This document discusses vomiting and its pathways in the body. Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth, caused by anti-peristaltic movement in the gastrointestinal tract. The vomiting center located in the medulla can be triggered by stimuli in the chemoreceptor trigger zone or higher cortical centers and causes the vomiting reflex. There are many potential causes of nausea and vomiting, including chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, pregnancy, gastrointestinal disorders, infections, toxins, and certain medications.

1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH WHO IS THE MOST
MERCIFULL AND BENIFICIAL

3. Vomiting:
This is the reflex mechanism
which cause the forceful expulsion
of gastric content through the
mouth.
(Anti-peristaltic movement of the
G.I.T track )

6. VOMITINGVOMITING
PATHWAYSPATHWAYS
Ipecac syrup

8. Vomiting Centre
(medulla)
Stomach
Small intestine
Higher cortical
centres
Chemoreceptor
Trigger Zone
(area prostrema,
4th ventricle)
Memory, fear, anticipationSensory input (pain, smell, sight)
Surgery
Surgery
Labyrinths
Anaesthetics
Vomiting Reflex
Neuronal pathways
Factors which can
cause nausea & vomiting
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Opioids
Sites of action of drugs
5HT3
antagonists
Sphincter modulators
Histamine antagonists
Muscarinic antagonists
Gastroprokinetic
agents
Benzodiazepines
Histamine antagonists
Muscarinic antagonists
Dopamine antagonists
Cannabinoids

11. Physiological.
emotional sickness, sea
sickness , high altitude
GI tract disorders
toxins, infections,
obstruction,
inflammation, motility
disorders etc
Non-GI infections
liver , pneumonia, other’s.
Pregnancy
Visceral inflammation
pancreas, Gall bladder,
Other CNS disorders
Anxiety, meningitis , raised
intracellular pressure etc.
Alcohol intoxication
Medications
Food poisoning
Radiation explusion

13. Thank
you!