coloration technique

1. Facialprosthesis:
colorationtechnique
AmmarGhanemSalem

2. 1 Keen eye
2 Attention to
details
3 Adequate light
4 Practice
To be able to match color we need

3. 1 Trial and error mixing
2
Shade guides
3
Pigment dispersion
systems
4 Color measurement using
colorimeter/spectrophotometer
There are different approaches to match color

4. INTRINSIC
EXTRINSIC
Applied within mold
during casting
Allow simulate laminar
structure of the skin
More accurate depth of
color and translucency
Increase service life of
prosthesis since it’s less
vulnerable to
environmental conditions
and handling
Applied to surface of
cured prosthesis
More predictable results
Can be evaluated directly
comparing to patient’s
skin
Vulnerable to
environment and handling
Two types of coloring

5. BASIC
TERMINOLOGY
FOR COLOR
CONCEPTS
A
B
C
D

6. The
opacity
will
increase
The percentage of
entire weight of
substrate pigment.
e.g. 100g silicone of
0.3g pigment = 3%
Terms and Definitions
Pigment loading
When
pigment
loading
increases

7. Pri Colors
mary
secon Colors
dary

8. Their hues are
considered opposites,
and they hold
maximum color
contrast to each other.
Complementary
colors

9. Light considerations
It is recommended to evaluate the color under various light
sources to reduce the effect of METAMERISM

10. The use of spectrophotometer and
color formulation software will
reduce the effect of
METAMERISM

11. SILICON
RVT HVT
Fast set Regular set

12. Used to simulate blood vessels

13. Used to add hue and texture

14. Opaquer, used to de-shine cured silicone

15. Used to lower viscosity of silicone

16. Used for intrinsic and extrinsic coloring

17. Used to clean prosthesis prior to
extrinsic coloration, brushes, and
glass palette.

18. For comparing mixtures
For cutting
For thinning silicone
For mixing

19. De-airing device
Air circulating oven
Silicone trimming bur

20. Accurate to 0.0001g

21. 4
3
2
1 1. Underside of forearm
2. Along hairline
3. Anterior to tragus
4. Base of helix
How to identify base color?

22. Mix base color
Mix laminar glazes
Re-assess color match
Pack mold
Extrinsic coloration
Measure color with
spectrophotometer
Perform lab color charge
formulation
Evaluate color formulated
base color and adjust
Mix laminar glazes/reassess
color match/pack mold
Extrinsic coloration
Traditional trial and error method Computerized method

23. adding pigments in small
quantities and comparing to
skin.
addition should be
conservative and after
homogenous mixture
achieved.
Addition of pigments
increases opacity
White and kaolin are
important for achieving
opacity and value.
2nd
Kaolin has less opaquing
power than white..
3rd
5th
1st 4th
6th
Usually using Colors closer to
skin by adding small amounts
of red & yellow.
Trial and Error Method

24. Adding small amount of blue
will darken value and
desaturate the color.
a less saturated color is
more realistic.
For repeatability pigments
added should be measured
and recorded.
When color approaches
desired color it’s compared
to patient skin.
8th
Adding flock without
affecting translucency will
add texture.
9th
11th
7th 10th
12th
Skin with very creamy
appearance should be limited
with flock.
Trial and Error Method

25. It provide objective means
of color match.
Subjectivity only in selection
of skin area and during final
evaluation of formula when
patient is present.
Computing pigment formula
with color formulation
software.
Skin is measured with
spectrophotometer.
2nd
Deriving pigment formula
through the software.
3rd
5th
1st 4th
Computerized color
formulation

26. Choose flat accessible skin
area and take the average
of 3 measures.
Calculate the formula of
pigments using software.
Weight pigments on digital
balance and create sample
and compare to skin.
Double pigment formula to
produce the amount of
silicone.
2nd
Mix pigments and silicone.
3rd
5th
1st 4th
Clinical method using
spectrophotometer

27. Reduced clinical time
Formula can be mixed repeatedly with
accuracy
Metamerism is minimized
Translucency can be controlled

28. Layers of color painted
individually into the mold
before packing base color to
mimic histologic structure of
skin
Laminar glaze
What is laminar
glaze?
Heterogenicity
Translucency
Color
Texture

29. Red blush for pink skin appearance
Golden tan for melanin
Dark brown for freckles and moles
Opaque yellow-white for cartilage
Dark blue/purple for shadow areas
Opaque pink-red
Common colors in
laminar glazing

30. Mixing of laminar
glazing either
independent or
modifying within base
color
It is recommended to
use fast set silicone to
reduce potential
migration of color
Usually 10mL of clear
silicone is used and
small amounts of
color pigment and
flock is added
Golden tan is applied
smooth and even in
creamy skin texture.
In spotted mottled
skin it requires
random dispersion in
stippling fashion for
the golden tan

31. Freckles application is
not symmetric while
moles are symmetric
Pigments mixed for
freckles/moles are
red, blue, yellow, and
brown
Flocks to be used for
moles/freckles are
dark red and purple
Cartilage need white
pigment, yellow and
gold flocks
Shadow pigments are
red, green, yellow,
blue while flocks are
dark red, dark blue,
and purple.

32. Red blush glaze is very
translucent so avoiding
painting too thick layer is
recommended
Areas of depth in mold
represent prominence in
final product.
White die stone mold is used
to aid in assessing color.
Laminar glaze notes
Flock addition is effective for
subtle color changes without
affecting translucency
Color mixed for laminar
painting can be used for
extrinsic coloration
Areas of height in mold
represent depth in final
product

33. PACKING BASE COLOR
The last color placed in
the mold should b de-
aired prior to packing
and it’s much greater
bulk than laminar
layer.
Carefully close the
flask and slowly add
pressure and place in
mold clamps, then for
fast set type 71C for 2
hours and regular set
type 90C for 2 hours

34. o
Remove excess with
scissor
o
Fiber trimming wheel to
smooth the trimmed
o
too dark value need
reprocessing
o
Application in stippling
fashion
Extrinsic coloration
o
Too light in value can be
corrected with extrinsic
coloration
o Each glaze should allow to set
before another is added

35. REDUCING
SHINE
THE GLOSSY APPEARANCE OF EXTRINSIC
COLORATION LEAD TO UNNATURAL
LOOKING PROSTHESIS
DUSTING SURFACE WITH CONFECTINER
ICING SUGAR USING BROAD BRISTLE
LIGHTLY APPLIED TO SURFACE OF
UNCURED SILICONE
USING FINE GRADE SILICA
FIBER MIXED WITH SILICONE
1:4 RATIO AND STIPPLED
OVER GLOSSY PORTION
SILICA FIBERS LEAVE WHITISH
RESIDUE ON SURFACE
KAOLIN POWDER
APPLIED TO CURED
SURFAC
EXCESSIVE KAOLIN
POWDER WILL
ALTER OVERALL
VALUE

36. THE SUCCESS IN THESE
TECHNIQUES DEPENDS ON
INDIVIDUAL’S EXPERIENCE AND
ABILITY
SPECTROPHOTOMETER AND
COLORATION FORMULA AID IN
REDUCING METAMERISM AND
PROVIDE OBJECTIVITY TO THE
PROCESS.
TECHNOLOGY AID IN COLOR MACHTING
SKILLS AND DO NOT REPLACE THEM.
THE TRIAL AND ERROR IS STILL THE
MOST COMMON TECHNIQUE APPLIED
IN COLORING.
INTRINSITC COLORATION IS A
PIVOTAL STEP IN FABRICATION
TRANSLUCENCY IS A MAJOR
FACTOR THAT INFLENCE THE
ACCPETABILITY OF PROSTHESIS