Vitamin D
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Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the body's fatty tissue. It is found naturally in some foods like salmon, tuna, and beef liver, and it is also produced by the skin upon exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D plays important roles in calcium absorption, bone health, nerve function, and immune system support. Deficiency can occur in people who avoid sun exposure or consume an insufficient diet. The recommended daily intake of Vitamin D varies depending on age but ranges from 5 to 15 micrograms per day.
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Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone mineralization. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and is also obtained in smaller amounts from dietary sources. Vitamin D is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then in the kidneys to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This active form works with parathyroid hormone to increase intestinal calcium absorption and renal calcium reabsorption, maintaining normal blood calcium levels and promoting bone mineralization. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children, causing skeletal deformities, and osteomalacia in adults, weakening bones.
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Vitamin D is absorbed through the small intestine and enters lymphatic circulation associated with chylomicrons. It is transported by vitamin D binding protein and distributed to tissues where it can be activated. Activation involves hydroxylation in the liver to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D and in the kidneys to form the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Kidney production of the active form is regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcium levels to maintain calcium homeostasis. Tissues throughout the body have vitamin D receptors and the active form binds to these receptors to carry out its functions.
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Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and bone mineralization. It is synthesized in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and is also obtained in smaller amounts from dietary sources. Vitamin D is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then in the kidneys to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This active form works with parathyroid hormone to increase intestinal calcium absorption and renal calcium reabsorption, maintaining normal blood calcium levels and promoting bone mineralization. Deficiencies can lead to rickets in children, causing skeletal deformities, and osteomalacia in adults, weakening bones.
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Vitamin D is absorbed through the small intestine and enters lymphatic circulation associated with chylomicrons. It is transported by vitamin D binding protein and distributed to tissues where it can be activated. Activation involves hydroxylation in the liver to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D and in the kidneys to form the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Kidney production of the active form is regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcium levels to maintain calcium homeostasis. Tissues throughout the body have vitamin D receptors and the active form binds to these receptors to carry out its functions.
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Vitamin D is essential for strong bones and general good health. It is obtained mainly through sun exposure but can also come from supplements or food. The body undergoes multiple processes to activate vitamin D, including changing it in the liver and kidneys. Activated vitamin D then helps regulate calcium levels and cell communication throughout the body. While vitamin D is important, more research is still needed to fully understand its roles and health impacts.
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1. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions like a hormone in the body.
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II. Junk foods lack essential proteins and nutrients and have "empty calories." While they may taste good, they provide no real nutrition and can lead to health problems if eaten regularly.
III. A balanced diet derived from fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins and healthy fats provides the nutrients necessary for good health and disease prevention. Maintaining a balanced diet and active lifestyle is important for overall well-being.
Living Longer, Living Well
Can you affect the rate at which you age? Can you extend your healthspan? The resounding answer is YES! #CreateALifeYouLove #LYL
II SOCIAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION.pptx
UNIT II
SOCIAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION.
DR.PRISCILLA MARY J
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE.
Water soluble Vitmin D3
This market for vitamin D supplements is projected to reach $2.5 billion by 2020, growing at 11% annually. Currently, many vitamin D supplements have poor absorption in the body. A new product called SMART-D3 contains solubilized vitamin D3 in a highly bioavailable formulation as a dry powder capsule. It is the first product of its kind to provide fully bioavailable vitamin D3 in a convenient, once-daily capsule. Vitamin D plays an important role in bone and heart health, immunity, and reducing the risk of various diseases.
Blueberries
This document provides information about blueberries, including:
- Blueberries have many health benefits and antioxidant compounds that may delay chronic diseases.
- They are related to cranberries, bilberries, and cowberries, and are cultivated and picked wild.
- Blueberries have the highest concentration of antioxidants and may reduce cancer and heart disease risk by inhibiting tumor growth and reducing risk factors.
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The document discusses healthy aging and the role of nutrition and lifestyle. It notes that while life expectancy has increased, quality of life has not kept pace. As people are living longer, there are more individuals over age 60 than under 16 for the first time. Maintaining good nutrition and physical activity can help promote healthy aging by reducing risks of chronic diseases and disabilities. The document provides tips on nutrition, lifestyle factors and maintaining good health during aging.
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Vitamin d and health
Vitamin D is produced in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and plays an important role in bone health and cellular functions throughout the body. It is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then in the kidneys to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Deficiency is linked to increased risk of various chronic diseases. Vitamin D receptors exist in most cells and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D has wide-ranging effects, including roles in immune function, cell growth regulation, and reduction of inflammation. Adequate vitamin D levels may protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis.
Gluten free eating
This document discusses gluten free eating and its benefits. It states that individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity cannot eat foods containing gluten, which is found in wheat, barley, and rye. It provides lists of hidden sources of gluten and acceptable gluten-free grains and starches. The document recommends eating gluten-free only if medically necessary, as it can be expensive and risk nutrient deficiencies. Whole grains are promoted as heart-healthy due to fiber, vitamins, and minerals that may reduce risks for chronic diseases.
Coconut oil handout
Coconut oil has various health benefits. It contains antioxidants and antimicrobial fatty acids. While high in saturated fat, studies show coconut oil may not increase heart disease risk like other saturated fats due to its unique fatty acid composition. Coconut oil is solid at room temperature and can be used for cooking or baking, where it adds flavor and has a higher burning point than other oils. The fatty acids in coconut oil are metabolized differently than other fats and may provide benefits for conditions like malabsorption.
Coconut oil
This document summarizes the health effects of coconut oil by comparing its fatty acid composition to other oils like corn oil. It finds that while coconut oil has more saturated fat than corn oil, its medium-chain fatty acids may provide benefits like supporting immune function and reducing abdominal fat. However, it cautions that coconut oil should not completely replace unsaturated vegetable oils which provide essential fatty acids and are generally healthier. Overall, the document concludes coconut oil can be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet for its possible health benefits and flavor in cooking.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol is a compound found in various plants and foods like grapes, blueberries, and red wine. It has many health benefits such as being an antioxidant that reduces oxidative damage, inhibiting cancer development at various stages, reducing inflammation, and helping to regulate blood glucose and lipid levels. Resveratrol protects cells and tissues from damage by reducing free radicals, preventing platelet aggregation, inhibiting cancer-promoting enzymes, and modulating inflammatory pathways. These properties may help prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions.
Why the blue is good for you
The document discusses the health benefits of blueberries. It states that blueberries contain phytochemicals called anthocyanins that act as antioxidants and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease. Regular consumption of blueberries may improve brain, vision and heart health, and reduce the risk of conditions like diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. The document concludes that blueberries are a superfood due to the various health benefits provided by their phytochemical content.
Cacao polyphenols
This document provides an overview of research on flavonoids found in cocoa and chocolate. It summarizes that cocoa and chocolate are high in flavonoids like catechins and epicatechins which have been linked to health benefits. Studies show these flavonoids can improve blood vessel function, lower blood pressure, and reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease by reducing oxidation of LDL cholesterol and inhibiting platelet aggregation. However, the amount of flavonoids varies depending on cocoa processing and the type of chocolate. More research is still needed on the long term effects of cocoa flavonoids in humans.
The dash diet plan
The document discusses the DASH diet plan for reducing hypertension. It provides information on hypertension prevalence, blood pressure goals, and how high blood pressure affects the body. The DASH diet is highlighted as an effective non-pharmacological approach to treating hypertension through its focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy while limiting sodium, red meat, and sugar. Weight loss through diet and exercise is also emphasized as important for reducing hypertension risk factors like obesity.
Nutrient sensing and metabolic disturbances
This document summarizes potential causes of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, including ectopic fat accumulation, impaired fat oxidation, defects in mitochondrial function, and impaired lipid metabolism. It also discusses adipose tissue as an endocrine organ and the roles of adipocytokines like adiponectin and resistin. Finally, it examines nutrient sensing pathways such as AMPK that regulate cellular energy levels and metabolism.
Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes occurs in approximately 5% of pregnancies and results in high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. It develops when the placenta produces hormones that prevent the mother's cells from properly using insulin. To manage gestational diabetes, patients must monitor their blood sugar levels, follow a healthy diet with balanced carbohydrate intake, engage in moderate physical activity, and potentially take insulin or other medications. Maintaining blood sugar control is important for the health of both the mother and baby.
Diabetes and macrosomia
This document discusses several studies related to gestational diabetes and macrosomia. The first study found that maternal BMI had a greater influence on the development of large for gestational age (LGA) babies than glucose control. A second study identified that maternal BMI and LGA in a previous pregnancy most influenced fetal growth in the late second and early third trimesters, while maternal glycemia predominantly impacted growth later in the third trimester. A third study examined the degree of glucose control needed in women with type 1 diabetes to achieve normal fetal growth and neonatal proportions.
Complications of diabetes
This document discusses common complications that can arise from diabetes, including heart disease, kidney disease, eye complications, nerve damage, foot complications, skin complications, and depression. It provides details on each complication, such as how diabetes increases the risks of heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. It emphasizes the importance of controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol to reduce health risks.
Obesity in children & teens
This document discusses obesity in teens and children. It finds that Mexican-American and non-Hispanic black youth have higher rates of overweight than white youth. Adolescents and older adults are more likely to be overweight than younger groups. Obesity results from long-term energy imbalance where calories consumed exceed calories used. Having two overweight parents significantly increases a child's risk of becoming overweight themselves. Measuring tricep skinfold thickness from ages 3 to 17 showed children of two obese parents were three times as fat as children of two lean parents by age 17.
Childhood obesity basics
This document provides an overview of childhood obesity including prevalence, risks, environmental and genetic factors, critical periods of development, diet, physical activity, and recommendations for prevention. Some key points:
- Rates of childhood obesity in the US have increased 2-3 fold over the last 25 years. Approximately 18.8% of US children ages 6-11 are overweight.
- Risk factors for childhood obesity include family history, low income, lack of physical activity, excess calorie intake, excessive screen time, and lack of breastfeeding.
- Critical periods for the development of obesity are gestation, ages 5-6, and adolescence. Early life nutrition and growth patterns can impact future health.
Lycopene
This document discusses lycopene, a carotenoid pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. It provides lycopene's sources, history of research on it, levels of intake in different populations, content in various foods, biological activities including antioxidant effects, and potential health benefits related to reducing risks of certain cancers and cardiovascular disease. The Pennington Nutrition Series publishes research from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center on nutrition, chronic disease prevention, and healthy aging.
Healthy grilling
Grilling vegetables and fruits instead of red meats can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. When vegetables are grilled, they do not form cancer-causing compounds like meats do. Colorful vegetables like corn, zucchini, and bell peppers as well as fruits make for healthy grilling options. To prevent the formation of cancer-causing PAHs and HCAs when grilling meats, one should use techniques like pre-cooking meats, avoiding excess fat and charring, frequent flipping, and marinating meats in herbs and spices.
Health benefits of green tea
This document summarizes potential health benefits of green tea. It discusses how green tea contains polyphenols, particularly catechins like EGCG, that may provide benefits. Some potential benefits highlighted include reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, certain cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. The document also discusses how green tea's antioxidants may protect cells from damage and help prevent chronic diseases associated with aging.
Genetic considerations in obesity development
The document summarizes genetic research on human obesity from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center. It details that over 600 genes have been associated with obesity. Specific genetic disorders are described that can cause obesity like Cushing's syndrome. Mouse models are used to study obesity genes and their role in food intake and metabolism. Genome-wide studies have linked obesity phenotypes to particular chromosomes. The research aims to identify gene combinations and mutations that influence obesity risk and how they interact with environment.
Adolescent curriculum Lesson plan 4
This document outlines a lesson plan on dietary fat for high school students. It covers key concepts about fat including what fat is, the functions of dietary fat, different types of fat like saturated, unsaturated and trans fats, and how fats affect health. The lesson defines terms like cholesterol and lipoproteins and discusses the importance of reducing unhealthy fats and increasing healthy fats. It provides information on fat content of different foods and evaluating fat on nutrition labels. The plan includes slides, activities and handouts to teach students about fats and their impact on health.
Complications of diabetes
The document discusses common potential complications of diabetes such as heart disease, kidney disease, eye complications, diabetic neuropathy, foot complications, skin complications, gastroparesis, and depression. It provides details on each complication including causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and treatment or prevention options. The document emphasizes the importance of controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol to reduce the risk of developing diabetes complications.
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Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
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GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
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These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
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Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
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Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
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Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
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Vitamin D
- 1. Vitamin D… Let the Sunshine In
- 2. What is Vitamin D? • Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that is stored in the body’s fatty tissue. • It is found in both food and it’s made by your skin when you are out in the sun!
- 3. What Foods Contain Vitamin D? • Salmon • Cod Liver Oil • Mackerel • Canned Tuna • Canned Sardines • Beef Liver • Oysters • Egg • Swiss Cheese • Milk • Numerous Fortified Products
- 4. Recommended Intake Vitamin D Intake Age Men Women Birth to 50 5 5 years Micrograms Micrograms 51 to 70 years 10 10 Micrograms Micrograms 71 and 15 15 older Micrograms Micrograms Source: The United States Food and Nutrition Board
- 5. What Does Vitamin D Do? • Calcium Absorption • Strengthen Bones • Prevent Ricketts, Osteoporosis, and Osteomalacia
- 6. What Does Vitamin D do? • Assist Nerve Function • Decrease Inflammation and prevent free radical damage • Boost Immune System • May Prevent Certain Cancers
- 7. Vitamin D deficiency can occur • In cold climates • Avoiding sun • Staying indoors • Avoiding foods high in Vitamin D
- 8. Mission: To promote healthier lives through research and education in nutrition and preventive medicine. The Pennington Center has several research areas, including: Clinical Obesity Research Authors: Experimental Obesity Functional Foods Heli Roy, PhD, RD Health and Performance Enhancement Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Beth Kalicki Nutrition and the Brain Dementia, Alzheimer’s and healthy aging Diet, exercise, weight loss and weight loss maintenance Division of Education The research fostered in these areas can have a profound impact on Pennington Biomedical healthy living and on the prevention of common chronic diseases, Research Center such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension and osteoporosis. The Division of Education provides education and information to the scientific community and the public about research findings, training programs and research areas, and coordinates educational events for the public on various health issues. We invite people of all ages and backgrounds to participate in the exciting research studies being conducted at the Pennington Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. If you would like to take part, visit the clinical trials web page at www.pbrc.edu or call (225) 763-3000.
Editor's Notes
- Say: Does anyone have an idea of where we get Vitamin D from?(Allow students to respond)Say: Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin. This means that it readily dissolves within the presence of fat. It is stored within the body’s fatty tissue. It is found in multiple foods and you can also get it by being out in the sun.
- Say: We can get Vitamin D from eating foods like salmon, mackerel, canned tuna or sardines, beef liver, eggs, swiss cheese, milk, and oysters, just to name a few. There are also products that have Vitamin D added to them. They are known as fortified products. Some fortified products that are high in Vitamin D include orange juice, yogurt, and margarine.
- Say: The United States Food and Nutrition Board recommends the following for intake of Vitamin D. People who are between the ages of birth to 50 should ingest 5 micrograms of Vitamin D daily. Those who are 51 to 70 years old need to get 10 micrograms of Vitamin D per day. Finally, people who are 71 years and older need to get 15 micrograms of Vitamin D daily.
- Say: Some of you may be wondering what the benefits of getting the recommended dosage of Vitamin D are. Vitamin D helps to promote calcium absorption and make your bones strong. When it is combined with Calcium, it helps to strengthen bones and prevent the disease Ricketts. It has also been shown to help reduce the risk of osteomalacia, or softening of bones, as well as osteoporosis, the weakening of bones. Both of these conditions, if left untreated, place someone at a higher risk of bone fracture.
- Vitamin D even helps to assist nerve function. It decreases inflammation and keeps our immune system healthy and strong.Vitamin D controls the expression of hundreds—and probably thousands—of genes. It is now recognized to play a crucial role in bone, cardiovascular, and colon and digestive-tract health; regulating blood pressure; guarding against cancer; and supporting healthy blood sugar levels in the human body.
- Say: You may be wondering if you can get too much Vitamin D. The answer is yes, you can. When your body accumulates toxic levels of this vitamin, is it shown by muscle weakness, vomiting, and even kidney stones. You should limit your sun exposure to 20 to 30 minutes per day, and avoid getting burned!