Resins are solid or viscous substances of plant or synthetic origin, primarily composed of organic compounds, such as terpenes, and serve protective roles in plants. They can be classified into three major types: acid resins, ester resins, and resin alcohols, each with specific examples. Additionally, resins have various medicinal uses, including acting as carminatives, anti-inflammatory agents, and flavoring agents.

1. What are Resins

2. • In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a "solid or
highly viscous substance" of plant or synthetic origin that is
typically convertible into polymers.[1] They are often mixtures
of organic compounds, principally terpenes. Many plants,
particularly woody plants, produce resin in response to injury.
The resin acts as a bandage protecting the plant from invading
insects and pathogens

3. Physical properties:
• Resins are transparent or translucent.
• Resins are mostly heavier than water.
• Resins are insoluble in water.
• Resins are soluble in solvents like alcohol, volatile oils, fixed oils,
organic solvents, non polar solvents.
• Resins are substances with a hard texture.
• Resins are electrically non-conductive.
• Resins get softened upon heating and undergo melting

4. Chemical properties:
• Resins consist of schizogeneous or schizolysegeneous cavities and
ducts in their chemical moieties.
• Resins are also composed of esters.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF RESINS
• Resins are divided into three major classes, namely:
• Acid resins
• Ester resins
• Resin alcohols

6. • ACID RESINS
• Those resins which consist of acidic moieties as their main chemical
constituents are known as acidic resins.
• Examples of acidic resins: Colophony, Myrrh, Shellac, Sandrac.
• ESTER RESINS
• Those resins which consist of ester as their chief chemical
constituents are known as ester resins.
• Examples of ester resins: Benzoin, Storax.

7. • RESIN ALCOHOLS
• Those resins which consist of complex alcoholic groups of high
molecular weights are known a resin alcohol.
• Examples of resin alcohols: Canada balsam, Guggul, Capsicum,
Asafoetida.

8. ISOLATION OF RESINS
• Resins are isolated from plants by vivid technologies and methodologies completely
depending on the chemical nature possessed by them.
• By extraction with alcohol and precipitation with water.
• Examples: Podopyllum, Hypomia
• By distillation for separation of oils.
• Examples: Copaiba, Colophony.
• By heating the plant parts.
• Example: Guaiacum.
• Isolation of plant exudates by incision.
• Examples: Myrrh, Asafetida,
• Isolation by processing encrustation.
• Examples: Shellac.

9. Medicinal uses of resins:
• Carminatives
• Examples: Ginger, Asafetida, Capsicum.
• Stomachics
• Examples: Capsicum, Ginger.
• Anti-inflammatory agents
• Examples: Turmeric, Guggul.
• Anti-rheumatic agents

10. • Examples: Guggul, Capsicum.
• Antiseptic agents
• Examples: Tolubalsam, Myrrh.
• Flavoring agents/spices /condiments
• Examples: Ginger, Turmeric, Tolubalsam, Perubalsam.
• Cathartic
• Example: Kaladana.