Vernier caliper
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Vernier calliper and to measure with it. Use of vernier calliper, zero error, least count, and how to take measurements
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Vernier caliper
This document provides information about the Vernier caliper, including its history, parts, construction, use, and measurements. It describes that the Vernier caliper was invented in 1631 to provide extra precision in measurements. It has fixed and movable jaws that can measure external, internal, and depth dimensions. The document explains how to use a Vernier caliper by finding the least count, aligning the scales to get the main and Vernier readings, and using the measurement formula to calculate dimensions within 0.1 mm precision.
Vernier calliper
CONTENT
-HISTORY OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-TYPES OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-ANALOG VERNIER CALLIPER
-DIAL VERNIER CALLIPER
-DIGITAL VERNIER CALLIPER
-CONSTRUCTION OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-LEAST COUNT OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-USE OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-HOW TO MEASURE
-HANDLING OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-ERROR IN VERNIER CALLIPER
-STORAGE OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-MANUFACTURER OF VERNIER CALLIPER
Vernier calliper
A Vernier caliper is a tool used to take precise linear measurements. It has a main scale and sliding Vernier scale that allows measurements within 0.05 mm. The document describes the parts of a Vernier caliper including the jaws, probe, scales, and screw clamp. It provides the formula to calculate measurements from the main and Vernier scale readings taking into account the least count of 0.05 mm. The procedure for using a Vernier caliper to measure specimens is outlined, including checking for zero error, taking readings from the scales, and calculating the final measurement. Sources of error in using the Vernier caliper are also discussed.
Vernier caliper use
This document describes how to use a Vernier caliper to take precise measurements and calculate percentage error. It explains the parts of a Vernier caliper including internal and external jaws, depth rod, and main and Vernier scales. It provides the formula for calculating least count and how to determine measurements based on main scale reading, Vernier scale reading, and least count. The document also discusses types of errors in Vernier calipers and the procedure for taking accurate measurements and calculating percentage error.
Vernier Caliper
The document discusses how to use a Vernier caliper to accurately measure diameter, thickness, depth, and other linear measurements. It explains that a Vernier caliper has inside jaws, outside jaws, a Vernier scale, main scale, and depth gauge. It provides instructions for measuring internal diameter, external diameter, and depth using different parts of the caliper. It also describes how to obtain an accurate reading by matching lines on the Vernier and main scales.
The vernier caliper
The Vernier caliper is a precision instrument used to measure internal and external distances. It consists of two jaws - a fixed jaw with a main scale and a movable jaw with a Vernier scale. The Vernier scale has 10 divisions over 0.9 mm, allowing measurements to be read to 0.1 mm. To take a reading, the object is placed between the jaws and the main and Vernier scales are aligned. The Vernier division that lines up gives the measurement, which is calculated using the least count and added to the main scale reading along with any zero correction. The Vernier caliper provides accurate measurements but requires good eyesight and an understanding of how to use it.
Vernier caliper
This document discusses the vernier caliper, a tool used to measure internal, external, and depth dimensions. It describes the main parts of the vernier caliper including the main scale, vernier scale, inside and outside jaws, screw clamp, and depth probe. The document explains how to properly read measurements from the vernier scale by identifying where the zero points of the main and vernier scales align. Examples are given of measuring lengths accurately to within 1/10, 1/20 and 1/50 of a millimeter. Slides provide exercises for students to practice using the vernier caliper to take measurements.
01b vernier caliper
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Least count: 0.05 mm (each line on the vernier scale represents 0.05 mm)
2. Fixed scale reading: 75 mm
3. Vernier scale reading: 0.30 mm (the line that best aligns with a line on the fixed scale)
4. Total reading: 75.30 mm
Some fire safety precautions for workshops include:
- Store flammable liquids in approved and labeled containers away from heat sources
- Ensure fire extinguishers are readily accessible and properly maintained
- Keep work areas clear of debris that could fuel a fire
- Use spark guards when grinding or welding near fl
Recommended
Vernier caliper
This document provides information about the Vernier caliper, including its history, parts, construction, use, and measurements. It describes that the Vernier caliper was invented in 1631 to provide extra precision in measurements. It has fixed and movable jaws that can measure external, internal, and depth dimensions. The document explains how to use a Vernier caliper by finding the least count, aligning the scales to get the main and Vernier readings, and using the measurement formula to calculate dimensions within 0.1 mm precision.
Vernier calliper
CONTENT
-HISTORY OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-TYPES OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-ANALOG VERNIER CALLIPER
-DIAL VERNIER CALLIPER
-DIGITAL VERNIER CALLIPER
-CONSTRUCTION OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-LEAST COUNT OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-USE OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-HOW TO MEASURE
-HANDLING OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-ERROR IN VERNIER CALLIPER
-STORAGE OF VERNIER CALLIPER
-MANUFACTURER OF VERNIER CALLIPER
Vernier calliper
A Vernier caliper is a tool used to take precise linear measurements. It has a main scale and sliding Vernier scale that allows measurements within 0.05 mm. The document describes the parts of a Vernier caliper including the jaws, probe, scales, and screw clamp. It provides the formula to calculate measurements from the main and Vernier scale readings taking into account the least count of 0.05 mm. The procedure for using a Vernier caliper to measure specimens is outlined, including checking for zero error, taking readings from the scales, and calculating the final measurement. Sources of error in using the Vernier caliper are also discussed.
Vernier caliper use
This document describes how to use a Vernier caliper to take precise measurements and calculate percentage error. It explains the parts of a Vernier caliper including internal and external jaws, depth rod, and main and Vernier scales. It provides the formula for calculating least count and how to determine measurements based on main scale reading, Vernier scale reading, and least count. The document also discusses types of errors in Vernier calipers and the procedure for taking accurate measurements and calculating percentage error.
Vernier Caliper
The document discusses how to use a Vernier caliper to accurately measure diameter, thickness, depth, and other linear measurements. It explains that a Vernier caliper has inside jaws, outside jaws, a Vernier scale, main scale, and depth gauge. It provides instructions for measuring internal diameter, external diameter, and depth using different parts of the caliper. It also describes how to obtain an accurate reading by matching lines on the Vernier and main scales.
The vernier caliper
The Vernier caliper is a precision instrument used to measure internal and external distances. It consists of two jaws - a fixed jaw with a main scale and a movable jaw with a Vernier scale. The Vernier scale has 10 divisions over 0.9 mm, allowing measurements to be read to 0.1 mm. To take a reading, the object is placed between the jaws and the main and Vernier scales are aligned. The Vernier division that lines up gives the measurement, which is calculated using the least count and added to the main scale reading along with any zero correction. The Vernier caliper provides accurate measurements but requires good eyesight and an understanding of how to use it.
Vernier caliper
This document discusses the vernier caliper, a tool used to measure internal, external, and depth dimensions. It describes the main parts of the vernier caliper including the main scale, vernier scale, inside and outside jaws, screw clamp, and depth probe. The document explains how to properly read measurements from the vernier scale by identifying where the zero points of the main and vernier scales align. Examples are given of measuring lengths accurately to within 1/10, 1/20 and 1/50 of a millimeter. Slides provide exercises for students to practice using the vernier caliper to take measurements.
01b vernier caliper
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
1. Least count: 0.05 mm (each line on the vernier scale represents 0.05 mm)
2. Fixed scale reading: 75 mm
3. Vernier scale reading: 0.30 mm (the line that best aligns with a line on the fixed scale)
4. Total reading: 75.30 mm
Some fire safety precautions for workshops include:
- Store flammable liquids in approved and labeled containers away from heat sources
- Ensure fire extinguishers are readily accessible and properly maintained
- Keep work areas clear of debris that could fuel a fire
- Use spark guards when grinding or welding near fl
1. Calipers
IV-SFX, here\'s the Powerpoint Presentation Mr. Tubelleza showed us today. Please do study, thanks! :D
Micrometer screw gauge
1) The document describes how to use a micrometer screw gauge to measure the diameter of a wire and thickness of a glass plate.
2) A micrometer screw gauge has a frame that holds an anvil and barrel. Turning the thimble moves a screw to take precise measurements.
3) To measure the diameter of a wire, it is inserted between the screw and anvil. Readings from the main and circular scales are used to calculate the diameter to within 0.01 mm.
Micrometer and-vernier-calipers-reading-with-instructions-19897
This document discusses how to identify and account for zero error when using micrometers and vernier calipers. It explains that a micrometer has positive zero error if the zero marking is below the datum line, and negative zero error if above, and in either case the zero error value must be subtracted from readings. Vernier calipers also require identifying and subtracting any zero error based on the misalignment of the zero marking and datum line.
Screw gauge
A screw gauge is used to measure small lengths and diameters more accurately than a Vernier caliper. It works on the principle of a screw, where rotating the thimble causes the threaded spindle to move linearly. The spindle is connected to a main scale with millimeter divisions. Each division on the thimble's circular scale corresponds to 0.01mm movement. The least count is therefore 0.01mm. To take a measurement, the object is placed between the spindle and stud. Its diameter can be read where the thimble's zero aligns with the main scale.
vernier caliper
This document contains a handout on measurements using vernier calipers. It includes 10 questions about using vernier calipers to measure lengths and diameters. It asks the student to determine readings, least counts, and correct measurements based on readings and known zero errors. The document also contains 4 review questions about the principle and use of vernier calipers, including determining the least count, correcting for zero error, and which type of vernier scale can measure more accurately.
Linear measurements vernier and micro meter
The document discusses vernier calipers and micrometers. It describes the basic components and workings of each tool. Vernier calipers use a main scale and vernier scale to take more precise measurements than a simple caliper. A micrometer uses a precisely threaded screw that moves the spindle 0.5 mm with each full revolution. The least count of a micrometer, which is the smallest measurement it can make, depends on the screw pitch and number of divisions on the circular scale. Key parts of a micrometer include the frame, anvil, spindle, sleeve, screw, thimble, ratchet, and various scales.
Linear measurements
The document discusses various types of linear measurement instruments. It describes precision instruments such as vernier calipers, micrometers, height gauges and depth gauges. Vernier calipers use two scales to increase measurement accuracy to 0.1mm. Micrometers can measure to 0.01mm using a screw mechanism and 50-division thimble scale. Precision instruments like depth micrometers and bench micrometers are used to measure internal features and provide repeated measurements.
Vernier caliper
This experimental presentation explains about the usage of the vernier caliper.
It starts with a definition of the vernier caliper, then goes on introducing the parts, errors, special definitions and as to how a measurement could be taken.
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This document discusses measuring length using vernier calipers and micrometers. It describes the main parts of each instrument and how to take accurate readings. Choosing the appropriate measuring tool depends on the size, location, and difficulty of measuring the length. The document includes examples of measuring the diameter of objects and depth to illustrate how to select the best instrument. It concludes with a short quiz to test the understanding of using vernier calipers and micrometers.
micrometer and vernier calipers reading with instructions
The document discusses how to read micrometers and vernier calipers, including determining zero error for micrometers. It explains that if the zero marking on the thimble is above the datum line, there is a negative zero error equal to the number of divisions between the markings times 0.01mm, and if below, there is a positive zero error equal to the thimble reading in millimeters. Readings taken on micrometers must subtract the determined zero error.
Measuring Instruments (Measurements) lec 08 Talal Khan
Chapter02 Measurements (Measuring Instruments) Lec-08
Learning Objectives
Review
Concept of Prefix in Physics
Measuring Instruments
Vernier Caliper
Screw Gauge
Review Questions
Prefix Used with SI Units
Measuring Instruments
1. Vernier Caliper Metter stick measures the length in mm at minimum level if we need to find even smaller values of length we use Vernier caliper. It can measure length up to 0.01 mm (10 Micrometers)
Home Task
Watch the provided videos and write the process of taking measurements from Vernier caliper and screw guage
Thank You For Your Cooperation
Presentation On SlideShare “Measuring Instruments (Measurements) Lec 08 ”
Micrometer or screw gauge
The document describes a micrometer or screw gauge, which is a precision measuring tool invented in 1638. It has two scales - a main linear scale graduated in 0.500 mm marks and a rotating scale with 50 divisions each equal to 0.010 mm. To take a measurement, the spindle is turned until it contacts the object being measured. The reading is the sum of the values indicated on the two scales. The precision or least count is 0.01 mm, determined by dividing the pitch (distance moved per rotation) by the number of divisions on the rotating scale. Potential sources of error include non-removal of zero error and improper reading.
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This PowerPoint introduces students to basic principles and rules of the International System of Measurement.
How to use Vernier Caliper and how to take measurement from it.
This document describes how to use a Vernier caliper to take measurements. It defines true value as the average of infinite measurements with zero average deviation, while measured value is the approximated true value found from multiple readings. Static error is the difference between measured and true values. The procedure explains how to check for zero error, take main and Vernier scale readings, calculate the measurement using least count, and record results from different specimens. Precautions include cleaning the caliper and items measured to minimize errors and get accurate readings.
How to read vernier caliper easily
Vernier calipers are measurement tools commonly used in the automotive industry. They have adjustable jaws that can measure external dimensions by placing an object between the lower jaws, or internal diameters by inserting the upper inverted jaws into a hole. To take a measurement, the object is placed between or inside the jaws and both the main scale and vernier scale are observed. The reading is where the vernier scale mark coincides with the main scale, with the main scale showing the first digit and the vernier scale showing the second digit of the measurement. Proper use requires positioning the jaws correctly, then locking them in place using the locking screw.
Precision measurement
The document discusses various precision measurement tools including steel rules, fractional and decimal inch rulers, hooked rules, inside and outside calipers, dial and digital calipers, micrometers, gauge blocks, and squares. It provides details on how to use, read measurements from, and properly care for each type of tool. Examples and exercises are included to demonstrate how to perform measurements and calculations with fractions and in decimal and metric units.
Micrometer screw gauge
This presentation is all about the micrometer screw gauge. First the presentation explains about the basics (parts, special definitions and errors) of a micrometer and finally , using example readings, explains as to how a measurement can be taken.
ME6504 Metrology and measurement unit 1
The document discusses factors to consider in selecting measurement instruments, including sensitivity, hysteresis, range, span, response time, repeatability, accuracy, precision, and more. It also summarizes various methods of measurement such as direct, indirect, absolute, comparative, transposition, coincidence, deflection, complementary, contact, and contactless methods. The key aspects of a measurement system are to provide information about a physical variable being measured.
Metrology
Metrology is the science of measurement and involves establishing measurement units, developing measurement methods, analyzing measurement errors, and ensuring accuracy. Key aspects of metrology include linear and angular measurements using various instruments ranging from simple rules and calipers to high-precision gauges, comparators, and microscopes. Metrology allows for planning, commercial exchange, and quality control through precise quantification.
Micrometer
Outside Micrometer-parts-measurement using micrometer-errors in reading micrometer-measurement using vernier micrometer.
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This document discusses measurement errors and uncertainty. It defines measurement as assigning a number and unit to a property using an instrument. Error is the difference between the measured value and true value. There are two main types of error: random error, which varies unpredictably, and systematic error, which remains constant or varies predictably. Sources of error include the measuring instrument and technique used. Uncertainty is the doubt about a measurement and is quantified with an interval and confidence level, such as 20 cm ±1 cm at 95% confidence. Uncertainty is important for tasks like calibration where it must be reported.
Error analysis
This document discusses error analysis and significant figures in measurements. It defines absolute and relative errors, and explains that random errors can be estimated by taking multiple measurements and calculating their standard deviation. Systematic errors result from flaws in the measurement process. The document also provides rules for propagating errors through calculations based on measured values. Measurements should be reported with a number of significant figures consistent with their estimated error.
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1. Calipers
IV-SFX, here\'s the Powerpoint Presentation Mr. Tubelleza showed us today. Please do study, thanks! :D
Micrometer screw gauge
1) The document describes how to use a micrometer screw gauge to measure the diameter of a wire and thickness of a glass plate.
2) A micrometer screw gauge has a frame that holds an anvil and barrel. Turning the thimble moves a screw to take precise measurements.
3) To measure the diameter of a wire, it is inserted between the screw and anvil. Readings from the main and circular scales are used to calculate the diameter to within 0.01 mm.
Micrometer and-vernier-calipers-reading-with-instructions-19897
This document discusses how to identify and account for zero error when using micrometers and vernier calipers. It explains that a micrometer has positive zero error if the zero marking is below the datum line, and negative zero error if above, and in either case the zero error value must be subtracted from readings. Vernier calipers also require identifying and subtracting any zero error based on the misalignment of the zero marking and datum line.
Screw gauge
A screw gauge is used to measure small lengths and diameters more accurately than a Vernier caliper. It works on the principle of a screw, where rotating the thimble causes the threaded spindle to move linearly. The spindle is connected to a main scale with millimeter divisions. Each division on the thimble's circular scale corresponds to 0.01mm movement. The least count is therefore 0.01mm. To take a measurement, the object is placed between the spindle and stud. Its diameter can be read where the thimble's zero aligns with the main scale.
vernier caliper
This document contains a handout on measurements using vernier calipers. It includes 10 questions about using vernier calipers to measure lengths and diameters. It asks the student to determine readings, least counts, and correct measurements based on readings and known zero errors. The document also contains 4 review questions about the principle and use of vernier calipers, including determining the least count, correcting for zero error, and which type of vernier scale can measure more accurately.
Linear measurements vernier and micro meter
The document discusses vernier calipers and micrometers. It describes the basic components and workings of each tool. Vernier calipers use a main scale and vernier scale to take more precise measurements than a simple caliper. A micrometer uses a precisely threaded screw that moves the spindle 0.5 mm with each full revolution. The least count of a micrometer, which is the smallest measurement it can make, depends on the screw pitch and number of divisions on the circular scale. Key parts of a micrometer include the frame, anvil, spindle, sleeve, screw, thimble, ratchet, and various scales.
Linear measurements
The document discusses various types of linear measurement instruments. It describes precision instruments such as vernier calipers, micrometers, height gauges and depth gauges. Vernier calipers use two scales to increase measurement accuracy to 0.1mm. Micrometers can measure to 0.01mm using a screw mechanism and 50-division thimble scale. Precision instruments like depth micrometers and bench micrometers are used to measure internal features and provide repeated measurements.
Vernier caliper
This experimental presentation explains about the usage of the vernier caliper.
It starts with a definition of the vernier caliper, then goes on introducing the parts, errors, special definitions and as to how a measurement could be taken.
Physics M1 Vernier Caliper & Micrometer
This document discusses measuring length using vernier calipers and micrometers. It describes the main parts of each instrument and how to take accurate readings. Choosing the appropriate measuring tool depends on the size, location, and difficulty of measuring the length. The document includes examples of measuring the diameter of objects and depth to illustrate how to select the best instrument. It concludes with a short quiz to test the understanding of using vernier calipers and micrometers.
micrometer and vernier calipers reading with instructions
The document discusses how to read micrometers and vernier calipers, including determining zero error for micrometers. It explains that if the zero marking on the thimble is above the datum line, there is a negative zero error equal to the number of divisions between the markings times 0.01mm, and if below, there is a positive zero error equal to the thimble reading in millimeters. Readings taken on micrometers must subtract the determined zero error.
Measuring Instruments (Measurements) lec 08 Talal Khan
Chapter02 Measurements (Measuring Instruments) Lec-08
Learning Objectives
Review
Concept of Prefix in Physics
Measuring Instruments
Vernier Caliper
Screw Gauge
Review Questions
Prefix Used with SI Units
Measuring Instruments
1. Vernier Caliper Metter stick measures the length in mm at minimum level if we need to find even smaller values of length we use Vernier caliper. It can measure length up to 0.01 mm (10 Micrometers)
Home Task
Watch the provided videos and write the process of taking measurements from Vernier caliper and screw guage
Thank You For Your Cooperation
Presentation On SlideShare “Measuring Instruments (Measurements) Lec 08 ”
Micrometer or screw gauge
The document describes a micrometer or screw gauge, which is a precision measuring tool invented in 1638. It has two scales - a main linear scale graduated in 0.500 mm marks and a rotating scale with 50 divisions each equal to 0.010 mm. To take a measurement, the spindle is turned until it contacts the object being measured. The reading is the sum of the values indicated on the two scales. The precision or least count is 0.01 mm, determined by dividing the pitch (distance moved per rotation) by the number of divisions on the rotating scale. Potential sources of error include non-removal of zero error and improper reading.
Standards Of Measurement
This PowerPoint introduces students to basic principles and rules of the International System of Measurement.
How to use Vernier Caliper and how to take measurement from it.
This document describes how to use a Vernier caliper to take measurements. It defines true value as the average of infinite measurements with zero average deviation, while measured value is the approximated true value found from multiple readings. Static error is the difference between measured and true values. The procedure explains how to check for zero error, take main and Vernier scale readings, calculate the measurement using least count, and record results from different specimens. Precautions include cleaning the caliper and items measured to minimize errors and get accurate readings.
How to read vernier caliper easily
Vernier calipers are measurement tools commonly used in the automotive industry. They have adjustable jaws that can measure external dimensions by placing an object between the lower jaws, or internal diameters by inserting the upper inverted jaws into a hole. To take a measurement, the object is placed between or inside the jaws and both the main scale and vernier scale are observed. The reading is where the vernier scale mark coincides with the main scale, with the main scale showing the first digit and the vernier scale showing the second digit of the measurement. Proper use requires positioning the jaws correctly, then locking them in place using the locking screw.
Precision measurement
The document discusses various precision measurement tools including steel rules, fractional and decimal inch rulers, hooked rules, inside and outside calipers, dial and digital calipers, micrometers, gauge blocks, and squares. It provides details on how to use, read measurements from, and properly care for each type of tool. Examples and exercises are included to demonstrate how to perform measurements and calculations with fractions and in decimal and metric units.
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This presentation is all about the micrometer screw gauge. First the presentation explains about the basics (parts, special definitions and errors) of a micrometer and finally , using example readings, explains as to how a measurement can be taken.
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The document discusses factors to consider in selecting measurement instruments, including sensitivity, hysteresis, range, span, response time, repeatability, accuracy, precision, and more. It also summarizes various methods of measurement such as direct, indirect, absolute, comparative, transposition, coincidence, deflection, complementary, contact, and contactless methods. The key aspects of a measurement system are to provide information about a physical variable being measured.
Metrology
Metrology is the science of measurement and involves establishing measurement units, developing measurement methods, analyzing measurement errors, and ensuring accuracy. Key aspects of metrology include linear and angular measurements using various instruments ranging from simple rules and calipers to high-precision gauges, comparators, and microscopes. Metrology allows for planning, commercial exchange, and quality control through precise quantification.
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Measuring Instruments (Measurements) lec 08 Talal Khan
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How to use Vernier Caliper and how to take measurement from it.
How to use Vernier Caliper and how to take measurement from it.
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Vernier caliper
- 1. VERNIER CALIPER Hamza Bashir Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science
- 2. HISTORY Vernier calliper was invented in 1631 by French mathematician Pierre Vernier.
- 3. TYPEOFVERNIER CALLIPER 1.analog Vernier calliper 2.dial Vernier calliper 3.digital Vernier calliper
- 7. CONSTRUCTION In Vernier Scale there are n number of division as per manufacturer. Vernier calliper is made up of the S.S. In digital Vernier calliper display window is made up of hard plastic.
- 8. LEASTCOUNT L.C .= 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑜𝑓1 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟 L.C. = 1 𝑚 𝑚20 =0.05mm
- 10. HOW TOMEASURE Dimension=main scale reading+(Vernier scale reading x least count) Example:- ◦ Dimension=5mm+(1 x 0.1)mm =5.1mm
- 11. HANDLING
- 12. ERROR Zero error: Vernier scale 0 and main scale met each other Positive error: Vernier scale 0 is after main scale ◦ Correct reading=actual reading -error Negative error: Vernier scale 0 is before main scale ◦ Correct reading=actual reading +error
- 13. STORAGE Avoid direct sun light, low temperature, high temperature and high humidity. Don’t leave the jaws of a caliper completely closed during storage.
- 14. Error Error is the difference between the actual value and the calculated value of any physical quantity. Basically, there are three types of errors, random errors, blunders, and systematic errors
- 15. Sources of errors • Negligence or inexperience of a person. • Faulty apparatus. • Inappropriate method or technique.
- 16. Difference between error and uncertainties The basic difference between errors and uncertainties is that error is the difference between the calculated value and actual value, while uncertainty is usually described as an error in measurement.
- 17. Types of errors • Random error • Systematic error
- 18. Random error Random error is said to take place when repeated measurements of the quantity, give different values under the same conditions.
- 19. Reasons of random errors It occurs due to some unknown reasons.
- 20. How can we reduce random error? The random error can be reduced by taking several readings of the same quantity and then taking their mean value.
- 21. Systematic error Systematic errors occur when all the measurements of physical quantities are affected equally, these give the consistent difference in the readings.
- 22. Reasons for systematic errors: • Zero error in measuring instrument • Poor calibration of the instrument • Incorrect calibration on the measuring instruments.
- 23. How can we reduce systematic errors? We can reduce systematic errors by comparing the instrument with another instrument that is known to be more accurate. Thus, systematic error is reduced by applying a correction factor to all the reading taken on an instrument.
- 24. THANKYOU