access and use of internet is level1 tvet progaram

1. Liberty college
Access and Use Internet

2. Objective
Provide competency required to access internet
and complete basic web search tasks which
includes finding required information.

3. INTERNET
Definition, use, and basic terminologies of Internet The
Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide
system of computer networks - a network of networks in
which users at any one computer can, if they have permission,
get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk
directly to users at other computers).
The internet is computer based global information system. It is
composed of many interconnected computer networks.
Each network may link thousands of computers enabling them
to share information

4. Basic Internet Terms and Terminology
Here is a look at the buzzwords of the world of Internet.
ARPANET: The acronym stands for Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network. ARPA of the United States
Department of Defense developed ARPANET, which became
the world‘s first packet switching network. Internet is the
successor of ARPANET.
Internet Service Provider: A company, which provides
users with an access to the Internet, is known as an Internet
service provider or Internet access provider. ISP, as it is called,
offers email accounts and other services like remote storage of
files for its customers. Here is a word about choosing a cheap
ISP

5. IPAddress: It is a way of numerically identifying an entity on
a computer network. The original addressing system known as
IPv4, used 32 bit addresses. With the growth of the Internet,
IPv6 came to be used wherein the addresses are composed of
128 bits.
Cyberspace: This term coined by William Gibson, is used to
refer to the computer networks connected to each other and the
content they host. It is often used to refer to the Internet.
WWW: It is a collection of interlinked documents that are
accessible over the Internet. It consists of millions of web
pages that contain text, images, voice and videos. Sir Tim
Berners-Lee, a British scientist working at CERN, created the
World Wide Web.

6. Website: A website is a set of web pages consisting of text,
audio and video. Web servers host websites.
URL: It specifies the location of a resource on the Internet.
It consists of the basic address and path.
Web Page: Web pages are resources of information. They are
generally created in the HTML format and provide the web
users with navigational abilities through hyperlinks to other
web pages on the web.
Home Page: The term home page is used to refer to the page
that is the default page of any website. It is the main page of
a complex website.

7. Cache: Web browsers maintain a cache of recently visited
web pages. Some of them use an external proxy web cache,
which is a server program through which web requests pass.
This enables the browsers to cache frequently visited pages.
Even search engines make available already indexed web
pages through their caches.
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, abbreviated as HTTP, is
a communications protocol used for the transfer of information
over the Internet. A client makes an HTTP request using a web
browser to which an HTTP response is sent from the server

8. Web Cookie:
Also known as an HTTP cookie, it is piece of text that is
exchanged between the web client and the web server. It is
sent by the web server to the web client and returned
unchanged by the client each time it accesses the server.
Session:
It is an exchange of information between a computer and its
user. It is established for a certain period of time after which it
ends.
Hyperlink:
A reference in a document to another section of the document
or to another document is termed as a hyperlink. Hyperlinks
are used to redirect the user from one section of a page content
to another

9. Internet Security
It is one of the major concerns today. As the Internet acts as a
communication platform that can be accessed by millions of
users around the world, it becomes necessary that proper
measures be implemented.
Internet - A communication Platform
Internet serves as one of the most efficient means of
communication. Computers from different parts of the world
can be connected to each other to exchange information,
thanks to the Internet. Emails and chats are excellent means of
communication over the Internet.
Email
It is a store-and-forward method of writing, sending and
receiving written messages. Electronic mail is an Internet e-
mail system that uses network-based protocols to exchange
messages between network subsystems.

10. Email Address
It identifies the network location to which an email can be
delivered. An email address is a combination of the username
of the mail user and the host name of the mailing system. It is
of the form, ‗username@domain-name‘. An email alias is a
forwarding email address.
Spamming
The act of sending unsolicited bulk messages over an email
system is known as spamming. It is an undesirable use of the
electronic messaging systems.

11. Phishing
It is a fraudulent activity of acquiring the sensitive information
by the use of a fake identity during electronic communication.
It is implemented by means of emails and instant messages
wherein a user is lured to enter his/her details, which are
actually captured by a fraudulent website.

12. Hacking:
Hacking is the activity of programmatically gaining access to
a computer application that is otherwise inaccessible. The act
of gaining an unauthorized access to a computer is known as
hacking. Hacking of passwords that leads to breach of email
privacy is a threat to communication over the Internet. Internet
crimes refer to all the criminal activities that are carried over
the Internet.
Email Scams:
With the increase in the use of email systems, its security
needs also rose. Fraudulent users started tampering with the
email systems to breach security.

13. Email Virus:
It is a computer code that is transmitted through an
email in the form of an attachment. The email
attachment causes the destruction of some of the files on
the receiver computer‘s hard disk and is
programmatically emailed to the contacts in the address
book of the receiver. College

14. Internet Bookmark:
The Internet browsers of the modern times aim at enabling the
users to organize the web pages they access. Links once
visited can be saved in the favorites or preferences categories.
Bookmarks are usually integrated into browsers. Social
bookmarking is a method used by the Internet users to store
and manage web pages
. Web Directories: It is a directory, which links to other
websites and organizes those links. They should not be
mistaken as being search engines

15. Privacy and Civil Liberties
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) was
formed in 1990 to, among other things, bring
issues dealing with civil liberties related to
computing and telecommunications technology
to the attention of the public at large, legislators,
and court and law enforcement officials

16. E-Mail Privacy
When you send a message by e-mail, the message is
broken into packets and the packets are sent out over
the Internet.
The number of packets depends on the size of the
message. Each message has the Internet address of the
sender (your address) and the address of the recipient

17. Encryption
With public key encryption there are two keys, one public and
the other private. The public key needs to be known. To send a
message to a friend, you use her or his public key to encrypt
the message. Your friend then uses her or his private key to
decode the message after receiving it. You can obtain a version
of public key encryption software called PGP, Pretty Good
Privacy.

18. Intellectual Property and Copyright
The notion of ownership of something, whether it has a
physical form, does still make sense as intellectual property.
There are a number of laws and agreements throughout the
world to protect intellectual property rights. The right to copy
or duplicate materials can be granted only by the owners of the
information

19. •Internet browsers – GUI

20. Search engines