Food is a nutritive substance taken by an organism for growth work, repair and maintaining life processes. Food is a kind of fuel for the living things. Just as petrol fuel for our car, in the same way, food is a fuel for our body.
Food is a nutritive substance taken by an organism for growth work, repair and maintaining life processes. Food is a kind of fuel for the living things. Just as petrol fuel for our car, in the same way, food is a fuel for our body.
Components of food Class-6th Chapter 2 Sciencekannupriya19
In this chapter we have discussed about components of food.different nutrients and their sources. We have also discussed about deficiency and diseases.
Photosynthesis is the process of preparing organic food (carbohydrate) by combining carbon dioxide and water, using solar energy by chlorophyll pigments.
The sugar produced in photosynthesis is stored in the form of starch in plants and it is the source of reserved internal energy.
Requirements for photosynthesis
(1) Sunlight (2) Photosynthetic pigment (3) Carbon dioxide
(4) Water
Stomata
These are tiny pores or microscopic aperture guarded by two kidney shaped r or bean shaped
guard cells,
Functions of stomata
(i) Massive amount of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through stomata. Exchange of gases also occurs across the surface of stem, root and leaves.
(ii) Transpiration takes place through the stomata. Large amount of water is lost in the form of water vapour through stomata is known as transpiration.
Guard cells
These are kidney shaped cells which cover single stoma. They contain chloroplast also.
Function of guard cells
They regulate the opening and closing of the stoma and also perform photosynthesis.
Opening and closing of stomata
When the guard cells swell (turgid) due to the entry of water, the stomata open. But when the
guard cells shrink (flaccid) due to the loss of water, the stomata gets closed.
Mechanism of photosynthesis
During photosynthesis following events occur
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophylls.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and O2.
(iii) Hydrogen reduces CO2 and synthesizes glucose (reduction of CO2 in to carbohydrates).
All these events can be categorised into two main phases, light phase and dark phase.
It is quite interesting to note that the only producer of food in the entire world is PLANT. All others are consumers, and depend only on plants to provide food to all the living organisms and species.
Components of food Class-6th Chapter 2 Sciencekannupriya19
In this chapter we have discussed about components of food.different nutrients and their sources. We have also discussed about deficiency and diseases.
Photosynthesis is the process of preparing organic food (carbohydrate) by combining carbon dioxide and water, using solar energy by chlorophyll pigments.
The sugar produced in photosynthesis is stored in the form of starch in plants and it is the source of reserved internal energy.
Requirements for photosynthesis
(1) Sunlight (2) Photosynthetic pigment (3) Carbon dioxide
(4) Water
Stomata
These are tiny pores or microscopic aperture guarded by two kidney shaped r or bean shaped
guard cells,
Functions of stomata
(i) Massive amount of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through stomata. Exchange of gases also occurs across the surface of stem, root and leaves.
(ii) Transpiration takes place through the stomata. Large amount of water is lost in the form of water vapour through stomata is known as transpiration.
Guard cells
These are kidney shaped cells which cover single stoma. They contain chloroplast also.
Function of guard cells
They regulate the opening and closing of the stoma and also perform photosynthesis.
Opening and closing of stomata
When the guard cells swell (turgid) due to the entry of water, the stomata open. But when the
guard cells shrink (flaccid) due to the loss of water, the stomata gets closed.
Mechanism of photosynthesis
During photosynthesis following events occur
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophylls.
(ii) Conversion of light energy into chemical energy and splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and O2.
(iii) Hydrogen reduces CO2 and synthesizes glucose (reduction of CO2 in to carbohydrates).
All these events can be categorised into two main phases, light phase and dark phase.
It is quite interesting to note that the only producer of food in the entire world is PLANT. All others are consumers, and depend only on plants to provide food to all the living organisms and species.
Science! Biology
PART - 1
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'LIFE PROCESSES'. For Class:- 10th
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Hello guys this is the notes of the chapter life processes in detail with all the diagrams of this chapter. I hope this PPT will help you to prepare for your examinations.
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Life processes are the basic functions performed by living organisms to maintain their life on this Earth.
Generally these are the life processes that are basic and common in all living organisms-
Nutrition
Respiration
Transportation
Excretion
Rhode Island is the smallest U.S. state. It is bordered by Massachusetts on the north and east and Connecticut on the west. Rhode Island is home to a tremendous amount of visitor attractions and amenities within its borders. With beautiful beaches, exciting cultural attractions and a renowned dining scene, the Ocean State is a perfect spot for a visit.
Harvard University is a privateresearch University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1636 as Harvard College and named for its first benefactor, the John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and among the most prestigious in the world.
The Museum of Art, RISD Museum is an art museum integrated with the Rhode Island School of Design, in Providence, Rhode Island, US.The museum was co-founded with the school in 1877, and still shares multiple buildings and facilities. Visiting this museum is a feast to art lovers.
The Breakers is the grandest of Newport's summer cottages in Rhode Island, USA. and a great tourist place and the present cost of the mansion may be more than 150 million dollars.
Hamdard Laboratories (India), is a Unani pharmaceutical company in India (following the independence of India from Britain, "Hamdard" Unani branches were established in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) and Pakistan). It was established in 1906 by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed in Delhi, and became
a waqf (non-profitable trust) in 1948. It is associated with Hamdard Foundation, a charitable educational trust.
Hamdard' is a compound word derived from Persian, which combines the words 'hum' (used in the sense of 'companion') and 'dard' (meaning 'pain'). 'Hamdard' thus means 'a companion in pain' and 'sympathizer in suffering'.
The goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him.
They had always maintained that working in old, traditional ways would not be entirely fruitful. A broader outlook was essential for a continued and meaningful existence. their effective team at Hamdard helped the system gain its pride of place and thus they made an entry into an expansive world of discovery and research.
Hamdard Laboratories was founded in 1906 in Delhi by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed and Ansarullah Tabani, a Unani practitioner. The name Hamdard means "companion in suffering" in Urdu language.(itself borrowed from Persian) Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed was born in Pilibhit City UP, India in 1883 to Sheikh Rahim Bakhsh. He is said to have learnt the complete Quran Sharif by heart. He also studied the origin of Urdu and Persian languages. Subsequently, he acquired the highest degree in the unani system of medicine.
Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed got in touch with Hakim Zamal Khan, who had a keen interest in herbs and was famous for identifying medicinal plants. Having consulted with his wife, Abdul Majeed set up a herbal shop at Hauz Qazi in Delhi in 1906 and started to produce herbal medicine there. In 1920 the small herbal shop turned into a full-fledged production house.
Hamdard Foundation was created in 1964 to disburse the profits of the company to promote the interests of the society. All the profits of the company go to the foundation.
After Abdul Majeed's death, his son Hakeem Abdul Hameed took over the administration of Hamdard Laboratories at the age of fourteen.
Even with humble beginnings, the goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him. Unfortunately, he passed away quite early but his wife, Rabia Begum, with the support of her son, Hakeem Abdul Hameed, not only kept the institution in existence but also expanded it. As he grew up, Hakeem Abdul Hameed took on all responsibilities. After helping with his younger brother's upbringing and education, he included him in running the institution. Both brothers Hakeem Abdul Hameed and Hakim Mohammed
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
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In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...
Nutrition ppt
1.
2.
3. When we walk or ride a bicycle, we are using up
energy. Even when we are not doing any apparent
activity, energy is needed to maintain a state of
order in our body. We also need materials from
outside in order to grow, develop, synthesis
protein and other substances need in the body.
This source of energy and materials is the food
we eat.
Nutrition is the process of intake of nutrients by
an organism as well as the utilisation of these
nutrients by the organism.
4. • The general requirement of energy and materials is
common in all organisms, but it is fulfilled in different
ways. Some organisms use simple food material
obtained from inorganic source of CO2 and H2O. These
organisms, The autotrophs, include green plants and
some bacteria.
• Other organisms utilize complex substances. These
complex substances have to be broken down into
simpler ones before they can be used for the upkeep and
the growth of the body. To achieve this, organisms use
bio-catalysts called enzymes. Thus the heterotrophs
survival depends directly or indirectly on autotrophs.
Heterotrophic organisms include animals and fungi.
5. MODES OF NUTRITION
There are two modes of nutrition - Autotrophic and
Heterotrophic.
Autotrophic Nutrition - In this type of nutrition food is
synthesized by the organism itself (autotrophs) from simple
inorganic raw materials such as CO2 and H2O. The essential
elements of Autotrophic Nutrition are the presence of green
pigment (Chlorophyll) and Sunlight. All green plants and some
bacteria have this type of nutrition.
Heterotrophic Nutrition - Some organisms are unable to
synthesize their own food. These organisms rather obtain their
food directly or indirectly from autotrophs. This food is then
broken down with the help of some enzymes. This mode of
nutrition is called ‘Heterotrophic Nutrition’. In this type of
nutrition no pigment or sunlight is required. All animals, fungi
and some bacteria have this type of nutrition.
6. Heterotrophic Nutrition
Each organism is adapted to its environment. The
form of nutrition differs depending on the type and
availability of food material as well as how it is
obtained by the organism. For example, whether the
food source is stationary (such as grass) or mobile
(such as a deer)
There is a range of strategies by which the food is
taken in and used by the organism.
8. Saprophytic nutrition
Some organisms break-down
the food material outside the
body and then absorb it.
Examples are fungi like bread
moulds, yeast and
mushrooms
In this organism releases
enzymes to out side
These enzymes break the
complex substances which
are present in the dead
organic matter into simple
substances
en10245132
11. Autotrophic nutrition
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis is the process by which
chlorophyll-containing cells in plants synthesize
food in the form of carbohydrates, carbon
dioxide and water using sunlight. The raw
materials required for photosynthesis are carbon
dioxide and water and the products formed are
carbohydrates and oxygen.
12.
13. Steps in photosynthesis
The process of photosynthesis occurs in two phases –
1. Light Reactions : This reaction takes place in the
presence of light. Events occuring during Light Reactions
are -
a. absorption of light energy by chlorophyll molecules.
b. splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
atoms.
c. formation of ATP and NADPH2
2. Dark Reactions : This reaction does not require direct
light and occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts. During
this phase, reduction of CO2 takes place to form
carbohydrates
14. How the plant obtains carbon dioxide.
Through the stomata which are tiny pores present
on the surface of the leaves. Massive amounts of
gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves
through these pores for the purpose of
photosynthesis.
15. Chlorophyll is necessary for the photosynthesis
Take a potted plant with variegated leaves – for
example, money plant or crotons.
Keep the plant in a dark room for three days so
that all the starch gets used up.
Now keep the plant in sunlight for about six
hours.
Pluck a leaf from the plant. Mark the green
areas in it and trace them on a sheet of paper.
Dip the leaf in boiling water for a few minutes.
After this, immerse it in a beaker containing
alcohol.
Carefully place the above beaker in a water-bath
and heat till the alcohol begins to boil.
What happens to the colour of the leaf? What is
the colour of the solution?
Now dip the leaf in a dilute solution of iodine
for a few minutes.
Take out the leaf and rinse off the iodine
solution.
Observe the colour of the leaf and compare this
with the tracing of the leaf done in the
beginning
16.
17. Co2 is needed for photosynthesis
Take two healthy potted plants which are nearly the
same size.
Keep them in a dark room for three days.
Now place each plant on separate glass plates. Place a
watch-glass containing potassium hydroxide by the side
of one of the plants. The potassium hydroxide is used to
absorb carbon dioxide.
Cover both plants with separate bell-jars
Use vaseline to seal the bottom of the jars to the glass
plates so that the set-up is air-tight.
Keep the plants in sunlight for about two hours.
Pluck a leaf from each plant and check for the presence
of starch as in the above activity.
22. Amoeba feeds on microscopic animals and plants that float in a
water body. Its mode of nutrition is holozoic. The various steps of
nutrition are:
(i) Ingestion : Amoeba engulfs the food by forming pseudopodia.
When the food is completely encircled and the tips of encircling
pseudopodia touch each other, the membrane at that point
dissolves and the food is enclosed inside forming a food vacuole.
This intake of food is called ingestion.
(ii) Digestion : Inside the food vacuole, food gets digested by
digestive enzymes. The digested food diffuses into the cytoplasm.
(iii) Assimilation : The digested food is utilised by the cell. This is
termed assimilation.
(iv) Egestion : The undigested food remains in the food vacuole and
is thrown out of the body. This process is called egestion.
23.
24.
25. Digestion
It is necessary to move the food in a regulated
manner along the digestive tube so that it can be
processed properly in each part. The lining of
canal has muscles that contract rhythmically in
order to push the food forward. These peristaltic
movements occur all along the gut.
26. The Digestive Tract
A long
muscular tube
with many
sections and
areas.
Begins with the
mouth and ends
with the anus.
28. Human digestive
system
Eating nutritious food is healthy
because it supplies essential nutrients
required to sustain life. It is by the
process of digestion that the nutrients
present in the food are utilized by the
human body. The following are the
different digestive organs and their
functions -
MOUTH
Digestion of food begins in the mouth.
It comprises of the following parts -
Teeth: Tear and break down the food.
Saliva: Contains a digestive enzyme
called salivary amylase, which help to
break down starch into maltose
29. PHARYNX
It opens into the oesophagus (which leads to the
stomach) and trachea (which leads to the lungs).
Pharynx is a common passageway for food and air.
OESOPHAGUS
The peristaltic movements of the longitudinal
smooth muscles in oesophagus push the food into
the stomach and also prevent the chewed food
material from moving back into the mouth.
30. Oesophagus
A straight muscular tube that is about
10 inches (25 cm) long which connects
the mouth with the stomach
Food takes about 4 to 8 seconds as it
passes through to the stomach.
Its walls contain smooth muscles that
contracts in wavy motion
(Peristalsis).
Peristalsis propels food and liquid
slowly down the esophagus into
the stomach.
31. Mechanism of Swallowing
Swallowing is a coordinated activity of the
tongue, soft palate, pharynx and esophagus.
Phases
Food is pushed into the pharynx by the
tongue. (voluntary)
Tongue blocks the mouth
Larynx (Adam’s Apple) rises so the
Epiglottis (a flap of tissue) can close the
opening of the trachea.
33. Stomach
The stomach stores and mixes the food
from oesophagus with the gastric juice.
The main components of gastric juice,
which is secreted by gastric glands
present in the walls of the stomach, are
HCl, mucus, and pepsinogen.
The hydrochloric acid creates an acidic
medium which facilitates the action of
the enzyme pepsin
The mucus protects the inner lining of
the stomach from the action of the acid
under normal conditions
The exit of food from the stomach is
regulated by a sphincter muscle which
releases it in small amounts into the
small intestine
34.
35. GASTRIC JUICE
3 components
1. HCl- Provides acidic medium required for the
functioning of Pepsin
2. Mucus -lubricates food and protects the gastric lining from
strong digestive juices.
3. Pepsin-major enzyme; converts proteins into peptides in the
presence of HCl.
37. SMALL INTESTINE
1. It is the longest part of the elementary canal
and is made up of three parts - duodenum,
jejunum, and ileum.
2. The length of the small intestine depends on
the type of food consumed by the organism
and hence, differ ijn various animals.
3. It also produces intestinal juice from glands
present in the wall which helps in further
digestion of the food.
4. Other digestive juices like - bile juice (which
causes emulsification of fats) and the
pancreatic juice (for digesting proteins and
emulsified fats) mix with the food in the small
intestine.
5. The small intestine is the site for complete
digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
6. The digested food is then absorbed through
the intestinal walls and transported to the
various parts of the body.
Small intestine
38. Small Intestine
Has folded inner walls covered with fingerlike
projections (villi; sing. – villus)
absorbs digested food.
Villi increases the surface area of the small
intestine for greater absorption.
39. Intestinal villi
The inner wall of the small intestine posses
numerous finger like projections called villi,
which are for the absorption of nutrients. The
villi conatining microvilli.
43. Large IntestineWaste is pushed into the expanded
portion (rectum) of the large intestine.
Solid waste stays in the rectum until it
is excreted through the anus as feces.
Appendix hangs on the right side of
the large intestine.
44. The unabsorbed food is sent into the large intestine
where more villi absorb water from this material. The
rest of the material is removed from the body via the
anus. The exit of this waste material is regulated by
the and sphincter.
46. Liver
The liver secretes bile which is
stored in the gall bladder from
where it is sent to the
duodenum whenever needed.
2. The bile breaks down the fat
droplets into small fat globules.
This phenomenon is known as
emulsification of the fat.
47. Pancreas
Pancreas secretes a juice which is sent to
the duodenum.
Pancreatic juice contains different
enzymes.
The Trypsin, which digests proteins into
peptones
The pancreatic amylase, which digests
starch into Maltose.
The lipase which breaks down the
emulsified fats into fatty acids & glycerol