The document discusses oral communication and non-verbal communication. It defines oral communication as the interchange of verbal messages between people. It notes that oral communication is more informal than writing and includes meetings, phone calls, speeches, and reports. The document outlines characteristics of effective oral communication, such as being brief, precise, and avoiding vagueness. It also discusses listening skills, conversation control, body language, and the different types of non-verbal communication including personal, cultural, universal, and unrelated gestures and expressions.

1. Oral Communication
RAZIA RAHEEM

2. What is oral communication?
 Oral communication also know
as verbal communication, is the
interchange of verbal messages
between sender and receiver
 More time talking than writing.
 Most oral communications are
informal.
 Some are Formal i.e. meetings,
telephone -conversation,
dictation, speeches, oral
reports.

3. Need for learning oral
communication skills
To help problem solving
To resolve conflict
To influence people to work
together
To persuade others to be involved
in organizational goals
To be assertive without being
aggressive
To develop listening skills
To be an effective negotiator
To make proposal

4. Objectives of Oral Communication
in Business
Oral communication is
indispensible in any group or
business activity.
The purpose of effective talking is
to be heard and understood by the
listener.
Oral communication should have
the rhythm and tone of a living
voice.
To achieve this quality we should
use the language that is free from
long winding sentences, cliches,
old fashioned words and phrases.

5. Objectives of Oral Communication
in Business
 Language should have the ease
of commonly used words, and
short and simple sentences.
 The pitch of voice should take
into consideration the distance
between the listener and us.
 The tone should be marked by
the accent of sincerity and
confidence.

6. Characteristics of Effective Oral
Communication
 Consider the objective
 Think about the interest level of the
receiver
 Be sincere
 Use simple language, familiar words
 Be brief and precise
 Avoid vagueness and generalities
 Give full facts
 Assume nothing
 Use polite words and tone
 Cut out insulting message
 Say something interesting and pleasing to
the recipient
 Allow time to respond

7. Barriers to effective oral
communication
The foremost barrier to oral
communication is poor listening.
Listening is a psychological act
affected by several factors, such
as
◦ Status
◦ Complexes
◦ Closed and all knowing mind
◦ Poor retention
◦ Premature evaluation and hurried
conclusions as distortions
◦ Language barrier

8. What is Conversation Control?
The art of conversation consists in
our ability to listen with
concentration and reply well.
Conversation control involves skills
listening and talking in a positive
and meaningful way at an
appropriate time.
It includes
◦ Techniques of changing the direction
of conversation smoothly
◦ The ability to allow a discussion to
develop along key issues in an
uninterrupted way towards the
desired end

9. Business situations requiring
conversation control skills
 How to sell or buy
 How to negotiate
 How to interview
 How to participate in a meeting
 How to disagree without being
rude
 How to protest without
offending
 How to compliment/praise
 How to respond to personal
criticism

10. Conversation Control
 According to Charles J
Margerison
– “Conversation control does not
mean that you control someone’s
conversation. What it does mean
is that with practice you can
control your own conversation,
and in time be able to influence
others, and encourage them to
respond in a positive and relevant
way”

11. Language of Gestures
Body language and nonverbal communication
are transmitted through the eyes, face, hands,
arms, legs and posture (sitting and walking)
Each individual, isolated gesture is like a word in
sentence; it is difficult and isolated dangerous
to interpret in and of itself.
Therefore consider the gesture in the light of
everyhing else that is going on around you.

12. Two sides of Effective Oral
Communication – Listening and
Presenting
 Listening
– It is an important component of
conversation control.
– To be able to understand and
appreciate the other person, you
should allow him/her to express
freely, without being interrupted,
and listen carefully.
– To improve your skills of
conversation control, you should
know whether you are a poor or a
good listener.

13. Two sides of Effective Oral
Communication – Listening and
Presenting
Be an effective presenter
◦ In order to be effective presenter
try to present facts, not your
opinions, keep to the point; keep
the listener’s interest in mind;
support your arguments with
suitable examples; and ask for
feedback and ans questions
honestly.
◦ Make eye contact.
◦ Avoid being vague, unfocused,
with little eye contact,
discouraging questions, showing
lack of confidence, and not getting
to the point.

16. NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
RAZIA RAHEEM

17. Non Verbal
Communication

18. Non-verbal communication
 Through signs &
symbols.
 Non-verbal can go
without verbal
communication.
 Verbal can’t go
without non-verbal
communication.

19. Fear

20. Surprise

21. Happiness

22. Disgust

23. Telling a Lie

24. Attention

25. Fear or Frustration

26. Winning Face

27. Eyes gives us a definite impression
about a person in front of us

28. Eyes which can find out the behavior

29. Raised
Thumbs
Ok

30. Locked fingers (clenching)
Frustrated & is adopting negative attitude

31. Nonverbal communication consists of that part
of a message that is not encoded in words. The
nonverbal
part of the message tends to be less conscious
and often reveals the sender’s feelings and
preferences more
spontaneously and honestly than the verbal part.
If the verbal message does not match the
nonverbal
communication, people tend to believe the
nonverbal message

32. Non Verbal Communication
 Non-verbal communication
includes:
– Pitch.
– Speed.
– Tone.
– Voice volume.
– Gestures.
– Facial expressions.

33. Non Verbal Communication
 Non-verbal communication
includes:
– Body posture.
– Stance.
– Proximity.
– Eye movements.
– Dress and appearance.
– Eye contact.

34. Four types of nonverbal messages
1. Personal (to the individual)
2. common to a group of people or
culture
3. universal (to humankind)
4. unrelated to the message (random)

35. Personal Nonverbal communicationPersonal Nonverbal communication
involves kinds of nonverbal behaviour that
are unique to one person.
The meaning is also unique to the person
sending the message. For example,
someone may work while
talking, another person may work in
silence. One person may laugh due to
nervousness or fear, while
another may cry.

36. Cultural nonverbal communication, by
contrast, is characteristics of, or common
to, a group of people. It is
learned unconsciously by observing others
in the society group. In Aboriginal culture,
for example, eye
contact is less acceptable than it is
European culture.

37. Universal nonverbal
communication is behaviour
that is common to humankind.
It shows happiness,
sadness or deep-seated feelings
– for example, a smile or tears.

38. Unrelated nonverbal
communication,
such as a sneeze, is unrelated to the
verbal message. It can distract
from the verbal message, but has little
effect on the meaning of the verbal
part of the messag