widening of PDL
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•925 views
This document lists and describes various causes that can lead to widening of the periodontal ligament space, including localized periapical inflammation, condensing osteitis, traumatic occlusion, orthodontic tooth movement, scleroderma, osteogenic sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, periodontitis, osteomyelitis, radiation-induced bony defects, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Widening can be localized to certain areas or more generalized based on the number and location of involved teeth. References are provided at the end.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Periodontal pocket
Definition of periodontal pocket, classification, Histopathology of periodontal pocket, microflora involved, pathogenesis, periodontal pocket as a healing lesion, microtopography of root surface, treatment of periodontal pocket
Treatment of Infrabony Pockets.pptx
This document discusses the classification, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of infrabony pockets. It defines infrabony pockets as pathological pockets where the base is apical to the alveolar crest. Infrabony pockets are classified based on their morphology and the number of remaining osseous walls. The etiology is often related to factors like tooth anatomy, position, occlusal trauma, and subgingival plaque. Diagnosis involves radiographs and probing to map the pocket. Treatment aims to eliminate signs and symptoms by addressing the etiology, scaling, curettage, and sometimes splinting mobile teeth.
Prognosis in periodontics
This document discusses prognosis in periodontal disease. Prognosis is the prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease based on knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. It is determined before treatment based on disease characteristics and previous experience. Prognosis can be excellent, good, fair, poor, questionable or hopeless depending on factors like bone loss, furcation involvement, and patient compliance. Systemic factors like smoking and diabetes can affect prognosis. Anatomical root characteristics also influence prognosis. The relationship between diagnosis and prognosis is discussed.
4.furcation involvement and its treatment
This document discusses furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth. It begins with introductions and definitions, then describes the anatomy of furcated teeth. Several classifications of furcation involvement are presented based on horizontal and vertical bone loss. Potential etiologies include dental plaque, local anatomic factors like furcation dimensions and root concavities, developmental anomalies, trauma, caries, and pulpal pathology. Diagnosis and various treatment options are also covered, along with prognostic factors and conclusions.
Biologic width
This document discusses biological width, which refers to the dimensions of soft tissue attached to the tooth coronal to the alveolar bone crest. It defines biological width as the connective tissue attachment (1.07mm on average) plus the epithelial attachment (0.97mm on average), totaling 2.04mm. It discusses factors that can lead to biological width violation like subgingival restoration margins and its signs. Methods to evaluate and correct biological width violations like bone sounding, surgical crown lengthening, and forced tooth eruption are also described. The importance of respecting biological width is emphasized in restorative and implant dentistry.
Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
Phase II periodontal therapy
This document outlines the phases of periodontal therapy, including:
1) Preliminary phase focusing on emergencies and extractions.
2) Nonsurgical phase involving plaque control, non-surgical treatments like scaling and root planing.
3) Surgical phase using various periodontal surgeries and other treatments like implants and endodontics.
4) Restorative phase for final restorations and prosthodontics.
5) Maintenance phase for long-term supportive periodontal therapy.
Surgical periodontal therapy aims to eliminate pathologic changes, create a stable periodontium, and promote regeneration through techniques like pocket reduction surgeries and correction of anatomic defects
Periodontal Flap
This document discusses periodontal flaps, which are sections of gingiva surgically separated from underlying tissues to provide access to bone and roots. It defines different types of flaps classified by bone exposure, placement, and papilla design. Indications and contraindications for various flaps are outlined. Procedures for modified Widman, undisplaced, apically displaced, and regenerative flaps are described. Distal molar surgery techniques and use of periodontal packs are also summarized.
Recommended
Periodontal pocket
Definition of periodontal pocket, classification, Histopathology of periodontal pocket, microflora involved, pathogenesis, periodontal pocket as a healing lesion, microtopography of root surface, treatment of periodontal pocket
Treatment of Infrabony Pockets.pptx
This document discusses the classification, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of infrabony pockets. It defines infrabony pockets as pathological pockets where the base is apical to the alveolar crest. Infrabony pockets are classified based on their morphology and the number of remaining osseous walls. The etiology is often related to factors like tooth anatomy, position, occlusal trauma, and subgingival plaque. Diagnosis involves radiographs and probing to map the pocket. Treatment aims to eliminate signs and symptoms by addressing the etiology, scaling, curettage, and sometimes splinting mobile teeth.
Prognosis in periodontics
This document discusses prognosis in periodontal disease. Prognosis is the prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease based on knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. It is determined before treatment based on disease characteristics and previous experience. Prognosis can be excellent, good, fair, poor, questionable or hopeless depending on factors like bone loss, furcation involvement, and patient compliance. Systemic factors like smoking and diabetes can affect prognosis. Anatomical root characteristics also influence prognosis. The relationship between diagnosis and prognosis is discussed.
4.furcation involvement and its treatment
This document discusses furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth. It begins with introductions and definitions, then describes the anatomy of furcated teeth. Several classifications of furcation involvement are presented based on horizontal and vertical bone loss. Potential etiologies include dental plaque, local anatomic factors like furcation dimensions and root concavities, developmental anomalies, trauma, caries, and pulpal pathology. Diagnosis and various treatment options are also covered, along with prognostic factors and conclusions.
Biologic width
This document discusses biological width, which refers to the dimensions of soft tissue attached to the tooth coronal to the alveolar bone crest. It defines biological width as the connective tissue attachment (1.07mm on average) plus the epithelial attachment (0.97mm on average), totaling 2.04mm. It discusses factors that can lead to biological width violation like subgingival restoration margins and its signs. Methods to evaluate and correct biological width violations like bone sounding, surgical crown lengthening, and forced tooth eruption are also described. The importance of respecting biological width is emphasized in restorative and implant dentistry.
Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Endodontic Diagnosis: Pulp Vitality Tests. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
Phase II periodontal therapy
This document outlines the phases of periodontal therapy, including:
1) Preliminary phase focusing on emergencies and extractions.
2) Nonsurgical phase involving plaque control, non-surgical treatments like scaling and root planing.
3) Surgical phase using various periodontal surgeries and other treatments like implants and endodontics.
4) Restorative phase for final restorations and prosthodontics.
5) Maintenance phase for long-term supportive periodontal therapy.
Surgical periodontal therapy aims to eliminate pathologic changes, create a stable periodontium, and promote regeneration through techniques like pocket reduction surgeries and correction of anatomic defects
Periodontal Flap
This document discusses periodontal flaps, which are sections of gingiva surgically separated from underlying tissues to provide access to bone and roots. It defines different types of flaps classified by bone exposure, placement, and papilla design. Indications and contraindications for various flaps are outlined. Procedures for modified Widman, undisplaced, apically displaced, and regenerative flaps are described. Distal molar surgery techniques and use of periodontal packs are also summarized.
Preventive resin restoration
This document discusses preventive resin restoration (PRR) for treating dental caries. PRR involves sealing carious and caries-susceptible pit and fissure areas on teeth with resin. There are three types of PRR (A, B, C) based on the extent and depth of the carious lesions. Type A involves sealing suspicious fissures with resin after removing enamel caries. Type B treats incipient dentin lesions by removing caries, etching, applying bonding agent and filled resin. Type C is for larger, deeper lesions and requires additional polymerization time. PRR provides advantages over fillings by preserving more tooth structure and being less invasive if later replaced, while also sealing caries
Resective osseous surgery
1. Osseous surgery involves modifying the alveolar bone support of teeth and includes techniques like osteoplasty and ostectomy. It aims to eliminate pockets and correct unphysiological bone architecture.
2. Factors in selecting a technique include the amount and location of bone loss, root trunk length, and anatomical limitations. Techniques range from non-resective procedures like osteoplasty to resective procedures like ostectomy.
3. Outcomes of osseous surgery generally include pocket elimination and establishment of physiological bone contours and architecture, though some bone loss from remodeling is expected in the range of 0.06mm to 1.2mm.
Rationale of endodontic treatment
The document discusses focal infection and inflammation in the dental pulp. It describes how microorganisms from infected dental sites can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system, potentially causing infection elsewhere. When the pulp becomes inflamed in response to injury or infection, it undergoes degenerative or proliferative changes. The "FISH" study identified four zones of tissue reaction around an infected area: the zone of infection, contamination, irritation, and stimulation. Kronfeld's mountain pass theory applied this concept to explain the inflammatory response in the periapex as a defensive reaction analogous to a military mobilization.
Aggressive periodontitis
Aggressive Periodontitis is more common in females in their adolescence. Also called as Juvenile Periodontitis.
Dento gingival unit
the dentogingival Unit : the gingival fibers and the junctional epithelium. histological feature, function
Bone loss
The document discusses bone loss patterns in periodontal disease. It notes that the balance between bone formation and resorption maintains bone height and density under normal conditions. The most common cause of bone destruction in periodontal disease is the extension of gingival inflammation into the supporting bone and tissues. This can lead to horizontal bone loss when inflammation travels along the bone crest or vertical bone loss when it travels directly into the periodontal ligament space. Bone destruction patterns include osseous craters in the interdental bone, bulbous bone contours, reversed architecture with loss of interdental bone, and furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth.
ANUG
This document discusses Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth. It defines NUG as a microbial disease of the gingiva caused by an impaired host response. Key clinical features include necrosis of gingival tissue and pain. Diagnosis is based on these clinical findings and microscopic examination. Management involves reducing the microbial load, removing necrotic tissue, treating any systemic conditions, and supportive periodontal therapy. Prognosis is generally good with treatment but recurrence is possible without ongoing maintenance of oral hygiene.
BLEEDING ON PROBING - PERIODONTICS
Bleeding on probing is an early sign of gingival inflammation and is commonly used to assess periodontal disease status. It occurs when increased crevicular fluid and breakdown of gingival tissues due to inflammation allows blood vessels to rupture upon gentle probing. Local factors like poor oral hygiene and systemic conditions like vitamin deficiencies or coagulation disorders can contribute to abnormal gingival bleeding. The bleeding point index is used to evaluate gingival inflammation by recording the number of bleeding sites after probing specific areas in the mouth.
Trauma from occlusion
- Trauma from occlusion occurs when occlusal forces exceed the adaptive capacity of the periodontium, causing injury. It can be acute or chronic.
- The magnitude, direction, duration, and frequency of forces impact the periodontium's ability to adapt. Excessive pressure or tension can damage tissues.
- Primary trauma from occlusion is caused by changes in occlusal forces, while secondary trauma occurs when reduced bone support impairs the tissues' resistance to normal forces.
- The periodontium responds to trauma in three stages - injury, repair through new tissue formation, and adaptive remodeling to better withstand forces. Trauma can cause reversible damage if forces are reduced, or lead to irreversible injury if
Dental mobility
Tooth mobility refers to loose teeth that can move within their sockets. It is classified on a scale of 0 to 3 based on the degree of horizontal and vertical movement. Physiologic mobility of about 0.25mm is normal, while pathologic mobility over 1mm indicates loose teeth from periodontal disease or trauma. Periodontal disease is a primary cause as it leads to loss of attachment and bone supporting the teeth. Treatment involves splinting loose teeth together, replacing missing teeth, and correcting occlusal surfaces to reduce excessive forces. For advanced periodontal cases, extraction may be necessary.
Dental home
The document defines a dental home as an ongoing relationship between a dentist and patient that provides comprehensive, accessible, and family-centered oral healthcare from infancy through adolescence. A dental home has characteristics like being accessible in the community, family-centered, providing unbiased information continuously, and being comprehensive, coordinated, and compassionate. When a parent or caregiver approaches a dental home, the dentist will take a history, do an examination, and do a risk assessment to enhance the dentist's ability to assist the child and family with optimal oral healthcare.
Pulpectomy Procedure Explained in brief
This lecture, which oriented to the level of mind of undergraduate students, discuss the topic of pulpectomy, its indications, contraindications, and procedural steps.
Visit us on Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/iraqi.Dental.Academy
Working length determination
Working length is the distance from a coronal reference point to the point where canal preparation and obturation should terminate. It is important to determine working length precisely using radiographs or electronic apex locators. The radiographic method involves measuring the total length of the tooth on preoperative radiographs, subtracting 1mm as a safety factor, and confirming length under radiograph after instrumentation. Electronic apex locators use electric current to detect the apical foramen. Tactile methods are unreliable due to risk of over-instrumentation or under-instrumentation.
Gingival crevicular fluid
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a serum transudate that forms in the gingival sulcus. It contains cells, bacteria, serum components, and host mediators that make it useful for periodontal monitoring and diagnosis. GCF forms through increased permeability of blood vessels in the sulcus or through an osmotic gradient. Its composition varies in health and disease, making biomarkers of host enzymes, tissue breakdown products, and inflammatory mediators clinically significant. While non-invasive collection methods exist, contamination and variable recovery pose challenges. Further research on GCF components may aid in diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal disease progression and treatment outcomes.
Dental plaque
Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms on teeth. It is made up of bacteria, salivary components, and food debris embedded in an extracellular matrix. Plaque forms in stages - first, a protein pellicle forms on the tooth surface. Bacteria then attach to the pellicle and begin to colonize. As the bacteria multiply, they produce a matrix material between them made of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Over time this leads to the development of a mature dental plaque biofilm.
Healing of extraction wound
A brief presentation on healing after tooth extraction.
Reference: Peterson's Principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2nd edition.
Dry socket
Dry socket, also known as alveolar osteitis, is a painful condition that can occur after a dental extraction. It results from the premature disintegration of a blood clot within the extraction socket, preventing normal healing. Risk factors include difficult extractions, oral contraceptive use, smoking, and poor oral hygiene. Clinically, patients experience severe pain localized to the socket starting 2-3 days after extraction along with bad breath. Two main theories propose either a fibrinolytic or bacterial cause that disrupts the blood clot formation and healing. Management focuses on irrigation, placement of medicated dressings, analgesics, and potentially topical anti-inflammatory treatments to reduce pain and promote socket healing.
5.gingival recession seminar
This document discusses gingival recession, including its definitions, classifications, etiology, factors affecting treatment outcomes, and treatments. It provides an overview of several classification systems for gingival recession, including those proposed by Sullivan and Atkins, Miller, Mahajan, Cairo, and Ashish Kumar. Miller's classification is the most widely used but has limitations, so modifications have been suggested. The document also proposes a new comprehensive classification system that aims to address the limitations of previous systems.
Risk factors in Periodontal Disease
This document summarizes various risk factors associated with periodontal disease. It discusses both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, stress, drugs, systemic diseases, nutrition, genetics, socioeconomic status, and gender. Specific conditions like type 1 and type 2 diabetes are explained in more detail. The relationship between periodontal disease and various systemic conditions is also covered briefly.
ATTACHED GINGIVA
The document discusses attached gingiva, defining it as the portion of gingiva that extends from the base of the gingival crevice to the mucogingival junction. It describes the width and thickness of attached gingiva, noting it varies between 1-9mm wide and has an average thickness of 1.25mm. Microscopically, attached gingiva has a keratinized, cellular epithelium and dense connective tissue. It functions to act as a buffer zone, bear trauma and forces from occlusion, and prevent attachment loss and recession.
radiographic interpretations.pptx
This document discusses the radiographic interpretation of various dental anomalies and implants. It provides examples of different dental anomalies like supernumerary teeth, macrodontia, microdontia, fusion, gemination, concrescence, hypercementosis, taurodontism, and dilaceration among others. It also discusses radiographic interpretations related to systemic conditions, presurgical implant imaging, post-implant imaging, and the classification of peri-implant radiolucencies. The goal of radiographic interpretation is to identify disease, understand its nature and extent, and assist in differential diagnosis.
Radiopaque Lesions
This document provides definitions and classifications of radiopaque lesions that can be seen on dental radiographs. It begins with defining normal radiopacity and listing common anatomical radiopacities seen in the jaws. Lesions are then classified as abnormalities of the teeth, developmental conditions affecting bone, inflammatory conditions, and odontogenic/non-odontogenic tumors. Specific conditions like condensing osteitis, periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, odontomes, and cementoblastoma are described in detail with their typical radiographic features and differences.
More Related Content
What's hot
Preventive resin restoration
This document discusses preventive resin restoration (PRR) for treating dental caries. PRR involves sealing carious and caries-susceptible pit and fissure areas on teeth with resin. There are three types of PRR (A, B, C) based on the extent and depth of the carious lesions. Type A involves sealing suspicious fissures with resin after removing enamel caries. Type B treats incipient dentin lesions by removing caries, etching, applying bonding agent and filled resin. Type C is for larger, deeper lesions and requires additional polymerization time. PRR provides advantages over fillings by preserving more tooth structure and being less invasive if later replaced, while also sealing caries
Resective osseous surgery
1. Osseous surgery involves modifying the alveolar bone support of teeth and includes techniques like osteoplasty and ostectomy. It aims to eliminate pockets and correct unphysiological bone architecture.
2. Factors in selecting a technique include the amount and location of bone loss, root trunk length, and anatomical limitations. Techniques range from non-resective procedures like osteoplasty to resective procedures like ostectomy.
3. Outcomes of osseous surgery generally include pocket elimination and establishment of physiological bone contours and architecture, though some bone loss from remodeling is expected in the range of 0.06mm to 1.2mm.
Rationale of endodontic treatment
The document discusses focal infection and inflammation in the dental pulp. It describes how microorganisms from infected dental sites can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system, potentially causing infection elsewhere. When the pulp becomes inflamed in response to injury or infection, it undergoes degenerative or proliferative changes. The "FISH" study identified four zones of tissue reaction around an infected area: the zone of infection, contamination, irritation, and stimulation. Kronfeld's mountain pass theory applied this concept to explain the inflammatory response in the periapex as a defensive reaction analogous to a military mobilization.
Aggressive periodontitis
Aggressive Periodontitis is more common in females in their adolescence. Also called as Juvenile Periodontitis.
Dento gingival unit
the dentogingival Unit : the gingival fibers and the junctional epithelium. histological feature, function
Bone loss
The document discusses bone loss patterns in periodontal disease. It notes that the balance between bone formation and resorption maintains bone height and density under normal conditions. The most common cause of bone destruction in periodontal disease is the extension of gingival inflammation into the supporting bone and tissues. This can lead to horizontal bone loss when inflammation travels along the bone crest or vertical bone loss when it travels directly into the periodontal ligament space. Bone destruction patterns include osseous craters in the interdental bone, bulbous bone contours, reversed architecture with loss of interdental bone, and furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth.
ANUG
This document discusses Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG), also known as trench mouth. It defines NUG as a microbial disease of the gingiva caused by an impaired host response. Key clinical features include necrosis of gingival tissue and pain. Diagnosis is based on these clinical findings and microscopic examination. Management involves reducing the microbial load, removing necrotic tissue, treating any systemic conditions, and supportive periodontal therapy. Prognosis is generally good with treatment but recurrence is possible without ongoing maintenance of oral hygiene.
BLEEDING ON PROBING - PERIODONTICS
Bleeding on probing is an early sign of gingival inflammation and is commonly used to assess periodontal disease status. It occurs when increased crevicular fluid and breakdown of gingival tissues due to inflammation allows blood vessels to rupture upon gentle probing. Local factors like poor oral hygiene and systemic conditions like vitamin deficiencies or coagulation disorders can contribute to abnormal gingival bleeding. The bleeding point index is used to evaluate gingival inflammation by recording the number of bleeding sites after probing specific areas in the mouth.
Trauma from occlusion
- Trauma from occlusion occurs when occlusal forces exceed the adaptive capacity of the periodontium, causing injury. It can be acute or chronic.
- The magnitude, direction, duration, and frequency of forces impact the periodontium's ability to adapt. Excessive pressure or tension can damage tissues.
- Primary trauma from occlusion is caused by changes in occlusal forces, while secondary trauma occurs when reduced bone support impairs the tissues' resistance to normal forces.
- The periodontium responds to trauma in three stages - injury, repair through new tissue formation, and adaptive remodeling to better withstand forces. Trauma can cause reversible damage if forces are reduced, or lead to irreversible injury if
Dental mobility
Tooth mobility refers to loose teeth that can move within their sockets. It is classified on a scale of 0 to 3 based on the degree of horizontal and vertical movement. Physiologic mobility of about 0.25mm is normal, while pathologic mobility over 1mm indicates loose teeth from periodontal disease or trauma. Periodontal disease is a primary cause as it leads to loss of attachment and bone supporting the teeth. Treatment involves splinting loose teeth together, replacing missing teeth, and correcting occlusal surfaces to reduce excessive forces. For advanced periodontal cases, extraction may be necessary.
Dental home
The document defines a dental home as an ongoing relationship between a dentist and patient that provides comprehensive, accessible, and family-centered oral healthcare from infancy through adolescence. A dental home has characteristics like being accessible in the community, family-centered, providing unbiased information continuously, and being comprehensive, coordinated, and compassionate. When a parent or caregiver approaches a dental home, the dentist will take a history, do an examination, and do a risk assessment to enhance the dentist's ability to assist the child and family with optimal oral healthcare.
Pulpectomy Procedure Explained in brief
This lecture, which oriented to the level of mind of undergraduate students, discuss the topic of pulpectomy, its indications, contraindications, and procedural steps.
Visit us on Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/iraqi.Dental.Academy
Working length determination
Working length is the distance from a coronal reference point to the point where canal preparation and obturation should terminate. It is important to determine working length precisely using radiographs or electronic apex locators. The radiographic method involves measuring the total length of the tooth on preoperative radiographs, subtracting 1mm as a safety factor, and confirming length under radiograph after instrumentation. Electronic apex locators use electric current to detect the apical foramen. Tactile methods are unreliable due to risk of over-instrumentation or under-instrumentation.
Gingival crevicular fluid
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a serum transudate that forms in the gingival sulcus. It contains cells, bacteria, serum components, and host mediators that make it useful for periodontal monitoring and diagnosis. GCF forms through increased permeability of blood vessels in the sulcus or through an osmotic gradient. Its composition varies in health and disease, making biomarkers of host enzymes, tissue breakdown products, and inflammatory mediators clinically significant. While non-invasive collection methods exist, contamination and variable recovery pose challenges. Further research on GCF components may aid in diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal disease progression and treatment outcomes.
Dental plaque
Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms on teeth. It is made up of bacteria, salivary components, and food debris embedded in an extracellular matrix. Plaque forms in stages - first, a protein pellicle forms on the tooth surface. Bacteria then attach to the pellicle and begin to colonize. As the bacteria multiply, they produce a matrix material between them made of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Over time this leads to the development of a mature dental plaque biofilm.
Healing of extraction wound
A brief presentation on healing after tooth extraction.
Reference: Peterson's Principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2nd edition.
Dry socket
Dry socket, also known as alveolar osteitis, is a painful condition that can occur after a dental extraction. It results from the premature disintegration of a blood clot within the extraction socket, preventing normal healing. Risk factors include difficult extractions, oral contraceptive use, smoking, and poor oral hygiene. Clinically, patients experience severe pain localized to the socket starting 2-3 days after extraction along with bad breath. Two main theories propose either a fibrinolytic or bacterial cause that disrupts the blood clot formation and healing. Management focuses on irrigation, placement of medicated dressings, analgesics, and potentially topical anti-inflammatory treatments to reduce pain and promote socket healing.
5.gingival recession seminar
This document discusses gingival recession, including its definitions, classifications, etiology, factors affecting treatment outcomes, and treatments. It provides an overview of several classification systems for gingival recession, including those proposed by Sullivan and Atkins, Miller, Mahajan, Cairo, and Ashish Kumar. Miller's classification is the most widely used but has limitations, so modifications have been suggested. The document also proposes a new comprehensive classification system that aims to address the limitations of previous systems.
Risk factors in Periodontal Disease
This document summarizes various risk factors associated with periodontal disease. It discusses both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, stress, drugs, systemic diseases, nutrition, genetics, socioeconomic status, and gender. Specific conditions like type 1 and type 2 diabetes are explained in more detail. The relationship between periodontal disease and various systemic conditions is also covered briefly.
ATTACHED GINGIVA
The document discusses attached gingiva, defining it as the portion of gingiva that extends from the base of the gingival crevice to the mucogingival junction. It describes the width and thickness of attached gingiva, noting it varies between 1-9mm wide and has an average thickness of 1.25mm. Microscopically, attached gingiva has a keratinized, cellular epithelium and dense connective tissue. It functions to act as a buffer zone, bear trauma and forces from occlusion, and prevent attachment loss and recession.
What's hot (20)
Similar to widening of PDL
radiographic interpretations.pptx
This document discusses the radiographic interpretation of various dental anomalies and implants. It provides examples of different dental anomalies like supernumerary teeth, macrodontia, microdontia, fusion, gemination, concrescence, hypercementosis, taurodontism, and dilaceration among others. It also discusses radiographic interpretations related to systemic conditions, presurgical implant imaging, post-implant imaging, and the classification of peri-implant radiolucencies. The goal of radiographic interpretation is to identify disease, understand its nature and extent, and assist in differential diagnosis.
Radiopaque Lesions
This document provides definitions and classifications of radiopaque lesions that can be seen on dental radiographs. It begins with defining normal radiopacity and listing common anatomical radiopacities seen in the jaws. Lesions are then classified as abnormalities of the teeth, developmental conditions affecting bone, inflammatory conditions, and odontogenic/non-odontogenic tumors. Specific conditions like condensing osteitis, periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, odontomes, and cementoblastoma are described in detail with their typical radiographic features and differences.
periapical radiopacities
This document summarizes various radiopaque lesions seen in dental radiographs. It describes normal anatomical radiopacities such as those seen in the maxilla and mandible. It then discusses pathological radiopacities associated with teeth including condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, Garre's osteomyelitis, and hypercementosis. Non-tooth associated radiopacities like tori, exostoses, osteomas, and foreign bodies are also mentioned. The document provides details on the clinical features, radiographic appearance, differential diagnosis, and management of conditions like condensing osteitis, idiopathic osteosclerosis, periapical cemental dysplasia, and Garre
Physical injuries of oral cavity.pptx
This document discusses various types of physical and chemical injuries that can occur in the oral cavity. It covers traumatic injuries including fractures, luxations and avulsions of teeth. It also discusses injuries to the supporting structures of teeth such as concussions, subluxations and ankylosis. Soft tissue injuries from factors like linea alba, toothbrush trauma, traumatic ulcers and cotton roll injuries are explained. Specific conditions like traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia, Riga-fede disease and angina bullosa hemorrhagica affecting the oral soft tissues are also summarized. Storage media for avulsed teeth and classification systems for different types of tooth fractures are highlighted.
Radiological aspects of periodontal disease/cosmetic dentistry courses
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
radiopacity lesions : radiology lecture.
This document discusses the classification and interpretation of radiopaque lesions seen on dental radiographs. It begins by defining radiopacity and describing common anatomical radiopacities seen in the jaws, such as teeth and bone. Lesions are then classified based on whether they affect the teeth or bone. Regarding teeth, it describes abnormalities such as unerupted teeth, odontomes, root remnants, and hypercementosis. Regarding bone, it discusses developmental conditions like tori, inflammatory conditions like sclerosing osteitis, and tumors such as cementoblastoma, osteoma, and osteosarcoma. Superimposed soft tissue calcifications and foreign bodies are also mentioned.
Developmental disturbances of teeth
True generalized microdontia involves all teeth being smaller than normal and is seen in cases of pituitary dwarfism. Macrodontia refers to teeth being larger than normal. Geminated teeth arise from an attempt at division of a single tooth germ. Taurodontism is the enlargement of the tooth body and pulp chamber with displacement of the pulpal floor. Amelogenesis imperfecta represents hereditary defects of enamel formation. Dentinogenesis imperfecta affects dentin formation resulting in teeth that are gray to yellowish-brown.
Radiographic Interpretation of Inflammatory Lesions of the Jaws
This document summarizes inflammatory lesions of the jaws, including their clinical and radiographic features. It describes the cardinal signs of inflammation and distinguishes between acute and chronic lesions. Radiographically, inflammatory lesions typically have ill-defined borders and cause changes to trabecular patterns and surrounding structures. Specific conditions covered include periapical inflammatory lesions, pericoronitis, osteomyelitis, and chronic osteomyelitis.
Peri apical radiolucency
Periapical radiopaque lesions can have several causes:
1. Condensing osteitis is caused by chronic apical inflammation from a necrotic tooth and appears as an amorphous radiopacity with a widened periodontal ligament space. It is treated with root canal treatment.
2. Cemento-osseous dysplasia involves abnormal bone formation replacing bone and fibrous tissues around vital teeth, appearing as radiolucencies, mixed densities or radiopacities with radiolucent rims. It requires follow-up only.
3. Idiopathic osteosclerosis has an unknown origin, appearing as an area of increased bone density around vital teeth. It is
Physical injuries of teeth
Bruxism is the habitual grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep or while awake. It can cause physical injuries to teeth like fractures, cracked tooth syndrome, and tooth ankylosis. Fractures of teeth are commonly caused by trauma, large dental restorations, or internal resorption. Cracked tooth syndrome involves an incomplete crack in the tooth that causes sharp fleeting pains. Tooth ankylosis is a fusion between the tooth and bone caused by root resorption and repair with cementum or bone. Treatments depend on the specific injury but may include splints, crowns, endodontic treatment, or extraction.
differential diagnosis
1. The document discusses differential diagnosis of pericoronal radiolucencies, which are lesions that cause radiolucency in the coronal region of teeth.
2. It describes common conditions that can present as pericoronal radiolucencies such as follicular spaces, dentigerous cysts, unicystic ameloblastoma, and ameloblastic fibroma.
3. For each condition, it provides details on prevalence, location, symptoms, imaging features, and management considerations to help differentiate between potential diagnoses.
anomalies of teeth.pdf
This document summarizes various dental anomalies including microdontia, macrodontia, anodontia, supernumerary teeth, disturbances in eruption, impacted teeth, dilaceration, taurodontism, dens invaginatus, and supernumerary cusps. It describes the characteristics and clinical significance of each anomaly and discusses their causes, presentations, treatments, and complications.
Dental anomalies
This document summarizes various dental anomalies and disturbances in development. It describes microdontia, macrodontia, anodontia, supernumerary teeth, disturbances in eruption such as premature/delayed eruption and impacted teeth. It also discusses taurodontism, dens invaginatus, gemination, fusion and other dental anomalies affecting shape and structure. Environmental factors that can affect enamel development are described. Finally it summarizes disturbances in dentin formation including dentinogenesis imperfecta.
Oral pathology - Disease of-jaw-bone
This document summarizes various diseases that can affect the jaw bone. It discusses inherited conditions like osteogenesis imperfecta and achondroplasia. It also covers infections like osteomyelitis, inflammatory conditions like fibrous dysplasia, and tumors originating from bone or other tissues that can develop in the jaw. For each condition, it provides details on characteristics, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, and other relevant information.
Solitary radiolucencies with ragged & poorly defined borders
Solitary radiolucencies with ragged & poorly defined bordersshahid sadoughi university of medical sciences
on of the most important lesion in face is Solitary radiolucencies that could be a sign of malignancy in oral cavity...here is more about it...
Tooth infarction
Tooth infarction, also known as cracked tooth syndrome, refers to an incomplete tooth fracture extending partially through the tooth. It can occur in the crown, originating from the pulp towards the dentinoenamel junction or propagating apically in the root. Symptoms include pain upon chewing or with temperature changes. Diagnosis involves visual examination, transillumination, staining with methylene blue dye, biting tests, and occasionally radiography. Treatment depends on factors like fracture location and pulp involvement.
Developmental disturbances ofteeth sem
This document provides an overview of developmental disturbances of teeth. It begins with an introduction that defines development and discusses genetic and environmental factors that can disrupt odontogenesis. It then classifies and describes various developmental disturbances affecting the size, number, shape, structure, and eruption of teeth. Specific disturbances covered in detail include microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, fusion, taurodontism, talon cusp, dens invaginatus, and shovel-shaped incisors. The document discusses causes, clinical features, classifications, and treatments for each disturbance. Radiographic features are also described for some conditions.
Dentl anomaly
This document summarizes various dental anomalies related to number, size, shape and structure of teeth. It describes conditions such as hypodontia, supernumerary teeth, microdontia, macrodontia, fusion, gemination, dens invaginatus and others. The causes, characteristics and classifications of these anomalies are discussed. Various hereditary conditions affecting dentin or enamel formation like dentinogenesis imperfecta, amelogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia and odontodysplasia are also summarized.
diseases of bone.pptx
Florid osseous dysplasia is a condition where normal bone is replaced by fibrous tissue and mineralized structures like cementum or bone. It is more common in middle-aged black females and affects the jaw bones, usually causing painless swelling. Radiographs show multiple radiopaque lesions of varying density in both jaws above the inferior alveolar nerve canal. Treatment involves oral hygiene and recontouring in severe cases.
Anomalies of the Developing Dentition(week 12)-1.pdf
This document summarizes various dental anomalies associated with defects in tooth development. It describes anomalies in number (such as hyperdontia and hypodontia), size (microdontia and macrodontia), shape (dens evaginatus, dens in dente, taurodontism, and dilaceration), structure (defects in enamel, dentin, and cementum), and color. Specific conditions are defined and their etiologies and characteristics are discussed, including hereditary patterns and effects on tooth morphology and radiographic appearance. Developmental stages impacted are also noted for many anomalies.
Similar to widening of PDL (20)
Radiological aspects of periodontal disease/cosmetic dentistry courses
Radiological aspects of periodontal disease/cosmetic dentistry courses
Radiographic Interpretation of Inflammatory Lesions of the Jaws
Radiographic Interpretation of Inflammatory Lesions of the Jaws
Solitary radiolucencies with ragged & poorly defined borders
Solitary radiolucencies with ragged & poorly defined borders
Anomalies of the Developing Dentition(week 12)-1.pdf
Anomalies of the Developing Dentition(week 12)-1.pdf
More from Ammar Al-Kazan
Major Minor Rest Direct Indirect Retainers.pptx
Major connectors unite the major parts of the denture framework and provide cross-arch stability. Minor connectors connect the major connector to other framework components to transfer stresses. Rests and rest seats provide vertical support on tooth surfaces. Direct retainers resist movement away from teeth, while indirect retainers provide retention for distal extension bases when dislodged from their seats. Key considerations in design include rigidity, contour, avoidance of impingement, and ensuring proper cleansing access.
principles of PD design.pptx
This document discusses principles of removable partial denture (RPD) design, including Kennedy classification systems for different clinical situations, considerations for support and retention, and a systematic approach to RPD design. Key points covered include differentiating tooth-supported versus tissue-supported designs, using minor connectors along guiding planes for optimal stress distribution, and employing techniques like indirect retainers and reciprocal clasps to restrict horizontal movement. The summary concludes that RPD design should be systematically developed based on factors like the location of support and how retention is achieved.
altered-cast.pptx
The document discusses the altered-cast technique for fabricating removable partial dentures (RPDs). Key points include:
- The altered-cast technique involves making an impression of the residual ridges in their functional position after fitting the RPD framework, then separating the edentulous portion of the master cast to reposition it based on the new impression.
- This technique aims to improve the fit of the RPD base to the residual ridges and reduce stress on abutment teeth.
- The procedure involves border molding a custom tray attached to the fitted framework, then making an impression using elastic materials like polysulfide.
- In the lab, the edentulous portion of the master cast is
indirect inlay restoration.pptx
This document discusses indirect inlay restorations. It begins with an introduction that defines indirect restorations and provides examples. The document then discusses factors that influence preparation design such as the selected material and fabrication method. It also discusses geometrical considerations for preparation design. The document reviews traditional restorative materials like cast gold and composites as well as modern ceramic materials and fabrication methods. It discusses cementation techniques and the importance of adhesive cementation. In summary, the document provides an overview of indirect inlay restoration techniques and materials.
coloration technique facial prosthesis
This document discusses techniques for coloring facial prosthetics. There are intrinsic and extrinsic approaches, with intrinsic applying color within the mold and extrinsic on the cured prosthesis surface. Trial and error mixing is commonly used but spectrophotometers and software can reduce metamerism. Laminar glazing mimics skin layers by individually painting colors into the mold. Base color is packed last after laminar layers. Extrinsic coloration or dusting the surface can modify shine. Experience is important but technology aids the process. Intrinsic coloring and achieving translucency are pivotal steps for prosthesis acceptance.
Endosseous implants in maxillofacial prosthesis.pptx
This document discusses various considerations for maxillofacial prosthetics involving facial defects. It covers factors affecting success of prostheses like retention, support and stability. It discusses different types of prostheses for specific defects such as auricular, nasal, orbital and mandibular defects. Placement of implants is described for different regions to enhance retention and function of prostheses. Complications and limitations are also summarized for different implant sites.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of patient with partial and total.pptx
This document discusses the prosthetic rehabilitation of patients who have undergone partial or total glossectomy. It outlines the functions of the tongue in swallowing and speech. For total glossectomy patients, the goals of prosthetic rehabilitation are to reduce oral cavity size, direct food boluses, protect fragile mucosa, develop contact with surrounding structures, and improve appearance/psychosocial adjustment. Construction of mandibular tongue prostheses involves impression-taking, framework fabrication, functional tracing to ensure passive contact, and addition of acrylic resin or silicone material. Materials used depend on the degree of resection and available abutment teeth/structures.
Assessment of edentulous patient.pptx
This document discusses the assessment of edentulous patients for dentures. It outlines examining the soft tissues, hard tissues, and existing dentures. The soft tissue assessment checks for lip and cheek symmetry, atrophy/hypertrophy, and oral mucosa issues. The hard tissue assessment checks for retained roots, ridge form, tori, and undercuts. The denture assessment evaluates the denture's history, extension and retention, stability including lip support and occlusion.
Cardiovascular medicine in dentistry.pptx
1) Cardiovascular disease commonly causes heart failure through hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congenital anomalies, or valve disease. Congenital heart disease can be cyanotic or acyanotic and affects dental management.
2) Patients with acquired heart conditions like ischemic heart disease require minimal stress and adrenaline during dental procedures. Those with a recent heart attack should delay elective dental work for 3 months.
3) Hypertension is a major risk factor and its grading determines dental management and restrictions on adrenaline use. Dental treatments for arrhythmias and heart failure aim to minimize stress through short appointments and analgesic use.
Clinical management of the edentulous maxillectomy patient.pptx
The document discusses the clinical management of edentulous maxillectomy patients through prosthetic rehabilitation. It covers three phases of prosthetic restoration: surgical obturator prosthesis used immediately post-surgery, interim obturator prosthesis used to evaluate healing over 2 months, and definitive obturator prosthesis. Key steps include obtaining impressions at various healing stages, establishing occlusion, and troubleshooting issues like leakage or hypernasality that may arise. The goal is to restore oral function through a prosthesis that seals the defect and allows adequate speech and nutrition.
Resin bonding FOR MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESES.pptx
This document discusses resin bonding techniques for maxillofacial prostheses. It describes both subtractive and additive methods for creating resin bonded contours, with the additive method being preferable for creating multiple guide planes, especially on palatal surfaces. Both composite resin and metal bonded contours are discussed. Precision and semi-precision attachments can be used for large defects next to abutment teeth. Potential problems include trismus, loss of attachment, and difficulty replacing lost metal components.
psychology of maxillofacial patients
This document discusses various psychological disorders that may impact maxillofacial patients, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, personality disorders, and others. It then examines the psychological effects of acquired, congenital, and developmental maxillofacial defects, including loss, grief, depression, and reduced self-esteem. The document recommends that healthcare providers consider a patient's psychological state and refer them to appropriate support services or mental health treatment if needed.
structural durability of prosthsis.pptx
Metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs) have the highest long-term survival rates compared to other materials. Zirconia-ceramic FPDs have increased risks of framework fractures and chipping of veneering ceramic. According to a 10-year study, the survival rate of zirconia FPDs was only 67% due to ceramic fractures and framework failures. Lithium disilicate FPDs showed an 87.9% survival rate at 10 years but dropped dramatically to 48.6% at 15 years mostly due to catastrophic ceramic fractures. Proper tooth preparation and material selection are important for maximizing FPD durability over many years.
More from Ammar Al-Kazan (13)
Endosseous implants in maxillofacial prosthesis.pptx
Endosseous implants in maxillofacial prosthesis.pptx
Prosthetic rehabilitation of patient with partial and total.pptx
Prosthetic rehabilitation of patient with partial and total.pptx
Clinical management of the edentulous maxillectomy patient.pptx
Clinical management of the edentulous maxillectomy patient.pptx
Recently uploaded
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
How to choose the best dermatologists in Indore.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ORSI 2024.pptx
Indication and installation of a mobile cervical disc prosthesis. Benefits of the PRODISC C VIVO mobile disc prosthesis (Centinel Spine)
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Recently uploaded (20)
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
widening of PDL
- 1. Causes of widening of PDL Ammar G. Salem
- 2. • Widening of PDL can be Localized or Generalized. • This localization or generalization is based on area of root or number of involving teeth.
- 3. • Periapical inflammation (Apical periodontitis) can lead to widening of apical PDL. • Condensing osteitis can show widening of apical PDL. • Traumatic occlusion due to excessive bite force in extruded teeth, malaligned teeth, or bruxism.
- 4. • Orthodontic movement of tooth in which widened PDL present stretched fibers (tension side). • Scleroderma in which it affects mutliple teeth in more than one quadrant. • Chondrosarcoma it displays widened PDL with adjacent radiopaque cartilage deposition. (Garrington Sign).
- 5. • Osteogenic Sarcoma show widened PDL with destruction of adjacent alveolar bone. Usually symmetrical widening. • Squamous cell carcinoma it thickened and irregular PDL space along mesial and distal length of root. • MRONJ medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, present with wideneing of PDL and sclerotic lamina dura
- 6. • Periodontitis, often associated with apical or inter-radicular area involvement. • Osteomyelitis, often widened in apical region. • Radiation induced bony defect. • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- 11. Langlais, Robert P, Craig S. Miller, and Jill S. Gehrig. Color Atlas of Common Oral Diseases. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009. Print. Mortazavi, Hamed, and Maryam Baharvand. "Review of common conditions associated with periodontal ligament widening." Imaging science in dentistry 46.4 (2016): 229- 237.