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Reproduction in animal for class 8th by Sarita Chourasia

This document summarizes reproduction in living organisms. It defines reproduction as the process by which organisms produce more of their own kind. There are two main types of reproduction: asexual reproduction, which involves one parent and produces offspring that are clones; and sexual reproduction, which involves two parents mixing their genetic material to produce unique offspring. The document then describes and compares the key aspects of asexual and sexual reproduction. It also outlines the stages of sexual reproduction in humans, including fertilization, zygote development, and childbirth. Finally, it provides an overview of metamorphosis in frogs from egg to tadpole to adult.

Education◦
By – Sarita CHOURASIA
Content 1. Definition 2.Types of reproduction 3. Comparison between asexual and sexual reproduction 4. Stages of reproduction in man 5. Metamorphosis in frog
Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce more living organisms of its own kind.
What are the types of reproduction? There are two main types of reproduction; sexual and asexual. Both share the commonality that more organisms are produced which share some or all of parental DNA (which translates into the physical traits we can observe), but they are accomplished in different ways.
Sexual reproduction Sexual Reproduction : This involves two parents who DNA is shuffled, then cut in half. This means that offspring of these mating show variation, or a combination of traits from both parents.
Asexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction : This involves one parent whose DNA is copied exactly. This means that organisms "born" of asexual reproduction are exact clones of the parent.
Comparison between Asexual and Sexual reproduction A s e x u a l  Require one parent organism.  The single organism makes a copy of itself and divides.  The offspring are generally genetically identical to the parent.  Used by yeast, sponges, and bacteria.  Pros-- extremely efficient .  Cons -- If the parent has genetic defects or deficiencies, all of its offspring will also be weak. S e x u a l  Require two parents organism.  Sperm and egg fertilize, one another to form zygote.  The offspring are genetically unique from the parents, but contain a random combination of parental genes.  Used by humans, other animals and plants.  Pros-- Produces genetically different babies, increasing the survival rate of the population.  Cons-- Requires a lot of time and effort.
Reproduction in man
Stages of sexual reproduction Stage 1: Fertilization Stage 2: Development of zygote Stage 3: Child birth
Sperm
The female reproductive system ▪ The Female Reproductive organs comprise: ▪ The Gonads- in the form of two ovaries ▪ The accessory sex organs consisting of ▪ The Fallopian tube ▪ Uterus ▪ Cervix ▪ Vagina ovum Fallopian tube ovary uterus cervix vagina
Stage 1: Fertilization • The fusion of the genetic material contained in the gametes to form a zygote is known as fertilization. • Zygote is the fertilized egg or ovum. It is single cell, thus we begin our life as a single cell. sperm ovum
• Internal fertilization : fertilization which takes place inside the body of the female . Eg., human, dogs , cow, birds, etc. • External fertilization: Fertilization which takes place outside the body of the female. Eg., fish , frogs, etc.
Stage 2:Development of zygote The zygote begins to develop into an embryo. The zygote divides repeatedly to form a large number of cells and ultimately the zygote grows and develops to form a baby. sperm ovum
Stage 3: Birth of young ones • Animals which give birth to young ones directly are called viviparous animals. The embryo obtain nourishment from mother. • Animals which lay eggs are called oviparous animals. The embryo obtains nourishment from the yolk and albumin present in the egg itself. • The time between fertilization and birth of young one is called gestation period.
Young Ones To Adults
Metamorphosis Metamorphosis in frog 1 4 3 2 1. Adult frog 2. frogspawn 3. Tadpole 4. Metamorphosing froglet
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sarita