The document discusses the history and components of the internet. It defines the internet as a global system of interconnected computer networks that use TCP/IP protocols to link devices worldwide. The internet consists of private, public, academic and business networks linked by technologies like fiber optics and wireless networks. It carries information like websites, email, and file sharing services. Key components include internet service providers that give users access, browsers to view websites, and search engines that help users find information online. The internet is governed by volunteer groups that coordinate technical standards rather than a single entity.

2. CONTENTS
* What is internet?
* Definition And History
* Basic services of INTERNET
* The World Wide Web (W.W.W.)
* Log on the internet.
* Who governs the net.
* WWW browsers
* INTERNET search engines
* Uses of INTERNET

3. The internet is a global system of interconnected
computer networks that use the standard Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices
worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of
millions of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks, of local to global scope, that
are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and
optical networking technologies. The internet carries
an extensive range of information resources and
services, such as the interlinked hypertext documents
and applications of the world wide web (WWW), the
infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer
networks for file sharing and telephony.

4. Definition and History
 The INTERNET is a network of
computers, which links many different
types of computers all over the world.
 ARPANET was the first WAN and had
only four sites in 1969.
 In 1989, the U.S. government lifted
restrictions on the use of INTERNET,
and allow its usage for commercial
purposes as well.

5. Basic Services Of The
INTERNET
 Electronic Mail (E-Mail) –
Allow user to send a mail (message ) to
another internet user in any part of the world
in a near-real-time manner .
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) –
Allow user to move a file from one computer to
another on the internet.
 Telnet –
Allow a user to log into another computer
somewhere on the internet .

6. The internet is not governed by any one person or any
particular organization. There is no governing body of the
internet. Different volunteer groups have been formed that
help to coordinate and guide the technical aspects of the
internet. These groups are as follows:
Internet Activity Board (IAB) This group looks after the
development of the Internet suit of protocols. It has the
following two task forces:
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN) This group is responsible for providing various
registration services needed for the internet to operate
effectively.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) it is a joint initiative
between MIT, CERN, and INRIA to develop standards for the
evolution of the web.

7. In order to make your computer or
network a part of the Internet, you need
the following:
 A internet connection
 A modem,
 Internet access, and
 A program that controls the
communication of data over the hardware
component.
Internet connection This is provided by
Internet Service Provider (ISPs) who install
a main server and give connections to
users through it. A server is a computer
with high storage capacity and memory. It
is, in turn, connected through cables and
satellites to other servers in the world.

8. Electronic Mail
E-Mail is a rapid and productive communication
tool because :
It is faster than Paper Mail .
Unlike telephone, The persons
communicating with each other
need not to be available at the
same time.
Unlike Fax documents , Email
documents can be stored in a
computer and be easily edited
using editing programs.

9. File Transfer Protocol
 Moving a file from a remote computer to ones
own computer is known as Downloading.
 Moving a file from ones own computer to a
remote computer is known as Uploading.
 Anonymous FTP site in a computer allows a
user to log in with the username of anonymous
and password that is user’s E-mail Address.
 Anonymous FTP sites are called publically
accessible sites because they can be accessed
by any user on internet.

10. TELNET :
Some common uses of
telnet service are -:
Using the computing power of the
remote computer.
Using a software on the remote
computer.
Accessing remote computers data
base or achieve.
Logging into ones own computer
from another computer.

11. ROUTERS
Routers are the device that direct Internet
traffic by determining, the best path that
can be taken, whereas modems help to
connect to the internet through telephone
or cable lines.
Each computer system on the internet has an
internet address called an IP address, this
address is used to exchange information,
send or receive email messages, etc.

13. The World Wide Web (WWW)
 World Wide Web or W3 is the most popular and promising
method of organizing and accessing information on the INTERNET.
 Hypertext is a new way of information storage and retrieval that
enables authors to structure information in novel ways.
 A properly designed hypertext document can help users to
locate desired type of information rapidly.
 Hypertext documents enable this by using a series of link.
 A link is a special type of item in a hypertext document
connecting the document to another document.
 Hypertext documents on internet are known as Web Pages.

14. WWW Browsers
 To use a computer as a Web client, a user needs to
load on it a special software tool known as WWW
Browser.
 Browser provide following navigation facilities –
 Do not require a user to login to a server
computer.
 Enable a user to visit a server computer’s site
directly and access information on it by specifying its
URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
 Enable user to create and maintain a personal
hotlist of favorite URL.
 Maintain a history of server computers visited by
user in a surfing session.
 Enable a user to download information in various
formats.

15. INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES
 Internet search engine is an application, which helps users
to locate Web sites containing useful information and
references.
 To search Information :
 A user types the description of the information using the
user interference of the search engine.
 The search engine then searches the requested information
on the WWW and returns the results to the user.
 Results enable the user to locate the requested quickly
from the last ocean of information available on the internet.

16. Major Elements of Internet Search
Engines
 Search Request Interface
enables users to provide description of desired information to the search
engine
search engine may allow specifications of simple keywords and phrases,
combination of keywords and phrases using Boolean operators and
exclusion/inclusion operators, and title and URL limiters
Information Discoverer
Discovers information from the WWW and creates a database for the
search engine.
Search engine uses the database to locate useful information during the
search process.
Presenter of search results
search engines often list search results in accordance to a relevance
score.
Relevance scores reflect the number of times a search term appears in
a web page.
Some search engines also allow users to control relevance score by
giving different weights.

19. Some important current strategic of the INTERNET
are :
 On-line communication
 Software sharing
 Exchange of views on topics of common interest
 Posting of information of general interest
 Organization promotion
 Product promotion and feedback about products
 Customer support service
 On-line journals, magazines, Encyclopedia, and
dictionary
 On-line shopping
 World-wide conferencing

20. REFERENCE
FROM NCERT COMPUTER
TEXT BOOK
&
FROM WIKIPIDEA

21. PRESENTED BY :
SAI.NAKKINA
CLASS:-10th B