This document discusses various teaching models, instructional strategies, and graphic organizers that can be used in the classroom. It describes several widely applicable teaching models including discovery learning, inquiry learning, problem-based learning, cooperative learning, decision-making, and the ACES teaching approach. Each model follows a specific "syntax" or sequence of instruction. The document also outlines different instructional strategies such as lecture, roundtable discussion, panel discussion, brainstorming, role playing, and socio-drama. Finally, it presents various graphic organizers like concept maps, concept clusters, wheel maps, cycle graphs, and Venn diagrams that can help students organize and understand information.

1. UNIT V
Widely Applicable
Teaching
Models, Instructional
Strategies, And Graphic
Organizers
Reported By: Jolly Ray Forteza Bederico

2. INTRODUCTION
Teaching models are ideal processes of instruction .
These have established patterns that are worth doing in
the classroom.
By the large, teaching models are anchored on certain
theories of learning and instruction with accompanying
syntax – the logical phases of instruction of a particular
teaching model – that guide teachers in the unfolding of
lessons.

3. TEACHING MODELS

4. Teaching Models are larger than a particular
strategy, method, or tactic.
These are broad overall approaches to instruction
that do not only help teachers in planning
instruction, but also guide them in acquiring
information, developing skills, internalizing
values, and engaging in other forms of learning
activities.

5. More importantly, teaching models are supported by the
exponents of theories of instruction each following a syntax
– logical phases of instruction of the model.
The teaching models that lend easily to integrative
teaching and learning are discovery learning, inquiry
learning, problem-based learning, cooperative
learning, decision-making and ACES teaching approach.

6. A. Discovery Learning.
This teaching model is based on the idea that content
is not given to learners in finished form. Rather, it is
discovered by learners before they can internalize it.
By the large, discovery learning is used to accoplish
three related education purposes like:

7. (1) to provide students with opportunities to think
independently
(2) to help students discover how knowledge
becomes know
(3) to promote higher-order or critical thinking skills
such as analysis, synthesis and evaluation

8. B. INQUIRY LEARNING
This is commonly known as the inquiry process which
is apparently the application of scientific method of
teaching.
C. Problem-based
Learning (PBL)
The essence of this model consists of presenting
students authentic and meaningful problem situations
to serve as springboards for investigation

9. D. Coopeartive learning
This is the procedure whereby learners work together
is small grups and rewarded for their collective
accomplishments.
It is benefits both low- and high-achieving students
who were together in academic tasks. It has a wider
acceptance of people who are different.

10. e. Decision-making
This is an intellectual process that requires students
to select the best alternative choice on a set of
conditions or circumstances.
It involves the making intelligent choices by
identifying objectives and alternative ways of
achieving them.

11. F. ACES Teaching approach
The ACES Teaching Approach (Four A’s) follows a
logical sequencing of learning activities from the
closing activity as shown below:
Phase 1: Activity
Phase 2: Analysis
Phase 3: Abstraction
Phase 4: Application

12. SYNTAX FOR TEACHING MODELS
Discovery Learning Inquiry Learning
1.Selecting the
1.Establishing a
problem
form for inquiry
2.Proposing
2.Formulating
possible solution
hypotheses
3.Collecting data
3.Gathering data
4.Analyzing and
4.Testing
interpreting data
hypotheses
5.Testing
5.Formulating
conclusions
conclusion

13. SYNTAX FOR TEACHING MODELS
Problem-based
Cooperative Learning:
Learning
Group Investigation (GI)
1. Orienting students to 1. Identification of topics
the problem
2. Formation of learning
2. Organizing students
teams
for study
3. Investigation of topics
3. Assisting
4. Preparation of
independent and
presentation
group investigation 5. Presentation to the
4. Presenting exhibits
whole class
5. Analyzing and
evaluating the

14. SYNTAX FOR TEACHING MODEL
Decision-making
1. Defining the problem
2. Setting the standards
3. Making proposal
4. Studying the
cinsequences of each
proposal
5. Making decisions based
on the proposal
ACES Teaching Approach
1. Activities
2. Analysis
3. Abstraction
4. Application

16. INSTRUCTIONAL
STARTEGIES
These are the means, techniques or procedures
used in presenting data reflecting interactive
aspects of teaching.
These are usually built-in within a given teaching
model during the different phases of instruction
particularly in sharing information about the lesson
proper.

17. A. Lecture
Lectures are used when introducing a
topic, defining an issue, presenting a
dilemna, explaining a process and in summarizing
a key points.
These are well-planned oral presentations on a
given topic by teachers or a reporter.

18. B. Roundtable Discussion
A roundtable discussion usually involves a small number
of students, perhaps no fewer than three and no more
than eight.
A relax atmosphere must prevail and the presentation
must be conversational rather than oratorical.
Roundtable discussion can be used in the classroom by
having a group of students discuss a problem before the
class or by dividing the class into several discussion
without an audience.

19. C. Panel Discussion
A panel discussion is similar to roundtable
discussion in many aspects, but there are some
differences.
The procedures is more formal than that of
roundable discussion. It usually begins with a
short statement from each discussant before the
panel is opened for free discussion by the
members of the panel.

20. D. BRAINSTORMING
This strategy or technique is often used by
teachers in analyzing issue, an event, or a problem
that calls for a solutions.
Once the problems or issue is presented to the
class, the students are asked to suggest possible
solutions to the problems.

21. E. Role Playing
This stategy or technique helps students understand
the perspective of others. It enables students to
identify with others in a variety of situations.
It develops empathy, concerns for others, and other
prosocial behaviors by having students enact an
incident or problem and propose desirable solutions.

22. F. SOCIO-DRAMA
This strategy or technique used in summarizing or
communicationg highlights of learning experiences
through a pantomine, skits anf dramatization.

23. Designing
Graphic
Organizers

24. Graphic Organizers are essential tools of learning.
These are forms of visual representations of both
teachers and students in teaching-learning
process.
Simply put, these are visual representation of
knowledge that are conceptualized.
Developed, and utilized to ensure effective
instruction.

25. 1. Concept Map
Use the concept map to define a concept or to
illustrate an idea drawn from a given lesson.
Concept maps help in organizing categories of
concepts and establishing relationships between
and among them.

26. CONCEPT MAP
GEOGRAPHY
Major
Concept
Major
Concept
Earth
SubConcept
SubConcept
Sub
Concept
Sub
Concept

27. 2. Concept Cluster
Used when you want to illustrate a major concept
together with its subconcepts to show the coverage
of a given lesson or unit of study.

28. CONCEPT CLUSTER
Philippine
Flag
National
Song
Sampaguita
Cariñosa
NATIONAL
SYMBOLS
Sipa
Filipino
Language
Bangus
Narra

29. 3. Wheel Map
Used to show the division of a lesson into
subtopics to facilitate individuals or a group
investigation in the classroom.

30. WHEEL MAP
Mountains
Hills
Major
Landforms
Plains
plateaus

31. 4. Cycle Graph
Used to present a series of connected events that occur
in sequence and produce a repeated results.
Autumn
Summer
Seasons of
the Year
Spring
Winter

32. 4. Factstorming
Used to facstorm the subconcepts under a major
concepts to show the coverage of the lesson or unit
in study.

33. FACTSTORMING

34. 6. Discussion Web
Use to help student’s organize arguments or
evidence in connection with a given lesson.

35. 7. Bubble Tree Web
Use to represent relationships among concepts. It
is usually used with information that can be
categorized beneath a core or main understanding.

36. BUBBLE TREE WEB
Plateaus
Hills
Seas
Oceans
Basins
Lakes
Plains
Mountain
Valleys
Rivers

37. 8. Ladder Web
Use to answer questions that call for answers in
enumeration.
A ladder web gives a logical presentation of data
recorded as a result of an investigation

38. LADDER WEB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

39. 9. Semantic Web
Use when the core question calls for four (4)
answers. The immediate response to the core
question are the web strand (Four boxes).
The facts or inferences are used to support each
web strand are called strand supports which
extend outward from the web strand.
The relationship among strands are called strand
ties.

40. SEMANTIC WEB
WEB
STRAND
WEB
STRAND
WEB
STRAND
WEB
STRAND

41. 10. Venn Diagram

42. VENN DIAGRAM
1 and 2 = Differences
3 = Similarities
1
2
3

43. 11. Flow Chart
Used to show the flow of ideas, events or
stages/phases in processing an activity.
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
9
10
Note: Encourage students to design original graphic organizers that are applicable to a
Given lesson or unit of study.

44. Measurement of Learning:
ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
Assessment is the ongoing process of gathering
and analyzing evidence of what students know and
what they do not know.
It is a process of interpreting information about the
students in order to plan instruction and evaluate
achievement.

45. Evaluation is the process of interpreting the
evidence and making judgements and decisions
based on the evidence.
1. Diagnostic Evaluation – which intends to asess
skills, abilities, interests and difficulties of students
and is usually adminstrates at the beginning of a
lesson or units.

46. 2. Fomative Evaluation – which is used to monitor
student’s progess and provide meaningful and
immediate feedback as to what students have to do
achieve a standards.
3.Summatative evaluation – which is the last
judgement, the final grade, the end result, and the
summary of what the students learned.