Industrial Revolution PowerPoint

1. Industrial Revolution
• The industrial revolution would change society
completely
• It revolved around three main industries:
textiles, mining and steel production
• Before the industrial revolution all clothes
were handmade
• It was a cottage industry and was extremely
slow in production
• A number of inventions would change all this
however

3. • James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny
• This allowed a weaver to spin eight times
more yarn
• Richard Arkwright developed a water frame
which produced stronger thread
• Huge factories(Mills) were built to house
these new big machines
• These factories produced huge amounts of
cloth
• They required huge numbers of people to
work in them

4. Spinning Jenny Water Frame

5. • This saw a surge in factory employment as
people moved away from the land
• Coal played a vital part in the industrial
revolution
• Coal provided the power that ran steam
engines which were used in factories
• It was also converted to coke which was
essential for the making of steel
• Coal miners worked around 12 hours a day in
terrible conditions
• Most mines were far underground and could
only be reached by deep shafts

6. • There were several different jobs in the mines
• Hewers cut the coal from the face, hurriers
then transported it from the face to the
mineshaft
• Hurriers were usually women and children
• Children as young as 5 were used as trappers
• The opened and closed trap doors as coal
carts passed
• The mines were extremely dangerous
• Explosions from pockets of gas and pit
collapses were a constant problem

7. • Miners were also constantly breathing in coal
dust
• Flooding was also a real danger with miners
often drowning
• Injuries constantly occurred. Miner often
became crippled with back problems because
of the cramped conditions
• Most of the new machines, ships and factories
were now made of iron and steel
• This led to huge demand for iron and steel

8. • In order to make steel there were several
steps to go through
• First iron ore was extracted from the ground
• Coke was used to heat a blast furnace where
the iron ore was smelted
• This produced a weak iron or steel
• Abraham Darby discovered how to convert
coal into coke
• Henry Court discovered ”pudding and rolling”
which improved the quality of wrought iron

9. • By 1850 tens of thousands of people in Britain
worked in steel production
• They were usually located close to coal mines
• The workers faced dangers from the molten
metal and the extreme heat
• Britain would go on to become known as the
workshop of the world

10. Working Conditions
• Workers began work at 5.50 and worked
between 12 and 16 hours a day.
• They worked 6 days a week and there was no
such thing as holidays
• If people could not turn up for work they
would lose part of their wage or sometimes
their job
• There was huge competition for jobs as
people flowed into the cities

11. • This meant people who were unable to attend
work could easily be replaced
• It also drove wages even lower
• This meant one wage was not enough for a
family to survive on
• This led to children having to go out to work
• Child labour was extremely common during
the industrial revolution

12. Living Conditions
• During the industrial revolution there was a
clear class system in England
• There was the upper, middle and working
class
• The population of Britain more than doubled
from 9 to 22 million between 1801 and 1851
• This led to overcrowding in the towns and
cities
• Whole families often lived in one roomed
apartments

13. • Sanitation was a huge problem as very few
English cities had water or sewerage systems
• This along with air pollution from the factories
greatly increased the probability of disease
• Among the most common of the diseases
were typhoid, cholera, smallpox and
consumption(TB)
• Drinking was a major social problem and
further put people into poverty
• The rich at the time ate well but the poor
relied on gruel(porridge)

14. • High levels of crime existed due to the
extreme poverty that people suffered
• Education for the working class was almost
non-existent
• This was the case as most of the children had
to work
• The rich however were educated very well in
private fee paying schools
• There was little time for leisure but despite
this some pastimes did exist

15. • Bare- knuckle boxing
and fog fighting were
popular
• Football also began to
have its foundation at
this time