Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria that is a major part of the lactic acid bacteria group. They convert sugars into lactic acid. Lactobacillus inhabit mammalian mucosa and areas with rich carbohydrates. They are used as starter cultures in food production due to their ability to suppress pathogens. Lactobacillus have various applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and dairy industries including production of bacteriocins, lactic acid, and providing beneficial effects to the human microbiome and immunity.