1. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and saw a shift from manual labor and production to mechanized factory systems powered by steam engines.
2. Great Britain had several advantages that contributed to it being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, including natural resources like coal and iron, navigable rivers for transportation, colonies that provided raw materials and markets for finished goods, and inventors who developed new technologies like the steam engine.
3. The textile industry was one of the first to industrialize, with inventions like the spinning jenny, water frame, and steam-powered loom automating textile production and allowing factories to employ hundreds of workers.
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth.
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TOPIC - WATER CANALS (academic work)
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Under History of architecture
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The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth.
Here is the presentation for INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION -
TOPIC - WATER CANALS (academic work)
check out once..
for B.ARCH-SEM-IV
easy to understand
Under History of architecture
@sbpatilarchitecture
#sbpcad
This presentation was delivered to the HTAV annual conference 2012 and looks at key developments of the Industrial Revolution and how these ideas travelled to Australia during the Gold Rushes and transformed society there.
This presentation discussed the important technological development during the industrial revolution time. Specifically, the textile, steam power and iron making industry of Great Britain and its effect to social community.
I made this presentation to specifically cover why Industrial revolution started, causes of Industrial revolution, major inventions, effects - both positive and negative and industrial revolution today.
This presentation was delivered to the HTAV annual conference 2012 and looks at key developments of the Industrial Revolution and how these ideas travelled to Australia during the Gold Rushes and transformed society there.
This presentation discussed the important technological development during the industrial revolution time. Specifically, the textile, steam power and iron making industry of Great Britain and its effect to social community.
I made this presentation to specifically cover why Industrial revolution started, causes of Industrial revolution, major inventions, effects - both positive and negative and industrial revolution today.
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Industrial Revolution Dbq
The industrial revolution in Europe didn t happen overnight but only spread over the continent very gradually. One of the triggers was the unusually high growth in the population which set in around the middle of the 18th century and produced a gigantic reservoir of workers. At the same time new, more efficient methods of production became necessary in order to supply the basic needs of so many people. In this situation Great Britain enjoyed two important advantages: an extremely productive and wealthy agricultural system, and an astonishing number of creative inventors. This was why the United Kingdom dictated the rhythm of progress to the rest of Europe from 1750 onwards for the next century or so.
The first spinning frames were created on the British Isles. These were followed by mechanical weaving looms, and it was not long before textile factories were shooting out of the ground. At the same time a boom in the iron industry broke out. As soon as people discovered how to turn coal into coke iron manufacturers had excellent, almost unlimited reserves of fuel at their disposal with which to process iron ore. Once steam engines were introduced to heat the furnace ovens more quickly and effectively, the skylines in the coal regions were quickly covered in colliery towers and the chimney stacks of iron works.
Workers poured into the new industrial centers and in a few years villages exploded into major cities: here the masses were forced to live under appalling conditions
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
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Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
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Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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1. B LU E 1 ST YEA R - 201 3
GREEN 1ST YEAR - 2013
Industrial Revolution
2. What’s in a name?
The name “Industrial Revolution” is used to describe
one of the biggest changes in history.
It describes the time when people went from making
goods by hand to making them with machines.
3. WHY IN B RIT A IN ?
Why did the Industrial
Revolution happen?
4. The IR began in Great Britain for a
number of reasons.
The most dramatic
changes in industry
began in Great Britain in
about 1750.
Scientists had been
inventing things during
earlier years. But most of
their work centered
around theories and
ideas.
Now science and
invention took a more
practical turn.
Inventors developed
machines especially
designed to increase
production of goods and
to help people make a
profit.
5. Great Britain had the natural
resources needed for industry…
Great Britain had a good
supply of coal and iron
and it had the
transportation that
industry needed.
7. 1. Navigable rivers
All the major rivers of
Great Britain were
navigable during the
Industrial Revolution.
8. The Severn was used for
the movement of goods
to the Midlands which
had been imported into
Bristol from abroad and
the export of goods from
centres of production in
the Black Country, e.g.
iron goods from
Coalbrookdale.
12. 3. Colonies supplied with abundant
raw material
Britain colonies supplied
raw materials to the
factories in London and
other cities. And the
British government was
eager to support growing
industry.
The colonies were
regarded as a source of
necessary raw materials
for England and were
granted monopolies for
their products, such as
tobacco and sugar, in the
British market.
13. 4. Colonies demanded goods from
the textile and iron industries
The Navigation Act of
1651 stated that all
colonial exports had to
be shipped on English
ships to the British
market, and all colonial
imports had to come by
way of England.
English factories
converted raw goods to
products which were
then shipped back to the
colonies. This provided
the British with a
profitable market, free
from competition.
15. 5. Abundant deposits of coal which
are easily mined and transported.
Coal provides three times
more energy than wood.
Coal kick-started a
revolution in XIII century
Britain, a revolution which
transformed not only the
country but the world
itself.
Coal could produce the
energy to keep the new
steam engines running
and coal was needed to
produce iron. Iron could
be used to improve
machines and tools and it
could be used to build
railroad tracks, bridges
and ships.
16. 6. In Britain the mines were near the
sea, so ships could carry coal cheaply
to the most important market, London.
18. 7. The demand for coal became larger,
but the deeper the miners went the
more water there was underground, so
it was necessary to pump water out of
the mine.
19. 8. Initially people used horse-driven
pumps, but they needed a more
effective way to draw water from much
deeper.
20. 9. In 1712 Thomas Newcomen
invented the atmospheric engine
The first commercially
successful steam engine
was the atmospheric
engine, invented
by Thomas
Newcomen in 1712.
The new engine did the
work of 20 horses and
pumped water from
hundreds of feet below
the ground - making
deeper mines
economically viable.
21. 10. James Watt developed (1763–75) an
improved version of Newcomen's
engine, with a separate condenser.
Boulton and Watt’s early
machines used less coal
than Newcomen’s
23. The Textile Industry before the IR
In the earliest days, British merchants imported
cloth from other lands. Because of the costs of
shipping finished goods, cloth was very expensive.
In the 1600s, Britain began importing raw cotton.
The British spun their own threads and then wove
their own cloth.
Farm families did the work. They set up spinning
wheels and looms in their cottages. Both spinning
wheel and loom were operated by hand: they were
called the “cottage weavers”.
25. The textile industry during the IR
In the 1700s some new machines were invented
which changed the textile industry. Spinners and
weavers left their cottages and went to work in new
factories.
The textile industry moved out of the English
cottages. Mills and factores were built. Workers were
no longer their own bosses. They became factory
hands. They worked in large mills that often
employed up to 600 people.
27. 12. Spinning Jenny
The Spinning Jenny
was invented the first
machine to produce
yarn.
Created in the s. XVIII,
it represented one of the
most important
technical innovations in
the textile industry and
therefore can be
considered one of the
leaders of the industrial
revolution.
29. 14. The mule
In 1779 Samuel
Crompton combined the
spinning jenny and the
water frame into one
machine. He called it the
“mule”. It could spin
much finer threads very
rapidly.
30. Steam-powered loom
With so much thread
being produced, the
textile industry needed a
better loom. In 1785
Edmund Cartwright
invented a steam-
powered loom.