical and non-clinical services
like medical education, administration, and research.
Telemedicine can be categorized into three main classes.
These are: store-and-forward, mobile monitoring and
interactive services [1]. Here, we dealt with remote
monitoring using mobile phone in our project.
2.2 Remote Monitoring System
Remote monitoring which can also be named as self-
monitoring or testing, gives the opportunity to the medical
professionals to monitor a patient from a remote area by
using several technological equipments. These services can
provide comparatively a better health service within a very
short time and in an effectively low-cost too. So, remote
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 140
monitoring system has no alternative to monitor the
essential parameters of a patient 24 hours a day such as heart
beat, temperature etc. The system has a sensor to sense these
parameters continuously and a transmitter to send a signal to
the expert when those parameters have an abnormal
consequence [2].
2.3 Heart Beat Rate
A pressure wave gets out along the arteries with a velocity
of few meters per seconds when the heart beats which is
faster than the actual flow of blood. One can feel the
pressure wave at the wrist. But the pressure wave can rise up
the volume of blood in the tissues. To detect the change, a
PPG is used [3]. Table 1 represents the range of average
heart beat rate with the change of age of person [4].
Table-1: Average Heart Beat Rate
AGE OF
PERSON
RANGE OF
HEART
RATE
AVERAGE
RATE
0-1 Month 100-180 140
2-3 Month 110-180 145
4-12 Month 80-180 130
1-3 Years 80-160 120
4-5 Years 80-120 100
6-8 Years 70-115 92.5
9-11 Years 60-110 85
12-16 Years 60-110 85
Above 16
Years
60-100 80
2.4 Body Temperature
Body temperature can differ among individuals and slight
variations can depend on the time of the day. This change
can also depend on the activities performed by the human
body and hormones generated.
Fig-1: Variation of Temperature [5].
The above figure shows the changes in body temperature
through the day. As can be seen, body temperature peaks
around the mid day, when the human body is the most active
and plummets during hours of sleep or rest. This was
calculated assuming that daytime is the active half of the
day.
Despite such variations, human body has a mean
temperature. The mean temperature is 98.6oF or 37oC with
a variation of 1oF or 0.6oC. This value is still taken as the
mean human body temperature and the set point to measure
variations.
The medical implications of body temperature are profound.
It is the foremost medical check to confirm the health status
of a human body. The change in body temperature can be
used as an indicator of various diseases and medical
abnormalities, including hypothermia or heatstroke, both of
which can be life threatening. Body temperature can also be
used as an indication of infection or other diseases and also
as a means of measuring the effectiveness of fever reducing
medicine. Body temperature varies depending on the part of
the body from which it is measured. However, it has become
standard medical procedure to check body temperature from
the skin under the armpit or from the mouth or rectum. The
temperature measured from the skin is understandably
slightly lower and less accurate than that measured from the
cavities. Hence, the vital signs monitor is primarily used to
monitor patients, it is crucial that this device measures the
temperature in real time which is another aim of this project.
[5]
2.5 Photoplethysmograph
To detect the volume of blood, PPG is the simplest and cost
effective technique [6]. A pulse oximeter is frequently used
to get a PPG which enlights the skin and counts the changes
in light absorption [7]. Typically, to find out the flow of
blood, an emitter-receiver combination is used in PPG. It is
made up with a combination of an infrared emitter and a
photodiode, which are used to transmit the variations in
infrared reflectance due to the fact of continuously changing
flow of blood. To pass the light through the skin, an LED is
used. The detector placed on the surface of skin, can find out
the reflected or transmitted waves from several depths and
from the tissues of higher and weaker absorption. However,
a wide change of PPG signals depends on a various number
of facts. Among them transducer location, ambient
temperature, respiration, and subject differences are the
most important factors. Two techniques are common:
Reflectance method and Transmittance method. [8]
Here, authors are describing reflectance method of PPG
technique to measure HBR per minute. The arrangement
used in the reflectance method is shown in Fig. 2. The
photo-resistor, in this case, is placed besides the exciter
lamp. Part of the light rays emitted by the LED is reflected
and scattered from the skin and the tissues and falls on the
LDR. The quantity of reflected light is determined by the
blood saturation. [9]
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 141
Fig-2: Reflectance Method
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.1 System Block Diagram
“The GSM Based Intelligent Wireless Mobile
Patient Monitoring System” is an embedded system
where a microcontroller is used to control all of its operation
by a set of programs which are built on it. The main
objective of this project is to monitor one’s Heart Rate and
Body Temperature from any corner of the world. For this
purpose any type of mobile can be used by the receiver. This
way it can exceed the limitation of infrared and radio remote
controls range. Due to the use of convenient SMS
technology, this project lets one to monitor one’s health
condition remotely. Here, a Heart Beat Sensor Circuit which
is based on the principle of PPG method can be used to
measure heart rate and LM35 as a temperature sensor to
measure body temperature.
There is a GSM module which is controlled by the
microcontroller Unit with predefined software programme
written in it. It is used to send the measured value of heart
rate and temperature to doctor’s mobile phone via SMS who
lives so far away from the patient. Thus, doctor can monitor
his patient remotely.
Fig-3: System Block Diagram
3.2 Heart Beat Sensor Circuit
To construct the desired Heart Beat Sensor Circuit using the
PPG technique, following equipments are mandatory:
1. Resistors (10kΩ, 10Ω, 33Ω)
2. Variable resistors (10kΩ)
3. Operational Amplifier (LM358)
4. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) which will be used as a
Light Detector
5. LED (Red, Bright)
Fig. 4 represents the Heart Beat sensor circuit diagram.
Here, the LDR is placed very close to the bright LED. Heart
Beat Sensor is designed in such a way that it can give the
digital output of heart beat when a person put his/her finger
on bright LED. The output of detector is then amplified by
an operational amplifier (LM358). Whenever, heart beat is
detected, the red LED will blink.
Fig-4: Heart Beat Sensor Circuit Diagram
3.3 LM35 Temperature Sensor
To measure temperature with an electrical output
proportional to the temperature (in °C), an LM35
temperature sensor is used in this system which is an
integrated circuit. Its output voltage is linearly proportional
to the temperature value which is measured in Celsius scale.
It can give a linear output and it has extremely low output
impedance which make it easy to connect it to the readout
circuitry. So, we used LM35 in our system.
Three pins, +Vs, GND, and Vout are defined for the sensor.
When used as a basic temperature sensor (2°C to 150°C),
any change in Temperature by 1°C will be converted to 10
mV or the output voltage (Vout) = 0 mV + 10 mV/°C. [10]
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 142
Fig-5: Pin Diagram of LM35
3.4 Microcontroller Unit
Microcontroller is a low cost single chip computer. Single
chip defines the whole computer system is built up within
the boundary of a silver of Silicon encapsulation inside the
open space of an integrated circuit which is made of plastic.
Microcontroller has some features which are very much
similar to those of standard computer system. There is a
CPU (central processing unit), RAM (Random Access
Memory), ROM (read only memory), and I/O (input/output)
lines, serial and parallel ports and timers in all kind of
microcontroller. Some other peripherals such as analog to
digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) converters are built
in some special kind of microcontroller by the manufacturer
to improvise its performance. Microcontrollers also include
bit operations which allow you to change one bit within a
byte without touching the other bits. The abilities to upload,
store and run a program are the most important features of
microcontroller.[11]
The input values of heart beat signal and body temperature
will start to be processed and analyzed when the signals are
detected as high. In this mean time, the microcontroller will
convert the input values to the binary coded decimal number
to display the values on LCD display. Here, a MAX232
cable is used for interfacing the microcontroller with RS232.
Hyper-terminal is extremely in need to build up the
interfacing between the microcontroller and GSM modem.
3.5 GSM Modem
GSM is an international digital cellular telecommunication.
It has become the most frequently used and rapidly growing
digital cellular standard and raises up its position to the most
dominant cellular standard of the world.
GSM modem runs with a common set of standard AT
commands. We can easily read and send a message by
implementing these AT commands. Here, a mobile phone is
used as a receiver to receive messages sent by GSM modem.
When the communication is established between
microcontroller and GSM modem, the system is ready to
send the message from the PIC microcontroller to the
receiver’s mobile phone.
3.6 Flow Chart of PIC Programme
4. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
When the system is operated, it will give its output by
maintaining the following procedures:
1. At first, heart rate and body temperature will be measured
by the system. Then, the output will be displayed in LCD
display.
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 143
2. Then, the system sends an SMS to the doctor’s mobile
phone via GSM modem.
The system will be enormously unique one to the consumers
as this is the only system of its class and it concentrates on
those people who want to keep themselves fit and healthy.
The system is not a complicated one which will take a lot of
time to manufacture it. This is one of the easiest systems to
produce it within a month.
5. CONCLUSION
The new system has improved itself in terms of versatility
and mobility as it is very small in size and light in weight.
Furthermore, SMS is the most appropriate way to transmit
data in critical situations in rural areas where broadband
communications are rare.
REFERENCES
[1]. Movable Patient Health Monitoring
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber
=5479388Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-5162- 3Issue Date: 30-31
May 2010.
[2]. Shubhangi M Verulkar,Prof.N.B.Limkar,”Movable
health Monitoring “National Conference on Nascentb
Trends In Information And Communication
Technologies,proceeding of equinox-2011,page no 165-167.
[3]. M. J Drinnan, J. Allen, and A. Murray (2001). "Relation
between heart rate and pulse transit time during paced
respiration", Physiol. Meas. vol. 22, pp425–432.
[4]. “Range of Heart Rates per Minute and Average Heart
Rate for Various Ages”.Retrieve on 7th December 2008
(http://www.smm.org/heart/lessons/lesson1.htm) .
[5]. Body Temperature, Bets Davis,
http://health.yahoo.com/infectiousdisease-symptoms/body-
temperature/healthwise.
[6]. Allen J. (2007). “Photoplethysmography and its
application in clinical physiological measurement”, Physiol
Meas. 2007 Mar; 28(3):R1-39. Epub 2007 Feb 20 .
[7]. Shelley, K. H., R. G. Stout, et al. (1999). "The Use of
Joint Time Frequency Analysis of The Pulse Oximeter
Waveform to Measure The Respiratory Rate of Ventilated
Patients." Anesthesiology 91(3A): A583.
[8]. S.Sara and Z.Bill. (1999) “Photoplethysmograph”.
Retrieved on 11th October 2008
(http://en.wikipedia.org/photoplethysmograph.) .
[9]. Biomedical Instrumentation : Second Edition by R.S
Khandpur.
[10]. Md. Mazlan Abdul Jabar,
http://www.geocities.com/nazlen_2000/web.
[11]. PIC Robotics by John Lovine.
BIOGRAPHIES
Shahin Mahmud received B.Sc degree in
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
(EEE) from Southern University
Bangladesh in 2013. Now he is a
Teaching Assistant of this university
from 15th
January 2014.
Md. Morshed Alam received B.Sc degree
in Electrical and Electronic
Engineering(EEE) from Chittagong
University of Engineering and
Technology in 2011. Now he is a Lecturer
of Southern university Bangladesh from
15th
January 2014.He was also the Lecturer of University of
Information Technology and Sciences from 17th
January
2012 to 13th
January 2014.
Joynal Abedin received B.Sc degree in
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
(EEE) from Southern University
Bangladesh in 2013.
Saikat Roy received Bachelor of Science
in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
(EEE) from Chittagong University of
Engineering and Technology in 2013.
Now he is a Lecturer of Southern
university Bangladesh from 15th
January
2014.