This study examined the effectiveness of using Second Life for an interdisciplinary graduate communication course. Data was collected through student journals, surveys, focus groups, and final presentations to analyze how and when learning occurred. Results showed that the virtual world facilitated experiential learning through feedback, experimentation, collaboration, and overcoming social anxiety. Students perceived Second Life as valuable for learning communication skills across disciplines. The study concluded virtual worlds can foster interdisciplinary learning through experiential activities while saving costs compared to real-world projects.

1. •
PRESENTER: NUR ASYIQIN BINTI SULAIMAN
•
STUDENT NO. : 2014313607
•
PRESENT FOR : DR. LEE LAI FONG
•
DATE OF PRESENTATION: 7th
OCTOBER 2015
Verbal And
Non Verbal Messages

2.  VERBAL MESSAGES

Clarity and Ambiguity

Use unequivocal terms to
avoid misunderstanding

Use lower-level abstractions
when clarity is essential

Use slang with caution

use Jargon judiciously

Inflammatory Language

Avoid Biased language

Beware Trigger words

Language and Identity
Management

Choose optimal degree of
powerful language
Use positive language
Limit Disinfluencies
Feminine and Masculine
Language Use
 NON VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
Characteristics of non
verbal communication
Types of Nonverbal
communication
Improving Non verbal
Effectiveness
Presentation Outline

3.  Clarity and Ambiguity
Use unequivocal terms to
avoid misunderstanding
Use lower-level abstractions
when clarity is essential
Equivocal terms are those with two
different, but equally acceptable or common,
meanings.
Specific concrete statement that refer
directly to the objects or events that can be
observed.
Relative words such as soon, often,
large are unspecified.
Example : “what did a heck of a job on that
proposal”
(i'm really proud of the work you did really
well).
Example
Statement : The job will take a little longer.
Clarification : How much longer : Hours?
Days? weeks?

4. Use slang with caution
use Jargon judiciously
As a casual slang-laden speech
But it can create wrong impression with
bosses, clients and even colleagues.
Every profesion has its own specialized
vocabulary called Jargon.
It can save time
can be used to evaluate people's expertise
on a subject.
Example
To compliment a colleague's presentation
by calling it 'sick' runs the risk of being
interpreted as a deep insult.
Example : ESL - English as a second
language
Numerac – Basic skills in mathematics.

5. Use ambiguous language
when it is strategically
desirable
It has more than one meaning.
To promote harmony
To soften the blow of difficult
messages.
Point indirectly that can't be
expressed overtly.
Strategic ambiguity works only both sender
& receiver are willing to tolerate a deliberate
lack of clarity.
If not, the result can be confusion, and often
feelings of being betrayed or manipulated.
example:
“light' - not very heavy, not very dark
The verb 'desert' and the noun 'dessert',
which sound the same but are spelled
differently

6. 1 Avoid Biased Language
Emotional raise when speakers intentionally or unintentionally use
biased language.
 example: Judge certain races are lazy, liar.
2
Beware of Trigger Words
 Trigger words can refer to specific people (your boss, the
president), groups or categories of individuals (union stewards,
customers with complaint), issues or other topics.
 example : “perhaps” into “for sure”.
 Can transforming from no into almost yes.
Inflammatory Language
2

7. Language and Identity Management
Choose
Optimal
degree of
powerful
language
Speaker who use more powerful speech are rated as
more competent, dynamic and attractive
In some situation less powerful form of speech can
even enhance a speaker's effectiveness.
example : A boss ask his assistant ' Would you mind
making copies of this files before you go home?'
Use
positive
Languag
e
One strategic way to enhance a professional identity is
through positive language.
Example : “I believe you can do it better”
Limit
Disfluencie
s
Disinfluencies are utterances that add no
meaning to a statement.
Interjection like 'umm', 'you know', 'like' can
make a smart idea sound less persuasive.

8. 1
2
Rapport Talk -
create
connection
Women most
likely to listen
and respond
Feminine and Masculine Language Use
As an expressive tool
example : to articulate emotion
“I'm glad everybody had a chance to
speak”.
Conversational clues about other
person's feelings.
example : “I know what that's like. Last
year i had so much trouble with a client
on the Buston case”.
Let the speaker know that she is not
alone, that she is understood.
FEMININE WOMEN

9. Coversational
initiation &
maintainance
3
Tentative
Nature
4
Women have long been taught to ask
question to get a conversation going.
To find out what others are interested
in, show interest in conversations.
example : “Did you hear about....?”
Women use ('Uh', 'yeah','mmhmm')
to show interest.
If women interrupt, it is often to support
the speaker, not to challenge.
Exhibit less powerful
characteristics.
example :
“would you type that for me?”, “I'm
not sure about this figure...”.

10. Rapport talk
Offer advice
Focus less on feeling & relationship.
More on information, facts,
knowledge & competence.
Inclined to use language to claim
attention, assert a position, establish
status, show independence.
Use language instrumentally to get
things done.
The result are often tangible and
reward is visible.
example: “finish that report by Monday”.
Use
language
Instrum
entally
Offer advice that will lead to solution.
Empathizing doesn't seem helpful or
appropriate to many men
MASCULINE MAN

11. Men's speech style includes several
characteristics of Dominance & control
Verbosity, topic control & interruption.
example : men's talk at public at greater
length compare to women, men decide
which topic to persue & talk longer.
Often use fact statements
rather than opinion
Characteristic of Dom
inance &
control
Masculine speech is more assertive,
certain, direct, and authoritative.
example: “ I want you to give this
file to Mr Ali tomorrow morning”
Declarative sentences & dropped pitch
at the end create a sense of sureness &
authority.
Like to speak directly, clear,
unambiguous direction.

12. Switch Style From
Appropriate
Combine
Styles
“Mix-gender strategy” balance masculine
(task-oriented) with feminine (relationship
oriented approach).
Accepting gender
differences can lead to
smoother relationship.
Meeting Gender Related Language Challenges
Beware of Different Style
Being bilingual is an
advantage

13. Definition
People is communicate through sending and receiving wordless cues.
In visual cues
body language (kinesics) , distance (proxemics) and physical
environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics).
In can also include chronemics (the use of time) and oculesics (eye contact and
the actions of looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances,
patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate)
nonverbal elements also known as paralanguage : including voice quality, rate,
pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as
rhythm, intonation, and stress
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

14. CHARACTERISTICS OF
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Appearance, movement, facial
expression & every nuance of your
voice has potential to convey
meaning.
example : ALL CAPITAL LETTERS
indicate impression of shouting.
Mostly from physical appearance,
and behavior.
example : When someone dress up
well show he/she have a good attitude,
discipline and credibility.
Nonverbal
Behavior
Always has
Communicative
value
Nonverbal
Communicati
on
is powerful

15. Non verbal behavior plays a strong role in
communicative success.
Business people or entrepreneurs have
a great social skills (ability to manage
nonverbal behavior & read of others).
Thought are the best expressed of
speaking & writing.
example: When someone shaking
leg or hand reflect that person like do
something in hurry, frequently bored
of something that keep repeat.
NonverbalBehavior
Affect
CareerSuccess
Nonverbal
communication
primarily express
attitudes

16. 1 Voice Paralanguage - range vocal characteristics that help express an attitude.
example: pitch (high-low), tempo (rapid-slow), disinfluencies (um, er. etc),
volume (loud-soft).
2 Appearance People who look attractive are considered to be
likeable & persuasive.
potential employer, customer & coworkers are usually
impressed by people who are trim, muscular & good
shape.
3
The Face and Eyes
A subordinate confused expression that need further explaination,
smile customer and nodding indicate time to close a sale.
Eye contact is a good indicator of how involve a person in a situation,
4
Types of NonVerbal Communication
5

17. Posture and Movement4
Distance between
ourselves & others is
significant & then reflect
feeling & attitude.
Unfriendly person most
expect unpleasent views,
friendly person expect
good views.
5 Time
Most people only focus on face, less aware on hand, leg & foot motion.
Height affect perceptions of power. Standing up tall help you appeare
more authoritative / slumped posture create an appearance of passive
demeanor.
6
Physical
Environment
Space located in
organization - furniture
arrangement.
Arrangging subordinates
working areas.
7Personal space
& distance
Speaking in
appropriate duration of
time shows good
planning & concern to
the audience.
Getting down to
business quickly seen as
rude & insult the
business associate.

20. Quiz .. =)
1. According to Hitachi, Ltd., of Japan, "Communication is not simply sending a message. It is
creating true _________________."
A) connectivity
B) understanding
C) empathy
D) power
2. Which one of the following is used to convey verbal symbols?
A) gestures
B) tones of voice
C) words
D) facial expressions

21. 3. All of the following are listed in the book as ways that speakers can get feedback
EXCEPT:
A) Ask listeners to raise their hands whenever they spot a mistake.
B) Have a presentation videotaped.
C) Ask friends or colleagues for a critique of the speech.
D) Ask listeners to fill out evaluation forms after the speech.
4. Which one of the following types of interference is involved if a baby cries
during a speech?
A) external
B) internal
C) speaker-generated
D) situational

22. 6. The Greek fabulist Aesop said, "A __________ will not be believed even when he
[or she] speaks the truth."
A) criminal
B) joke-teller
C) poorly dressed person
D) liar
5. The English author G. K. Chesterton said, "A yawn is a silent _______."
A) rudeness
B) insult
C) shout
D) protest

23. Answers:
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. D

24. Virtual world teaching, experiential learning,
and assessment:
An interdisciplinary communication course in
Second Life
Abstract:
There are few empirical studies that inform instructional design and learning
assessment in virtual worlds. This study explores the nature and process of
learning in Second Life in a graduate interdisciplinary communication course in fall
2007. Literature suggests that 3-D virtual worlds can be well suited for experiential
learning environments. In this study, the actual instructional effectiveness of
Second Life as an experiential learning environment for interdisciplinary
communication is empirically examined using mixed
research methods of journal content analysis, surveys, focus group, and virtual world
snapshots and video.

25. Research Questions :
(1) How, when, how often and in what kinds of social situations does learning
occur in Second Life?
(2) What types of learning do students experience often in Second Life?
(3) Does learning in Second Life transfer to real life?
(4) Do students perceive Second Life as instrumental in learning?
Sample :
 5 graduate students in the course formed as
interdisplinary team.(semi structured focus group)
 Arcitecture students.
 Non profit organization : Alley Flat Arcitects, (built flat at
low income neighborhood, Austin, Texas)
 Instructor, multiple collaborator, guests.

26. Research Methods & Design :
•
4 data collection
i) analysis students world view journal iii) focus group discussion.
ii) Students survey iv) analyses students' final public
presentation statement in
SL.
Result :
(1) Students' grant proposal for continued educational work is evidence students
valued learning & working in virtual worlds.
(2) virtual world provide dynamic feedback, learner experimentation, real-time
personalized task selection, & exploration
(3) Allowing creativity within rich media environment, opportunities for social
interaction, facilitatting collaboration, lowering social anxiety, enhance students'
motivation.
 Journal data v) Grant Proposal data
 Surveys vi) Course feedback data.
 Focus group data
 Final speeches data

27. Conclusion & Recommendation :
1. SL learning environment used within the project effectively fostered
experiential developement of interdisplinary communication
awareness & strategies.
2. By creating house model in virtual worlds, able to save cost, time,
insurance factors and physical distance between collaborators & general
public audience.
3. Virtual world environment as playground for students, utilize unique
technology by creating experiential instructional design
4. Able to communicate across geographic boundaries.