The document discusses the uses of the present perfect tense in English. It explains that the present perfect tense is used to talk about actions that began in the past and continue in the present or have present consequences. It provides examples of how the present perfect is used with unfinished states, recent past actions, expressions of duration like "for" and "since", and contrasts it with the simple past tense.

1. Differences

2.  Auxiliary have+ past participle:
Ex: I have done my homework.
 QUESTIONS: Inversion:
Ex.: Have you done your homework yet?
 NEGATIVE: Have+not (haven’t/hasn’t):
Ex.: No, I haven’t done my homework yet.

3.  To talk about something that started in the past
and continues in the present or has consequences
in the present.
 For past experiences (often with ever/ never,
always before the main verb):
Ex.: Have you ever cheated in an exam?
Ex.: I haven’t been to London.
 With yet (at the end of the sentence) and already
(before the main verb) for emphasis:
Ex.: I’ve already done my homework.
Ex.: Have you done your homework yet?
Ex.: I haven’t done my homework yet.

4.  Unfinished states (non-action verbs) which
start in the past and are still true in the
present:
Ex.: We’ve been married for 50 years.
 Recent past actions, often with just (which
goes before the main verb)
Ex.: I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding.
(normally with consequences in the present)
Ex.: I’ve just finished my homework.

5.  How long: To ask about an unfinished period
of time (from the past until now):
Ex.: How long have you known each other?
 For: for a period of time:
Ex.: We’ve known each other for 15 years.
 Since: for the starting point in the past:
Ex.: We’ve known each other since 2005/
since we were at school.

6.  SPANISH: Llevamos dos años casados/Nos
conocemos desde hace dos años.
 ENGLISH: We’ve been married for two
years/We’ve known each other for two
years.
 Since cannot be used with ago. Ago is always
used with a past tense:
 Ex.: We got married five years ago, in 2013.

7. SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT
1) for finished actions in the
past, with no connection to the
present, normally with a past
time expression:
Ex: We went to London last
summer/in 2017.
with no past expression,
connection to the present:
Ex.: We’ve been to London twice
(up to now (present), we could go
back there).
2) always finished actions:
Ex.: We were married for 10
years (we aren’t married now )
non finished actions:
We’ve been married for 10 years
(We are still married now).
3) I say WHEN:
I cut my finger at work
yesterday.
I DON’T say WHEN:
I’ve cut my finger (we understand
it’s recent).