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Computer Hardware
The physical part of a computer
Introduction
 The physical parts of a computer are called
hardware. In this chapter, we will examine the
different types of hardware according to four groups:
 The system unit,
 Input devices,
 Output devices,
 Storage devices.
The System Unit
All of the main components of a computer
Chassis (Case)
Power Supply
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
 The mainboard (also called the motherboard, or
system board) is the biggest board inside your
system unit. All the main components of your
computer connect to the mainboard. The CPU, BIOS
and chipset are normally situated on your
mainboard along with all the other electronic
components.
 The storage devices, such as the hard disk and DVD
drive, are attached to the mainboard via data cables.
The expansion cards, such as the video card and
RAM modules, are attached to the mainboard via the
PCI and memory slots. The video and sound cards
can be integrated into the mainboard (onboard).
Mainboard
Mainboard
The ROM-BIOS (Read Only Memory-Basic
Input Output System)
This chip is a special ROM microchip on your
computer’s mainboard. It ensures that the BIOS will
always be available and will not be damaged by disk
failures. It also makes it possible for a computer to
boot itself.
The ROM-BIOS (Read Only Memory-Basic
Input Output System)
System Buses
Every component in the computer must be able to
communicate with the CPU through the motherboard.
This connection is done via a collection of copper or
gold tracings attached to the motherboard.
These tiny wires are called
buses. Buses carry data and
control messages between
the components.
The Bus Arbitration (Chipset)
 The bus arbitration chipset is an integrated circuit on
the motherboard. It controls how the mainboard
buses are used. If two different devices try to use the
same bus at the same time, it can cause a problem.
The bus arbitrator prevents this problem.
Expansion Slots
 Expansion slots hold expansion cards (such as a
video card, sound card, or network card) and
connect them to the buses.
ATA and ATAPI Interfaces
ATA & SATA
The current SATA standard provides significant benefits
over ATA in terms of convenience, power consumption, and
most importantly, performance.
Peripheral Connectors
Internal Speaker
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 A central processing unit (CPU) or processor is an
electronic circuit that can execute computer
programs. The CPU is one of the most important
components inside your computer. It is like the brain
of your computer, because it performs all the
computer calculations. CPU speed is measured in
gigahertz (GHz) and has an important effect on the
overall speed of your computer.
Memory (RAM)
 RAM (Random Access Memory) is temporary
memory that the computer uses to store applications
and data that are in use, for example, the operating
system, and a word processor or database program.
RAM is called “random access” because any storage
location can be accessed directly. When you create
data such as a letter or a picture, the computer
stores the data in RAM and then copies them to the
hard disk when you save your work.
Expansion Cards
 An expansion card (also known as an add-on card,
internal card, or interface adapter) is an electronic
board added in a desktop computer to provide or
expand features not offered by the motherboard.
Expansion cards need device drivers to function
properly.
Some Types of Expansion Cards
 Video cards
 Sound cards
 Network cards
 TV tuner cards
 Video processing cards
 Modems

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Week5 hardware - system unit

  • 1. Computer Hardware The physical part of a computer
  • 2. Introduction  The physical parts of a computer are called hardware. In this chapter, we will examine the different types of hardware according to four groups:  The system unit,  Input devices,  Output devices,  Storage devices.
  • 3. The System Unit All of the main components of a computer
  • 7.  The mainboard (also called the motherboard, or system board) is the biggest board inside your system unit. All the main components of your computer connect to the mainboard. The CPU, BIOS and chipset are normally situated on your mainboard along with all the other electronic components.  The storage devices, such as the hard disk and DVD drive, are attached to the mainboard via data cables. The expansion cards, such as the video card and RAM modules, are attached to the mainboard via the PCI and memory slots. The video and sound cards can be integrated into the mainboard (onboard). Mainboard
  • 9. The ROM-BIOS (Read Only Memory-Basic Input Output System) This chip is a special ROM microchip on your computer’s mainboard. It ensures that the BIOS will always be available and will not be damaged by disk failures. It also makes it possible for a computer to boot itself.
  • 10. The ROM-BIOS (Read Only Memory-Basic Input Output System)
  • 11. System Buses Every component in the computer must be able to communicate with the CPU through the motherboard. This connection is done via a collection of copper or gold tracings attached to the motherboard. These tiny wires are called buses. Buses carry data and control messages between the components.
  • 12. The Bus Arbitration (Chipset)  The bus arbitration chipset is an integrated circuit on the motherboard. It controls how the mainboard buses are used. If two different devices try to use the same bus at the same time, it can cause a problem. The bus arbitrator prevents this problem.
  • 13. Expansion Slots  Expansion slots hold expansion cards (such as a video card, sound card, or network card) and connect them to the buses.
  • 14. ATA and ATAPI Interfaces ATA & SATA The current SATA standard provides significant benefits over ATA in terms of convenience, power consumption, and most importantly, performance.
  • 17. Central Processing Unit (CPU)  A central processing unit (CPU) or processor is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs. The CPU is one of the most important components inside your computer. It is like the brain of your computer, because it performs all the computer calculations. CPU speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz) and has an important effect on the overall speed of your computer.
  • 18. Memory (RAM)  RAM (Random Access Memory) is temporary memory that the computer uses to store applications and data that are in use, for example, the operating system, and a word processor or database program. RAM is called “random access” because any storage location can be accessed directly. When you create data such as a letter or a picture, the computer stores the data in RAM and then copies them to the hard disk when you save your work.
  • 19. Expansion Cards  An expansion card (also known as an add-on card, internal card, or interface adapter) is an electronic board added in a desktop computer to provide or expand features not offered by the motherboard. Expansion cards need device drivers to function properly.
  • 20. Some Types of Expansion Cards  Video cards  Sound cards  Network cards  TV tuner cards  Video processing cards  Modems

Editor's Notes

  1. The chassis is the metal and plastic box that contains the system unit. It protects the system from the outside world and helps to keep the system unit components cool.
  2. The power supply is an electrical device that transforms the standard electricity supply (115-120 volts AC (alternating current) in the United States or 220 volts AC in Europe) into the lower voltages (3.3 or 5 to 12 volts DC (direct current) that computer systems require.
  3. A UPS is primarily used as a backup power source for the computer. It can keep a computer running for a while so a user can save work and properly shut down the computer when the power goes out. It also protects the computer against different power problems such as high voltage, low voltage, and frequency differences.
  4. An internal speaker is connected to the mainboard and allows the computer to sound error or warning beeps while it is running. The PC speaker today deals largely with low-level warning signals such as start-up errors.