Vitamin C is an essential water-soluble nutrient that functions as an antioxidant. It is required in the diet since humans cannot produce it internally. Vitamin C deficiency can result in scurvy, with symptoms of bleeding gums, slow wound healing, and bone pain. Cooking, storage, and processing can reduce vitamin C content in foods. Good dietary sources include amla, guava, and citrus fruits. The recommended daily intake is 40 mg for adults.
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, vitamin dJasmineJuliet
Vitamin D - Chemistry,n Metabloism, Biosynthesis in our skin, Recommended dietary Allowance, Dietary sources of vitamin D, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin D.
Chemistry, and biochemical role, rda, vitamin dJasmineJuliet
Vitamin D - Chemistry,n Metabloism, Biosynthesis in our skin, Recommended dietary Allowance, Dietary sources of vitamin D, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin D, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin D.
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Though these vitamins share similar names, research shows that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. In general, supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e.g., B1, B2, B3 etc.).
Vitamin C introduction, Chemistry of Vitamin C, Biochemical Role of Vitamin C, (Collagen formation, Bone formation, Immunological response, Synthesis of Catacholamines, ), Recommended dietary Allowance of Vitamin C, Dietary Sources of Vitamin C, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin C, Food preparation to retain Vitamin C.
Vitamin k is a group of lipophilic hydrophobic vitamins. Fat soluble compound necessary for the synthesis of several proteins required for blood clotting.
Occurs in several forms:
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone)
Vitamin K3 (Menadione) – synthetic form
Chemistry of Vitamin K, Biochemical role of Vitamin K, Recommended dietary allowance of Vitamin K, Dietary sources of Vitamin K, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin K, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin K, Toxicity of Vitamin K
Small amounts of vitamins are required in the diet to promote growth, reproduction, and health. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are called the fat-soluble vitamins, because they are soluble in organic solvents and are absorbed and transported in a manner similar to that of fats.
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Though these vitamins share similar names, research shows that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. In general, supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamin supplements are referred to by the specific name of each vitamin (e.g., B1, B2, B3 etc.).
Vitamin C introduction, Chemistry of Vitamin C, Biochemical Role of Vitamin C, (Collagen formation, Bone formation, Immunological response, Synthesis of Catacholamines, ), Recommended dietary Allowance of Vitamin C, Dietary Sources of Vitamin C, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin C, Food preparation to retain Vitamin C.
Vitamin k is a group of lipophilic hydrophobic vitamins. Fat soluble compound necessary for the synthesis of several proteins required for blood clotting.
Occurs in several forms:
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone)
Vitamin K3 (Menadione) – synthetic form
Chemistry of Vitamin K, Biochemical role of Vitamin K, Recommended dietary allowance of Vitamin K, Dietary sources of Vitamin K, Deficiency symptoms of vitamin K, Hypervitaminosis of vitamin K, Toxicity of Vitamin K
Small amounts of vitamins are required in the diet to promote growth, reproduction, and health. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are called the fat-soluble vitamins, because they are soluble in organic solvents and are absorbed and transported in a manner similar to that of fats.
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency o.pdfnikhilpopli11
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C, which is required for
the synthesis of collagen in humans. The chemical name for vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is derived
from the Latin name of scurvy, scorbutus, which also provides the adjective scorbutic (\"of,
characterized by or having to do with scurvy\"). Scurvy often presents itself initially as
symptoms of malaise and lethargy, followed by formation of spots on the skin, spongy gums, and
bleeding from the mucous membranes. Spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a
person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. As scurvy
advances, there can be open, suppurating wounds, loss of teeth, jaundice, fever, neuropathy and
death. Scurvy was at one time common among sailors, pirates and others aboard ships at sea
longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored (subsisting instead only on cured and
salted meats and dried grains) and by soldiers similarly separated from these foods for extended
periods. It was described by Hippocrates (c. 460 BC–c. 380 BC), and herbal cures for scurvy
have been known in many native cultures since prehistory. Scurvy was one of the limiting factors
of marine travel, often killing large numbers of the passengers and crew on long-distance
voyages. This became a significant issue in Europe from the beginning of the modern era in the
Age of Discovery in the 15th century, continuing to play a significant role through World War I
in the 20th century. Today scurvy is known to be caused by a nutritional deficiency, but until the
isolation of vitamin C and its direct link to scurvy in 1932, numerous theories and treatments
were proposed, often on little or no experimental data. This inconsistency is attributed to the lack
of vitamin C as a distinct concept, the varying vitamin C content of different foods (notably
present in fresh citrus, watercress, and organ meat), and how vitamin C can be destroyed by
exposure to air and copper. Treatment by fresh food, particularly citrus fruit, was periodically
implemented, as it had been since antiquity, but the ultimate cause of scurvy was not known until
1932, and treatment was inconsistent, with many ineffective treatments used into the 20th
century. It was a Scottish surgeon in the British Royal Navy, James Lind who first proved it
could be treated with citrus fruit in experiments he described in his 1753 book, A Treatise of the
Scurvy,[1] though his advice was not implemented by the Royal Navy for several decades. In
infants, scurvy is sometimes referred to as Barlow\'s disease, named after Sir Thomas Barlow,[2]
a British physician who described it.[3] (N.B. Barlow\'s disease may also refer to mitral valve
prolapse.) Other eponyms include Moeller\'s disease and Cheadle\'s disease. Scurvy does not
occur in most animals because they can synthesize their own vitamin C. However, humans and
other higher primates (the simians and tarsiers), guinea pigs, most or all b.
A vitamin is an organic chemical compound required by an organism as a vital nutrient in limited amounts for promoting healthy physiological functions of the body and cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet.Thirteen vitamins are universally recognized
A vitamin is an organic compound required by an organism as a vital nutrient in limited amounts. An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet. Thus, the term is conditional both on the circumstances and on the particular organism.
Liposomal vitamin c: Also referred to as L-ascorbic acid, soluble in water (hydrosoluble) and powerful antioxidant. It is essential for tissue repair and growth and collagen synthesis in blood vessels, bones and cartilages.
Vitamins UNIT-7 biochemistry and clinical pathology, D.Pharm 2nd year.pptxAanchal Gupta
Vitamins, unit-7 for D.Pharm second year, According to PCI syllabus.
Definition and classification with examples
Sources, chemical nature, functions, coenzyme form, recommended dietary requirements, deficiency diseases of fat-and water-soluble vitamins
Can the health system sustain population explosion in indiaHarivansh Chopra
The present pandemic has taught us many lessons as far as health care delivery system is concerned in india. population growth is a neglected issue for many decades in india and it is well known that till we are able to control the growth ,all remedial action to improve health care go in vain.this presentation is highlighting the existing gaps in the provision of primary health care in india. we definitely need to increase the percentage of GDP on health as well as control the population.
Lesson learned and not learned in COVID -19 PANDEMICHarivansh Chopra
in march 2019 WHO declared covid -19 as pandemic and since than we have come long way to understand the epidemiology of covid -19. we also have learned quite a number of unpleasant/pleasant lessons in the control and management of covod -19. vaccines have been developed by a quite rapid pace across the globe and similarly vaccine hesitancy and utilisation has also been seen across the globe . this is a very simple presentation highlighting the the importance of correct knowledge and strategies to control this pandemic
Bio psycho social and spiritual dimension and chdHarivansh Chopra
This presentation is a part of webinar on prevention and reversal of chd and type 2 diabetes mellitus . in this presentation prof rahul bansal has emphasised the role of mind body connection and role of stress in causation as well its removal in prevention and reversal of chd.he has given ample evidence of use of meditation, yoga, as well as of prayers and diet in the reversal of chd
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE is a modern epidemic in india. due to changes in living conditions and habits its prevalence is increasing day by day . in this presentation i have explained the various risk factors and innovations in diagnosis of CAD. IT is very useful for primary health care physicians and community medicine specialist
Promotion of child survival -Experiences, innovations and opportunitiesHarivansh Chopra
In this presentation, i have discussed the normal growth in children. the focus of attention must be an infant as it is the time of maximum growth and chances of growth faltering are also high. if one has to reduce underfive mortality and promote child survival than aBIGWIN APPROACH is to be followed. i have also shared few success stories of low birth weight babies attaining the target at one year of age.causes of malnutrition are also discussed and what type of opportunities are there for public health professional in the community settings.focus from under six has to be shifted to ist year of life
crying in infant is a normal phenomenon but can be troublesome when an infant cry excessively. colic is an acronym and it is important to rule out every physiological and pathological cause before making a diagnosis of colic.this presentation will help you in doing so . happy viewing.
Success stories & innovative approach for prevention of childhood malnutr...Harivansh Chopra
in this presentation i have shown few success stories of low birth weight children attaining normal weight by the end of first year by implementing an innovative BIGWIN APPROACH. Bigwin is an acronym for the best practices described aptly in this presentation.if we can shift the strategy to prevent malnutrition in children from under six to under one than we can overcome malnutrition in five years time provided if we are able to reach every pregnant women and newborn child.
This is a most basic presentation on balanced diet and RDA. Unfortunately the basic requirements are easily forgotten and right kind of nutrition education is thus not provided to population. Remembering the right requirement in vulnerable periods is of utmost important to prevent the occurrence of deficiency and its deleterious effects
CORONARY HEART DISEASE is the modern epidemic facing the developing world. Among all the modifiable risk factors ,diet plays an important role in all of them. adequate knowledge is the first step towards behaviour change . in this presentation I have tried to impress upon food items which are beneficial as well as harmful for individuals having risk factors or disease . hope it will stimulate the viewer to understand and change the eating habits in the society.
Nutrition assessment in children- dr harivansh chopraHarivansh Chopra
Assessment of nutritional status especially in vulnerable population is important for taking prompt action. young children are the most affected proportion of the population in the world.In community settings, rapid methods of assessment are important tools to identify children suffering from both macro and micro deficiencies .This is pictorial presentation showing various methods as well as pictures of deficiencies
Nutritional deficiencies are very common in india as well as in other developing countries.both macro and micro nutrients are not eaten in adequate quantities in india due to poverty and ignorance. A number of national program are there to combat these deficiencies.But unfortunately effective implementation is lacking due to which nutritional deficiency is not being overcome in our country. Now due to covid -19 these are bound to increase
Stress is the gift of modern society which has got a lot of bearing on the mental and physical health of the people . the stress can't be eliminated in totality but can be minimised by using this simple presentation and applying it in day to day life .the answer of stress is in the word stress only.kindly view and use and share it further.
Medicine is considered as one of the best profession in the world and Doctors are still considered next to GOD because they save human life. now a days doctors in developing countries are under tremendous stress. lot of changes are happening in medical education and recently national medical commission has started a new initiative to to change the teaching learning practices medical colleges. Now the upcoming doctors are to be trained keeping in mind the necessary attributes and skills which are required to fulfil their responsibility in fitting manner in future.
This presentation is based upon my more than 3 decades of experience in medical college.
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to reduce mortality and morbidity caused by vaccine preventable diseases. in this part i am going to describe regarding cold chain ,frequently ask questions regarding vaccines and how to manage acute and life threatening adverse reactions at most peripheral level
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to prevent morbidity as well as mortality. it also help in prevention of malnutrition in young children.still developing countries are trying hard to make it universal. in india lot of changes have taken place in the immunization schedule and number of newer vaccines have been incorporated. still the awareness as well as acceptability is not universal . this presentation is very basic and will help students as well as teachers. we all have to join hands to make it universal
japenese encephalitis is an important vector borne disease which carries a high mortality as well as high disability. it is a preventable disease and an effective vaccine is available for it.the vaccine is an important part of universal immunization program in india. Environmental modification and control of vector will go long way in the control of this disease.
Enhancing child survival means keeping the normal child as normal as well as bringing low birth weight child to normal.this presentation describe four real stories of low birth weight children attaining normal weight by the end of first year. for this intensive child caring practices are to be implemented. in fact a BIGWIN APPROACH is applied. if this strategy is scaled up then we can make india and other developing countries free of malnutrition in five years thereby giving a big boost to child survival.videotalk can be seen at https://youtu.be/7Ey07cV2clw
Tuberculosis infection is very common in the world and the disease manifest when ever either the virulence of the organism increases or the resistance of the host goes down.it can affect any part of the body.the best method of control of tuberculosis is early diagnosis and treatment.despite international cooperation the problem of resistance in tuberculosis is increasing and great efforts are being made to tackle this problem both in diagnostic tools as well as in treatment modalities. the social factors also play a big role in the causation as well as emergence of resistance is concerned . a participatory approach is required to combat the problem.
meningococcal meningitis is a very serious and fatal disease if not treated in time. the case fatality rate can go upto 50% in untreated cases .there are many strains which are responsible for its occurrence .it tend to occur both in endemic as well as in epidemic form. a qudrivalent vaccine is available for protection. recipient of this vaccine are to be given chemo prophylaxis .recently a vaccine against type b strain has been made avialable in canada for use in routine immunization
This presentation describes the Evolution of Community Medicine from the word hygiene to public health to preventive and social medicine to community medicine . It is a very simple presentation which describes difference between doctor ,good doctor and a very good doctor. It also includes recent IAPSM ( INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE) definition of Community Medicine and what are the key functions of Community Medicine Specialist. it also describes concept of Socialized Medicine.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
4. HISTORY
As early as the 1700's,
vitamin C was referred to
as the "antiscorbutic
factor," since it helped
prevent the disease called
scurvy.
5. HISTORY
This disease was first
discovered in British
sailors, whose sea
voyages left them far away
from natural surroundings
for long periods of time.
6. HISTORY
Their body stores of
vitamin C fell below 300
milligrams, and their gums
and skin lost the protective
effects of vitamin C.
7. HISTORY
Recognizing limes as a
good shipboard source of
vitamin C, the British
sailors became known as
"limeys" for carrying large
stores of limes aboard
ship.
8. What is vitamin C?
Vitamin C, also called Ascorbic acid, is a
water-soluble nutrient that is easily
excreted from the body when not
needed.
9. What is vitamin C?
It's so critical to
living creatures
that almost all
mammals can use
their own cells to
make it.
10. What is vitamin C?
Humans, gorillas,
chimps, bats, guinea
pigs and birds are some
of the few animals that
cannot make vitamin C
inside of their own
bodies.
11. What is vitamin C?
Humans vary greatly
in their vitamin C
requirement, and the
amount of vitamin C
found in food varies
as dramatically as our
human requirement.
12. How it Functions?
Vitamin C serves a predominantly
protective role in the body.
The protective role of vitamin C goes far
beyond our skin and gums.
14. How it Functions?
Vitamin C
achieves much of
its protective effect
by functioning as
an antioxidant and
preventing oxygen-
based damage to
cells.
15. How it Functions?
Structures that
contain fat are
particularly
dependent on
vitamin C for
protection.
19. Impact of Cooking,
Storage and Processing
How do cooking, storage, or processing
affect vitamin C?
Vitamin C is highly sensitive to air, water, and
temperature.
About 25% of the vit. C in vegetables can be
lost simply by boiling or steaming the food for a
few minutes).
20. Impact of Cooking,
Storage and Processing
This same degree of loss occurs in freezing and
unthawing of vegetables and fruits.
Cooking of vegetables and fruits for longer
periods of time (10-20 minutes) can result in a
loss of over one half the total vitamin C
content.
21. Impact of Cooking,
Storage and Processing
When fruits and vegetables are canned and
then reheated, only 1/3 of the original vitamin
C content may be left.
Consumption of vitamin C-rich foods in
their fresh, raw form is the best way to
maximize vitamin C intake.
22. Public Health Recommendations
REQUIREMENTS:-
1) TERM INFANTS: 25mg/day
2) PREMATURE BABIES: 50mg/day
3) OLDER CHILDREN & ADULTS:40mg/day
4) LACTATION : 80mg/day
5) PREGNANCY 60Mg/day
23. Drug-Nutrient Interactions
Categories of drugs that can
diminish the body's supply
of vitamin C include :
1. Oral contraceptives,
2. NSAIDs
3. Corticosteroids,
4. Sulfa drugs and,
5. Barbituates.
25. Nutrient Interactions
Vitamin C also has
important interactions
with other vitamins.
Excessive intake of
vitamin A, for eg., is
less toxic to the body
when vitamin C is
readily available.
26. Nutrient Interactions
Vitamin C is involved
in the regeneration of
vitamin E, and these
two vitamins appear
to work together as
t h e a n t i o x i d a n t s
27. Health Conditions
What health conditions require special
emphasis on vitamin C?
1. Acne
2. Alcoholism
3. Alzheimer's disease
4. Asthma
29. Clinical Features
What are the clinical
features of vitamin C
deficiency?
1) Scurvy, i.e. bleeding gums
2) Slow wound healing,
3) Anemia,
30. Clinical Features
4) Tender bones and infant
is reluctant to move his
limbs which are kept in
frog like position
(pseudoparalysis)
5) Shortness of breath
6) Fatigue,
31. Clinical Features
7) Easy bruising.
8) Nose bleeds.
9) Frequent
infections.
10) increased risk for
various cancers,
32. Clinical Features
11) impaired formation and
maintenance of collagen
resulting in “scorbutic
rosary”.
12) Impaired multiple
hormonal functions,
13) Dermatitis,
33. Clinical Features
14) Petechial haemorrhages
are often present in skin
and mucous membranes.
15) Hematuria
16) Malena
17) Orbital & subdural
haemorrhage may also
occur.
35. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Other causes of Pseudoparalysis viz. :
1. Septic arthritis
2. Osteomyelitis
3. Congenital syphilis
4. Pseudoparalysis maybe confused with
polio.
36. DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis is based on
Radiological features
mainly seen at the lower
end of femur and upper end
of humerus and tibia.
Bone assumes a ground
glass appearance with
pencil thin cortex.
37. RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS
Metaphysis demonstrate a zone
of well calcified cartilage,
referred to as WHITE LINE OF
FRENKEL.
Epiphysial centres of ossification
are surrounded by a white ring
(WIMBURGER SIGN)
38. RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS
The zone of rarefaction is a
linear break in the bone
proximal and parallel to white
line.
The lateral part of zone
appears as a triangular defect.
Epiphysial separation may
occur.
39. RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS
A) Early scurvy: White lines
on the ends of shaft of tibia
and fibula
Separation of epiphysis of
femur & tibia
B) Zone of destruction in
femur
A B
40. RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS
A) AP view of lower extremities
showing :
1. Ground-glass osteopenia,
2. Trummerfeld zone &
3. Pelkan spurs.
A B
41. BIOCHEMICAL FINDINGS
The ascorbic acid concentration of the
white cell/platelet layer (BUFFY LAYER) of
centrifuged oxalate blood is an indicator of
vitamin C status.
A level of zero in this layer indicates latent
scurvy, even in the absence of clinical
signs of deficiency.
44. Toxicity Symptoms
What are toxicity symptoms for vitamin
C?
At high supplemental doses involving 5 or
more grams of vitamin C, diarrhea can
result from the fluid in the intestine
becoming too concentrated
("osmotic diarrhea").
45. Toxicity Symptoms
Large supplemental doses of vitamin C can
also increase levels of uric acid in the urine,
because vitamin C can be broken down
into uric acid.
Vitamin C can increase a person's
absorption of iron from plant foods
46. Toxicity Symptoms
It is important to
remember that all of
the above toxicity-
related issues involve
vitamin C in
supplemental form, not
as it naturally occurs in
food.
47. 1). Vitamin C is present in largest amount
in body in –
1. Eye
2. Kidney
3. Testes
4. Adrenal cortex
Ans.- 4
48. 2). Conversion of proline to
hydroxyproline is brought about by –
1. Vit.C mediated hydroxylation
2. Reverse hydroxylation
3. Inversion
4. Post translation induction
Ans.- 1
49. 3). A vitamin which serves as a reducing
agent is –
1. Vit C
2. Vit D
3. Folic acid
4. Thiamine
Ans.- 1
50. 4). Which of the following vitamin acts as
respiratory catalyst? –
1. Thiamine
2. Riboflavin
3. Cyanocobalamine
4. Ascorbic acid
Ans.- 4
51. 5). Pelcan spur is a feature of deficiency
of which vitamin? –
1. Vit E
2. Vit C
3. Vit K
4. Vit A
Ans.- 2
52. 6) What percentage of vitamin C in
vegetables is destroyed by boiling?
1. 20%
2. 25%
3. 30%
4. 35%
Ans.-2
53. 6). The highest quantity of vit C is found
in-
1. Orange
2. Lemon
3. Indian gooseberry
4. Grapes
Ans.- 3
54. 7) The requirement of vitamin C in
pregnancy is:
1. 30 mg
2. 40 mg
3. 60 mg
4. 80 mg
Ans.- 2
55. 8) Radiological features of vitamin C
deficiency are best seen in:
1. Wrist joint
2. Elbow joint
3. Knee joint
4. Hip joint
Ans.-3
56. 9) Limeys are:
1. British sailors
2. French sailors
3. German sailors
4. Indian sailors
Ans.-1
57. 10) Which of the following animals cannot
synthesise vitamin C in their own body?
1. Gorillas
2. Chimps
3. Humans
4. All of the above
Ans.-4