This document summarizes a minor project on a heart beat monitoring system. It discusses using a pulse oximetry sensor with an LED and LDR to detect heartbeats and interface it with a microcontroller and LCD to display the real-time heart rate. The system steps down household AC voltage to power the circuit and uses a voltage regulator to provide stable 5V power. It was developed using KEIL software and aims to provide a low-cost solution for heart rate monitoring, with potential applications in healthcare, fitness training, and telemedicine to remotely monitor multiple patients.

1. RISHIRAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INDORE
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MINOR PROJECT
ON
HEART BEAT MONITORING SYSTEM
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SUBMITTED BY
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ANAND DWIVEDI

2. HEART BEAT MONITOR
A heart rate monitor is a
personal monitoring device
which allows one to measure
his or her heart rate in real
time or record the heart rate
for later study. It is largely
used by performers of
various types of physical
exercise.
Fig. 1 Wrist band for calculating heart beat
Widely used in hospitals for
checking the health of
patient(s)

3. Why Monitoring……?
More than 2 million people are at high
risk of having heart attack.
It would be helpful if there was a way
for these people to monitor their heart.
So we have a problem. That is the way
our project focuses on how we can
utilize this problem and find a
solution.

4. Measurement of Heart rate
• Stethoscope --inaccurate
• Electrocardiogram –
costly
& not user friendly
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5. Average Heart Rate
Age
Newborn
140
7 years
85 – 90
14 years
80 – 85
Adult
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Average Heart Rate
70 – 80

6. Microcontroller and why
Microcontroller not
• A microcontroller is a single-chip microcomputer
Microprocessor?
which contains RAM , ROM , CPU , I/O ports , ADC
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and other peripherals.
It has fixed amount of RAM , ROM , I/O ports.
It is also called embedded microcontroller because it is
designed for embedded systems performing specific
tasks only.
Microprocessor only has CPU , ALU, stack pointer,
program counter and other registers ,clock timing
circuit.
Microprocessor does not have RAM, ROM and I/O
ports
It requires large space and it’s cost is higher as
compared to microcontroller.

7. What we have done? ? ?
• We , in this project are measuring the
heart beat using the pulse oximetry
logic.
• The timer we have set for counting the
heart beat is 30s.
• There is a set point we can decide, after
30 s the heartbeat would be shown on
the LCD.
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8. Software we used ? ? ?
• KEIL uVision3 IDE
• SPI flash programmer
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9. Top view of our project
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10. Hardware implementation
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Transformer
Full wave rectifier
7805 voltage regulator
Buzzer
LM324
Potentiometer
LED + LDR used as sensor
LCD
Circuit diagram of project

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12. HOW ? ? ?
• Transformer steps down 220V to 9-09V.
• Full wave rectifier converts the ac into
dc.
• 7805 voltage regulator regulates the
voltage to 5V, which is the operating
voltage of our microcontroller.
• LCD is interfaced with microcontroller.
• LED - LDR sensor is used to count the
Pulses. It consists of a red LED and
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LDR .

13. What is happening on-board ?
• Transformer is making the ac voltage 220 volt to
step down to 9-0-9 volt ac.
• Full wave rectifier is rectifying that voltage to get
larger average dc voltage.
• 7805 is regulating the output voltage to 5v.
• Sensor consist of red LED and LDR is generating
the output signal inversely proportional to
absorption of red light caused by blood.
• Trans-impedence amplifier is converting current
signal to voltage signal ,amplifying signal and
change in signal and also filtering the signal also.
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14. LED – LDR sensor
LED
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LDR

15. PCB back side diagram
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16. Board back side photo
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17. Applications
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• Have become a widely used training aid
for a variety of sports.
• Hospitals / Dispensaries
• Better and accurate method of
measuring heart beat.
• At homes
• A set point can help in determining
whether a person is healthy or not
checking his/her heart beat and
comparing with set point.

18. • In-accurate method of calculating heartbeat.
• Logic used in very simple. Therefore, results may
vary as for a sophisticated instrument for the same
purpose
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19. • EEG, ECG and other health parameters can
also be monitored.
• Continuous monitoring and future diagnosis
can be performed via the same system
(TELEMEDICINE).
• More than a single patient at different places
can be monitored using single system.
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20. Thank you 