The document summarizes key aspects of the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States following the Civil War, including: - New technologies like electricity, telegraph communication, and railroads transformed daily life and business by improving transportation of goods and people, enabling longer work hours, and allowing communication over long distances. - African American inventors and innovators like Garrett Morgan, Granville Woods, and Lewis Latimer contributed important inventions that advanced industries like rail transport despite facing racial prejudice. - Major innovations like Henry Bessemer's low-cost process for mass producing steel, Henry Ford's assembly line techniques, and Frederick Taylor's scientific management theories fueled rapid industrial growth.

1. A Technological
Revolution

2. What We Will Learn….
• Why the Technological Revolution called “the Second
Industrial Revolution
• How daily lives changed in the decades following the Civil
War.
• How advances in electric power and communication
affected people and businesses in the era.
• The effects the development of railroads had on industrial
growth.
• The impact of the Bessemer process on American culture.
• The contributions of African Americans during the growth
of American Industry
• Innovations developed by African American and how they
helped to fuel industrial development in the United States

3. Vocabulary
• Patent- licenses that give an inventor the exclusive
right to make, use, or sell and invention for a set
period time.
• Productivity -the amount of goods and services
created in a given period of time.
• Transcontinental railroad- railway extending from
coast to coast.
• Bessemer process- The Bessemer process was the
first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-
production of steel from molten pig iron.
• Mass production- production in great amounts of
steel.

4. Main Idea
In the years after Civil War, new technology revolution
American life.
Technology Examples Impact of Daily Life
and Business
Electric power Refrigerator Reduced food
spoilage
Communication Telegram To communicate
with people and
trains
Transportation Trains To ship goods and
to get people to
were the need to
go.

5. Key Facts
The Technological Revolution is also known as
the Second Industrial Revolution.
(an assembly line)
The Technological Revolution saw rapid
industrial development in Western Europe
(Britain, Germany, France, the Low Countries)
as well as the United States and Japan.

6. Why was the Technological
Revolution called “The Second
Industrial Revolution”
The Technological was a phase of the larger Industrial
Revolution corresponding to the later half of the 19th
century until World War 1.
The difference between the First Industrial Revolution and
the Second Industrial Revolution is that the Second
Industrial Revolution had inventions and innovations that
were science based.

7. Daily Life Changes
In the decades after the Civil War, Americans experienced
remarkable changes in their everyday life, from the clothes
they wore and food they ate to their opportunities for
recreation. Mail order catalogs allowed rural residents to buy
new equipment and follow the latest trends in fashion or
household appliances without ever going to a store. The
public school and university systems grew and developed as
the demand for education increased. Meanwhile, Americans
filled their leisure time with a diverse range of activities,
from sports to vaudeville to amusement parks. The impact of
these changes in lifestyle was reflected in both the serious
and popular literature of the time, which emphasized realism
and targeted the growing middle class.

8. Advances in electric power and
communication
With the ability to have electric power lots of homes and
industries were improved. With electric power industries
could produce products faster than usual people could stay
up longer and work longer hours because they were able to
see at night.
Telegraph lines were installed along rail lines for
communicating with trains, evolved into a communication
network

9. The Effects the Development of
Railroads Had on Industrial Growth
Railroads became the dominant mode of land transportation in the last
half of the 19th century. Railroads flourished in England, from 1,000 miles
in 1836 to more than 7,000 miles built by 1852. Railroads provided a fast,
inexpensive, convenient, and efficient mode of transportation for many
passengers. By the 1850s, railways connected the Atlantic seaboard and
the Midwest in the United States. In 1869 the first transcontinental route
was completed to the Pacific coast. This provided the first transportation
for passengers across North America.
Not only did people need better transportation, but manufactured
goods, raw materials and food also needed a quick, inexpensive mode of
transportation . The availability of manufactured goods and foods
increased because of railroads provided quick transportation. Costs of
products also decreased because of railroads.

10. The Impact of the Bessemer
process on American culture
The Bessemer process improved the steel industry by a mile.
Americans had a lot more steel because of this, and it was quick and
easy. Before the introduction of the process, bridges, railroads, and
buildings had to be made out of wrought iron due to the expensive
cost of steel. With Henry Bessemer’s invention, 30,000 miles of
railroad track could be built in the western part of the U.S. The U.S
Military power was also increased since weapons and warships were
made of steel.
The Bessemer Converter

11. African American
contribution during
the growth of
American Industry

12. Garrett Morgan(1877-1963)
Garrett Morgan as born in Paris,
Kentucky in 1877. As a self-
educated man, he went on to
make an explosive entry into the
field of technology. He invented
a gas inhalator when he, his
brother, and some volunteers
were rescuing a group of men
caught by and explosion in a
smoke-filled tunnel under Lake
Erie. Although this rescue earned
Morgan a gold medal , he was
unable to market his gas
inhalator because of racial
prejudice.

13. Granville T. Woods(1856-1910)
Granville Woods was born in
Columbus, Ohio !856. He dedicated
his life to developing a variety of
inventions relating to the railroad
industry. Woods invented more
than a dozen devices to improve
electric railways, cars, and many
more for controlling the flow of
electricity. His most noted
inventions was a system for letting
the engineer of a train know how
close his train to others. This device
helped cut down accidents and
collisions between trains.

14. Lewis Latimer(1848-19280
Lewis Latimer was born in Chelsea,
Massachusetts in 1848. He enlisted in
the Union Navy at the age of 15 and
upon completion of his military
service, returned Massachusetts and
was employed by a patent solicitor
where he began the study of drafting.
His talent for drafting and his creative
genius led him to invent a method of
making carbon filaments for the
Maxim electric incandescent lamp. In
1881, he supervised installation of
electric light in New York,
Philadelphia, Montreal, and London.
Latimer was the original draftsman for
Thomas Edison and as such was the
star witness in Edison’s infringement.

15. Elijah McCoy(1843-1929)
Elijah McCoy was born in
Ontario, Canada, in 1843. He
was educated in Scotland. He
returned to United States to
pursue a position in his field to
mechanical engineering most
famous for a metal or glass
cup that fed oil to bearings
through a smallbore tube.
Machinists and engineers who
wanted genuine McCoy
lubricators may have
originated the term, “the real
McCoy.”

16. Other Inventers
contributions
during the
growth of
American
Industry

17. Thomas A. Edison(1847-1931)
Thomas Edison was born in 1847. He
was an American inventor and
businessman. He developed many
devices that greatly influenced life
around the world, including the
phonograph, the motion picture
camera, and a long-lasting, practical
electric light bulb. He was one of the
first inventors to apply the principles
of mass production and large-scale
teamwork to the process of invention,
and because of that, he is often
credited with the creation of the first
industrial research laboratory. He as
over 1,000 patents granted in his
name.

18. Henry Ford(1863-1947)
Henry Ford was born 1863. He
was an American industrialist,
the founder of the Ford Motor
Company, and sponsor of the
development of the assembly
line technique of mass
production. Although Ford did
not invent the automobile, he
developed and manufactured
the first automobile that many
middle class Americans could
afford to buy. He is credited
with "Fordism": mass
production of inexpensive
goods coupled with high
wages for workers.

19. Henry Bessemer(1813-1898)
Henry Bessemer was in born 1813.
He invented the first process for
mass-producing steel inexpensively,
essential to the development of
skyscrapers. An American, William
Kelly, had held a patent for "a system
of air blowing the carbon out of pig
iron“(the Bessemer Process) a
method of steel production known as
the pneumatic process of
steelmaking. Air is blown through
molten pig iron to oxidize and
remove unwanted impurities.
Bankruptcy forced Kelly to sell his
patent to Bessemer, who had been
working on a similar process for
making steel. And that’s why it’s
named the Bessemer Process.

20. Frederick W. Taylor(1856-1915)
Frederick Taylor was born in 1856.
He is known for being the father of
“scientific management”. His ideas
involved managing human labor
efficiently and effectively. The
science of production, or what
became known as “Taylorism,”
reached its peak during the 1920s,
but attempts to bring scientific
standards to the performance of
workers were central to the growth
of American industries in the
nineteenth century also.