The document summarizes the transportation revolution in the early-to-mid 19th century United States, including new modes of travel like steamboats and railroads that significantly reduced shipping times and costs. Steamboats, pioneered by Robert Fulton, began operating on major rivers in the early 1800s. Railroads then started developing in the 1830s and saw rapid expansion, growing to over 30,000 miles of track by 1860 and transforming shipping across the country. Key innovations like the Tom Thumb train helped drive growing adoption of the new technologies.

1. U.S. History Chapter 13: Industrial Growth in the North Section 3: The Transportation Revolution

2. New Ways to Travel Transportation Revolution Period of rapid growth in the speed & convenience in travel Created a boom in business

3. New Ways to Travel Roads, canals built New inventions Steamboat Railroad

4. New Ways to Travel Shipping times reduced 1817: shipping cargo from Cincinnati, OH to New York, NY took two months 1850s: One week

5. New Ways to Travel Shipping costs reduced Overland: $100 to ship a load of goods by land across NY state Canal: $5

6. The Steamboat Steamboat : one of the first breakthroughs of the transportation revolution

7. The Steamboat Robert Fulton : inventor who developed a steam-powered boat Robert Fulton

8. The Steamboat 1803: tested a steamboat in France Fulton demonstrating his steamboat to Napoleon Bonaparte

9. The Steamboat Clermont: full-sized commercial steamboat

10. The Steamboat Advantages: Move quickly against the current Did not rely on wind power Shorter travel time, reduced costs

11. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Thomas Gibbons: operated a steamboat between NJ & Manhattan using a federal license Did not have a state license from NY

12. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Aaron Ogden: had been granted a monopoly on the steamboat business by NY state Ogden sues Gibbons Aaron Ogden

13. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Supreme Court rules in favor of Gibbons Assertion of Congress’ power to regulate interstate commerce Federal law overruled state law

14. American Railroads 1800s: Steam-powered trains developed in Britain 1830: Peter Cooper builds the Tom Thumb Peter Cooper

15. American Railroads Steam-powered trains became popular after Cooper raced the Tom Thumb against a horse-drawn railcar

16. American Railroads 1840: 2000 miles of track laid Engineers built faster, more powerful locomotives Accidents common because engineers would travel too fast

17. American Railroads 1860: 30,000 miles of track laid Shipping goods to distant markets Helped cities grow