What is today seen as industrial automation, began in the 19th century as industrial revolution. Further on, the use of electricity and application of feedback controllers led to modern automation in manufacturing. And today all sectors of industry are embracing some form of technology to increase productivity.

1. INDUSTRY 1.0 INDUSTRY 2.0 INDUSTRY 3.0 INDUSTRY 4.0

2. First Industrial Revolution
18th Century
• Invention of steam engine.
• Transition from hand production
methods to machines
• The term “factory” became
popular.
• Use of steam power and water
power marks this revolution.
• Textile industry benefitted
significantly from this development.

3. Second Industrial Revolution
19th Century
• Better known as “Technological
Revolution”.
• Extensive use of railroad networks and
telegraph.
• Faster transfer of ideas and people.
• Introduction of “Steel” and use of
“Electricity” in factories.
• Introduction of Mass production
methods.
• Period of enormous economic growth
and productivity.
• Caused a surge in unemployment where
machines replaced men.

4. Third Industrial Revolution
20th Century
• Happened right after the two world wars.
• Also referred to as “Digital Revolution”
where we saw a shift
from analog systems to digital systems.
• This era brought inventions like Z1 – the
electrically driven
mechanical calculator.
• Also referred to as the “Information Age”,
where we saw vast
development in Information and
Communication technology,
and Super Computers.

5. Fourth Industrial Revolution
21st Century - Today
• Complete restructuring of production
processes.
• Transforming analog and centralized
workflows into digital and
decentralized production processes.
• Lower production costs, greater
resource efficiency and more
customer oriented.
• New business models, innovative
products and unique services.
• Internet-driven, self-controlling, and
sensor-aided production
systems.

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