Chapter 9 Urinary System medical terminology

1. Jasmine Roach

2.  UTI: Is an affection, in
any part of your urinary
system.
 Kidneys
 Bladder
 Ureters
 Urethra
 Most infections involve
the lower urinary tract:
 Bladder
 Urethra.
 It is most common in
women because of their
short urethra.
 Women are at greater
risk developing a UTI
then men .
 Infection limited to
your bladder can be
very painful and
annoying.
 However, serious
consequences can occur
if the UTI spreads to
your kidneys.

3.  UTI’s do not always
cause signs and
symptoms but when
they do, they are:
 Strong Persistent urge
to urinate.
 A burning sensation
when urinating.
 Passing frequent,
small amounts of
urine.
 Urine that appears
cloudy.
 Urine that appears
red, bright-pink, or
cola colored--- a
sign of blood in the
urine.
 Strong smelling
urine.
 Pelvic pain in
women.
 Rectal pain in men.

4.  Kidneys (acute
pyelonephritis)
 Signs and
Symptoms:
 Upper back and side
(flank) pain.
 High fever.
 Shaking and chills.
 Nausea.
 Vomiting.

5.  Bladder (cystitis)
 Urethra
(Urethritis)
 Signs and
symptoms:
 Pelvic pressure.
 Lower abdomen
discomfort.
 Frequent, painful
urination.
 Blood in urine.
 Burning with
urination.

6.  BUN: is a common
blood test that
reveals important
information about
how well a persons
kidneys and liver
are working.
 It measures the
amount of urea
nitrogen that’s in a
persons blood.
 A BUN test can
reveal whether
your urea nitrogen
levels are higher
than normal.
 This suggests that
your kidneys or
liver may not be
working properly.

7.  You may need a BUN
test if:
 Your doctor suspects
that you have kidney
damage.
 If your kidney
function needs to be
evaluated.
 To help determine the
effectiveness of
dialysis treatment if
you’re receiving
hemodialysis or
peritoneal dialysis.
 If kidney problems
are the main
concern, once the
blood is tested for
urea nitrogen
levels, it will also
be tested for
creatinine levels.
 High levels of
creatinine may be a
sign of kidney
damage.

8.  KUB: is the Kidneys,
Ureters, Bladder X-
Ray.
 It may performed to
assess and the
abdominal area for
causes of abdominal
pain, or assess the
organs and
structures of the
urinary and/or
gastrointestinal (GI)
system.
 KUB X-Ray may be
the first diagnostic
procedure used to
assess the urinary
system.
 The X-Ray uses
invisible
electromagnetic
beams to produce
images of internal
tissues, bones, and
organs on film.

9.  KUB may be performed to
help diagnose the cause of
abdominal pain, such as
masses, perforations, or
obstruction.
 A KUB X-Ray may be taken to
evaluate the urinary tract
before other diagnostic
procedures are formed.
 A person may want to ask
their doctor about the
amount of radiation used
during the procedure and the
risks related to your
particular situation.
 Certain factors or conditions
may interfere with the
accuracy of KUB. They
include but are limited to:
 Recent barium X-Rays of the
abdomen.
 Gas, feces, or foreign body in
the intestine.
 Uterine or ovarian masses, such
as calcified fibromas of the
uterus or ovarian lesions.

10.  ARF: Occurs when your
kidneys suddenly become
unable to filter waste
products from your blood.
 When your kidneys lose
their filtering ability,
dangerous levels of wastes
may accumulate and your
bloods chemical makeup
may get out of balance.
 ARF can develop rapidly
over a few hours or days.
 It is most common in
people who are already
hospitalized, particularly
in critically ill people who
need intensive care.
 It can be fatal and
requires intensive
treatment. However, ARF
may be reversible.
 If you’re in good health,
you may recover normal
kidney function.

11.  Sometimes ARF causes
no signs or symptoms
and is detected
through lab test.
 Decreased urine
output, although
occasionally urine
output remains
normal.
 Fluid retention,
causing swelling in
your legs, ankles or
feet.
 Drowsiness.
 Shortness of breath.
 Fatigue.
 Confusion.
 Nausea.
 Seizures or coma in
severe cases.
 Chest pain or
pressure.

12.  You have a condition that slows flow to your
kidneys.
 You experience direct damage to your
kidneys.
 Your kidneys’ urine drainage tubes (ureters)
become blocked and wastes can’t leave the
body through your urine.

13.  Impaired blood flow to the
kidneys.
 Blood or fluid loss.
 Blood pressure medications.
 Heart attack.
 Heart disease.
 Infection.
 Liver failure.
 Use of asparin, ibuprofen,
naproxen or related drugs.
 Severe allergic reactions.
 Severe burns.
 Severe dehydration.
 Damage to the Kidneys:
 Blood clots in the veins and
arteries in and around the
kidneys.
 Cholesterol deposits that
block blood flow in the
kidneys.
 Glomerulonephritis,
inflammation of the tiny
filters in the kidneys.
 Hemolytic uremic syndrome,
a condition that results from
premature destruction of
red blood cells.
 Infection
 Lupus, an immune system
disorder causing
glomerulonephritis.

14.  CRF: is the gradual
loss of kidney
function.
 When CRF reaches
an advanced
stage, dangerous
levels of fluid,
electrolytes and
waste can build up
in your body.
 In the early stages
you may see signs
or symptoms.
 It may not become
apparent until
your kidney
function is
significantly
impaired.

15.  Nausea.
 Vomiting.
 Loss of appetite.
 Fatigue and
weakness.
 Sleep problems.
 Changes in urine
output.
 Decreased mental
sharpness.
 Muscle twitches.
 Hiccups.
 Swelling of feet and
ankles.
 Persistent itching.
 Chest pain, if fluid
builds up around the
lining of the heart.
 Shortness of breath,
if fluid builds up in
the lungs.
 High blood pressure
(hypertension) that’s
difficult to control.

16.  Type 1 or Type 2
diabetes.
 High blood pressure.
 Glomerulonephritis, an
inflammation of the
kidney’s filtering units
(glomeruli).
 Interstitial nephritis, an
inflammation of the
kidney’s tubules and
surrounding structures.
 Polycystic kidney
disease.
 Prolonged obstruction
of the urinary tract,
from conditions such as
enlarged prostate,
kidney stones, and
some cancers.
 Vesicoureteral reflux,
condition that causes
urine to back up into
your kidneys.
 Recurrent kidney
infection, also called
pyelonephritis.