The document explains the internet as a collection of interconnected networks and introduces interspace as an advanced communication tool. It covers essential internet terminologies such as web pages, websites, web browsers, and their functions, as well as details about IP addressing, URLs, and various internet services like email and chat. Additionally, it discusses network security concepts including cyber law, firewalls, cookies, and the definitions of hackers and crackers.

1. WHAT IS INTERNET It is a collection of interconnected Networks.

2. WHAT IS INTERSPACE Most advanced form of communication available on the internet. It is a client/server software program that allows multiple users to communicate online with real-time audio, video and text chat in dynamic 3D environments.

3. INTERNET RELATED TERMINOLOGIES Web Page: is simply a type of file written in HTML. Web Site: it is a collection of HTML documents that are linked together. Web Browser: is a special communication program that reads and interprets HTML documents. Eg. Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer, Mozilla, etc.

4. Web Server: It is a program that responds to requests from web browsers to retrieve information. E.g. Intra Netware from Novell, Internet Information Server (IIS) It is a computer where the web pages and the above given program resides. Web Hosting: uploading a website onto a Web server.

5. HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) It is a language to create web documents. It is a subset of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) It is an ordinary text that has some extra features such as formatting, images, multimedia and links to another document. Markup is the process of adding extra features to ordinary text. Language means that it has its own syntax and rules for proper communication. XML Extensible Markup Language Developed by WWW consortium Subset of SGML Designed for web documents Allows you to create your own cusomised tags

6. DOMAIN NAME / WEB ADDRESS Every computer connected to the internet has a unique address whose format is defined by the Internet Protocol (IP) addressing system. The IP addressing system uses Letter addressing system Number addressing system Letter addressing system Ex: cbseindia.org, hotmail.com Last three letters are important because they provide information about the kind of organisation to which the address belongs. Some of the abbreviations used are: Edu: educational institiutions Org: non profit organisations Gov: government departments Net: networking organsisation Letter addressing schemes also use country codes comprising two letters. Eg. ca for Canada, in for India. This scheme is called Domain Naming System.

7. 2. Number addressing system It is made up of 4 numbers each less than or equal to 3 joined by periods. Ex: 192.12.248.73 or 131.58.97.254 URL Uniform Resource Locator It is the address or location of a document on World Wide Web. URL comprises of several parts: http:// www.cbseindia.org /datesheet/twelth/twelth.htm A web browser uses this method (protocol) to read pages on the web Search in WWW Resource name Look into these Folders Obtain this document

8. INTERNET SERVICES 1. Information Retrieval: Helps you surf net to find information from any where around the world. 2. Electronic Mail: lets you send messages and receive message in electronic form. E-mail is transmitted between computer systems. 3. Chat: The chat program lets you communicate with others in real time ( there and then) like a written phone call. 4. Video Conferencing: With the help of Video Conferencing facility we could see each other while talking. Ex: Newsreader on T.V talking to a reporter at a far away place and reporting directly to the audience.

9. NETWORK SECURITY CONCEPTS Cyber Law It is a network of law enforcement officers, who specialise in cyber crime investigation, training other law enforcement victims online. Their help line handles child pornography, cyber stalking and missing children tips, cyber scams and fraud online. Cyber Law enforcement organisation also includes the legal group of prosecutors, defense counsel and legal experts in the field of cyber crime, to help educate and guide the Internet community on crime prevention and reporting of cyber crimes.

10. FIREWALL It is a system or group of systems that enforces an access control policy between networks. It is a mechanism which exists to block traffic and also permit traffic. Technically speaking, it is a set of hardware and software that functions as a protective gateway on a network. It is placed between an organisation’s network and the gateway to the internet.

11. COOKIES A ‘ Cookie’ is a small piece of information which a web server can store temporarily with your web browser. This is useful for having your browser remember some specific information which the web server can later retrieve. Eg. Online shopping mall. HACKERS The term used to describe the act of penetrating the computer system for the knowledge and information that is contained within. As cyber crime has ensued, the term, hack has taken on negative meaning and has lost the associativity with the true principles that it was founded on. CRACKERS A password cracker is any program that can decrypt or otherwise disable password protection.