Useful micro organisms ||8. Useful and Harmful Microbes
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This document discusses several types of microbes and their uses. It describes how lactobacilli are used in fermenting milk to make yogurt and probiotic drinks by converting lactose to lactic acid. Rhizobium form a symbiotic relationship with beans and pulses by fixing nitrogen from the air and providing nitrogen compounds to the plants. Yeast converts sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol through fermentation, as demonstrated through an experiment where yeast in water causes a balloon to inflate. Bread rises through the carbon dioxide produced during yeast fermentation.
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Microorganisms help in the production of many food items, making medicines, keeping the environment clean, in manufacturing and in research. The major groups of microorganism: namely bacteria, archaea, fungi (yeasts and molds), algae, protozoa, and viruses. Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen is taken from its molecular form in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other biochemical processes.
Microbes in human welfare
Microbes play an important role in human welfare through various applications. They are used in the production of household items like curd and bread as well as industrial products such as antibiotics, organic acids, and enzymes. Microbes are also essential in waste treatment by breaking down sewage in treatment plants. Additionally, certain microbes produce biogas through anaerobic digestion and can be used as biofertilizers or biocontrol agents in agriculture.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
learn more about Biotechnology.This is to provide more information on biotechnology.If there is mistake or any wrong information on this document please help in editing and correcting ,, please recommend and make comments ,,email me on phetogovanik@gmail.com visit this platform to contact me https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiP_VAjlcmV3eoaWhQV7dQw watch daily and help me to grow
Role of microorganisms in the fermentation process
Microorganisms play a key role in fermentation due to their small size and high surface area to volume ratio, which allows for efficient nutrient uptake and rapid reproduction. Their genetic adaptability also allows microbes to thrive in different environments and produce a diversity of fermentation products. Some examples where microbes are involved in fermentation include fish sauce production using halophilic bacteria, sauerkraut fermentation with lactic acid bacteria, and beer/wine production using yeasts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.
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MICROORGANISMS_IN_THE__FERMENTATION_PROCESS_OF_CEREALS.pptx
MICROORGANISMS_IN_THE__FERMENTATION_PROCESS_OF_CEREALS.pptx
Role of microorganisms in the fermentation process
Role of microorganisms in the fermentation process
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Gadgets for management of stored product pests_Dr.UPR.pdf
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Wellprovedthatnogranariescanbefilledwithgrainswithoutinsectsastheharvestedproducecontainegg(or)larvae(or)pupae(or)adultinsectinthembecauseoffieldcarryoverinfestationwhichcannotbeavoidedindevelopingcountrieslikeIndia
Simpletechnologiesfortimelydetectionofinsectsinthestoredproduceandtherebyplantimelycontrolmeasures
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Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
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Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
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Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
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Handwritten best quality
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
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Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
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Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
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Useful micro organisms ||8. Useful and Harmful Microbes
- 2. Microbes??A microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or fermentation 1) Lactobacilli 2) Rhizobium 3) Yeast Useful:
- 3. Lactobacilli Milk Sugar Lactose-- Lactic Acid pH decreases Coagulation of milk Formation of yoghurt Yoghurt- Sour taste,low pH therefore harmful microbes destroyed Probiotic” Yakult, Yoghurt etc Lactobacilli are added to them
- 4. Rhizobium : Symbiotic bacteria
- 5. Role and importance of rhizobium Rhizobia living in root nodules supply nitrates, nitrites and amino acids to that plant and in exchange get energy in the form of carbohydrates from it. Symbiosis Host Beans and pulses are rich in proteins due to the nitrogenous compounds made available by rhizobia.
- 6. Yeast Bring ‘active dry yeast’ from the market. Mix a spoonful of yeast, two spoonfuls sugar with a sufficient quantity of lukewarm water in a bottle. Fix a colourless, transparent balloon on the mouth of that bottle. After 10 minutes the balloon inflates Mix limewater with the gas accumulated in the balloon. Collect that limewater in a beaker and observe it. Limewater turns milky Presence of CO2 is Confirmed
- 7. Buudding Budding unicellular fungus heterotrophic Sugar to CO2 Fermentation
- 8. How is bread made ? Find out how to use the solution prepared in the above experiment, to make bread. Follow the recipe and make the bread. Find out and note down the reasons why the dough rises and makes the bread spongy.
- 9. THANK YOU