Verb complementation I
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This document summarizes different patterns of verb complementation in English. It discusses verbs that take an object followed by a to-infinitive, such as "allow" and "expect". It also covers verbs like "advise" and "recommend" that can take an object plus a to-infinitive or a that-clause. Additionally, it mentions verbs like "let" and "make" that can take an object and infinitive without "to". Finally, it discusses verbs like "mind" and "like" that can be followed by a gerund or a verb plus "-ing".
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Infinitives
This document discusses infinitives and how they function in sentences. It explains that infinitives can be used as subjects, objects, and subject complements, similar to gerunds. However, unlike gerunds, infinitives cannot be used as objects of prepositions. It provides examples of infinitives functioning in different roles in sentences and lists common verbs that are followed by infinitives. The document also discusses the different types of infinitives and how their meaning can change based on tense or voice.
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This document defines and provides examples of participle clauses. Participle clauses use the present or past participle form of a verb to add information about an action or state. They can replace time clauses, clauses of reason/result, or be used with conjunctions and prepositions. The subject of the participle must be the same as the subject of the main clause verb. Past participles can replace passive voice constructions or conditional if-clauses. Negating a participle adds "not" before the participle.
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This document discusses different conjunctions and phrases used to express contrast and purpose in sentences. It explains that although and even though can be used at the beginning or middle of sentences, with even though indicating a stronger contrast. Despite, despite the fact that, and in spite of are used with noun phrases or verb+ing to express contrast as well. To, in order to, so as to followed by an infinitive are used to indicate purpose or reason. For followed by a noun or -ing can also express purpose. So that along with can/could/will/would is used when the subject of the purpose clause differs from the main clause subject.
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When looking to purchase a home, it is important to consider how much you can afford to spend and location. People who buy larger, more rural homes can expect a longer commute. Infinitives are verb phrases that begin with "to" and act as subjects, objects, or subject complements in sentences. Proper use of infinitives and gerunds is important for meaning and grammar. Requesting to be shown suitable homes in your price range is wise when house hunting.
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Relative clauses
Relative clauses are formed by joining two sentences together using relative pronouns like who, which, that, where, when, whose. The relative pronoun used depends on whether you are talking about a person, object, place, time, or possession. Some basic examples of relative pronouns include who/that for people, which/that for objects, where for places, and when/whose for time and possession.
Relative Clauses
The document defines and provides examples of different types of relative clauses and relative pronouns in English, including:
- Defining relative clauses use pronouns like who, that, which to identify a specific antecedent. Non-defining clauses use commas and provide extra information.
- Relative pronouns who, which, that, when, where, whom, whose are used depending on if referring to a person, thing, place, time or possession.
- Subject and object pronouns depend on if the relative pronoun is the subject or object of the clause.
Examples are given of combining sentences using defining and non-defining relative clauses.
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This document provides guidelines for using gerunds (-ing form of verbs) versus infinitives (to + verb) in English. It lists verbs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives and explains the differences in meaning. Gerunds are used to express general ideas or actions, after prepositions, and as direct objects. Infinitives are used to form subjects, after certain adjectives and adverbs, and indirect objects of some verbs. Some verbs like remember, forget, regret can be used with either but have different meanings depending on the form.
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This document provides guidelines for using gerunds (-ing form of verbs) versus infinitives (to + verb) in English. It lists verbs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives and explains the differences in meaning. Gerunds are used to express general ideas or actions, after prepositions, and as direct objects. Infinitives are used to form subjects, after certain adjectives and adverbs, and indirect objects of some verbs. Some verbs like remember, forget, regret can be used with either but have different meanings depending on the form.
Verb Patterns
This document discusses the use of infinitives and "-ing" forms after verbs in English. It provides the following key points:
1. Verbs like "want" and "aim" are followed by the infinitive with "to", like "I want to go".
2. Verbs like "enjoy" and "dread" are followed by the "-ing" form, like "I enjoy studying".
3. Some verbs can be followed by either the infinitive with "to" or the "-ing" form without a change in meaning, like "begin" or "continue".
4. With other verbs like "stop" or "remember" the choice changes the meaning
Gerundorinfinitive
This document provides guidelines for using gerunds (-ing form of verbs) versus infinitives (to + verb) in English. It lists verbs that take gerunds or infinitives and notes the differences in meaning. Gerunds are used for nouns, after prepositions, and as direct objects. Infinitives are used as subjects and after certain adjectives. Some verbs like remember, forget, regret can take either but with different implied tenses.
More reporting verbs
This document summarizes different structures used with reporting verbs in English. It discusses verbs that use "to + infinitive", verbs that use "object + to + infinitive", verbs that can use both "that" and "to + infinitive" clauses, verbs that only use "that" clauses, verbs that only use "to + infinitive", and verbs that can also appear with "-ing" forms. Key reporting verbs and the structures they can appear with are listed.
Verb+ infinitive; verb + infinitive without to
This document discusses verbs that are followed by infinitives with or without "to". It identifies verbs that take the "to" infinitive like "agree" and "attempt". It also lists verbs that do not take "to" like modal verbs and "had better". Exceptions are discussed like how "help" can be used with or without "to". The passive form of "make" always uses the "to" infinitive. Examples are provided to illustrate the different structures.
lesson inf
This document provides a guide to the to-infinitive and bare infinitive in English. It outlines the different forms of the infinitive, including the present, present continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous infinitives in both active and passive voice. It discusses the time reference of each form. The document then explains 10 common uses of the to-infinitive, such as expressing purpose, following certain verbs and adjectives, and asking questions. It concludes by listing the four main uses of the bare infinitive: following modal verbs, let, make, see, and hear, as well as having better and would rather.
Verb + gerund infinitive
This document discusses the use of verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives in English. It provides lists of verbs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives, noting that some verbs can take either but the meaning changes depending on which is used. Examples are given to illustrate the different meanings that can result from using a gerund or infinitive after certain verbs like "stop", "remember", "try", "regret", and "like". The document also notes other uses of gerunds as subjects or objects in sentences or after prepositions.
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The document provides information about infinitives and how they are used after certain verbs. It discusses verbs that can be followed directly by an infinitive without an object, verbs that require an object before the infinitive, and verbs that can be used with or without an object before the infinitive. Examples are given for each case. The document also includes practice exercises for students to complete sentences using infinitives correctly.
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Verb complementation I
- 2. VERB+OBJECT+TO-INFINITIVE With many verbs: Ask, allow, expect, persuade, tell, warn, mean, invite, take, force, help, encourage, enable, beg, invite, etc. Ex.: They didn’t allow him to go to the party He expected her to pay for dinner They forced him to tell the truth. With want and the conditional of like/dislike verbs: Ex.: I want you to go now. I would like you to go now. Some take the preposition for before the object: arrange, plan, wait Ex.: She waited for him to shut up.
- 3. VERB+OBJECT+TO INFINITIVE/THAT-CLAUSE Advise, persuade, remind, teach, tell, warn Ex.: The teacher advised him to study for the exam. The teacher advised him that he should study for the exam. After recommend: object-+to infinitive: The waiter recommended him to try the fish. That-clause: The waiter recommended that he tried the fish. + gerund (when no object is used): The waiter recommended trying the fish.
- 4. VERB+OBJECT+INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO After let, make Ex.: Just let me go You make me feel so stupid! Help takes the two infinives (without to is more common): Ex.: Please help me make (to make) the bed Make in the passive is followed by the infinitive: Ex.: He was made to do his homework every day.
- 5. VERB+OBJECT+GERUND After some verbs: Mind, keep, involve, like/dislike verbs Ex.: I don’t mind you smoking in the terrace. I don’t like people talking about me
- 6. VERB FOLLOWED BY VERB+- ING Stop, delay, fancy, consider, admit, miss, involve, finish, postpone, imagine, avoid, deny, risk, practise,