The document summarizes the urinary system of goats. It describes how the system maintains homeostasis through processes like removing waste, regulating water and salt balance, and controlling blood pressure. It then outlines the key structures of the urinary system including the kidneys, nephrons, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The document provides detailed descriptions of kidney anatomy and the role of different parts of the nephron in filtering and processing blood to form urine.
hi guys!
This is my latest slide on Excretory system, based on Cambridge GCE 'O' level syllabus.
These slides cover much on the essential points and might not be really comprehensive.
These slides are constructed to be interactive to further boost your understanding by eliminating superfluous words and adding more animations.
Thus, I RECOMMEND you to download the slides to access the many animations to interact with your mind.
Follow my slideshare profile to receive updates on new slides!!
or contact me:
Email: fazzydoo@gmail.com
facebook: faiz abdullah
twitter: @fazzydoo
if you have questions or would like to address mistakes on my slides or simply just to request me to personally make your slides.
All images and materials are copyright protected and have no affiliations to me
hi guys!
This is my latest slide on Excretory system, based on Cambridge GCE 'O' level syllabus.
These slides cover much on the essential points and might not be really comprehensive.
These slides are constructed to be interactive to further boost your understanding by eliminating superfluous words and adding more animations.
Thus, I RECOMMEND you to download the slides to access the many animations to interact with your mind.
Follow my slideshare profile to receive updates on new slides!!
or contact me:
Email: fazzydoo@gmail.com
facebook: faiz abdullah
twitter: @fazzydoo
if you have questions or would like to address mistakes on my slides or simply just to request me to personally make your slides.
All images and materials are copyright protected and have no affiliations to me
education is our passport to the future for tommorow belongs to the people who prepare for it today....help for you and its good for ur study...i hope it is usefull for all ur study
If you want to help or donate please donate at my paypal:
dyokimura@gmail.com
SUPPORT ME:
https://www.buymeacoffee.com/dyokimura6
CHECK MY GAMING CHANNEL:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoKOObshfyyxhVkw1VjyQNA
Urinary System human anatomu and physiology 2 .pptxNutanKamble7
The primary job of the urinary system is to filter blood, producing urine as a waste product in the process. The renal pelvis, bladder, urethra, ureters, and kidneys are the organs that make up the urinary system. The nutrients in meals are transformed by the body into energy.The kidneys secrete urine, which is a liquid waste product. The fluid known as urine is translucent and clear, typically with an amber tint. An average person excretes five to eight cups, or forty to sixty ounces, of pee in a 24-hour period. Urine is mostly composed of salt, urea, and uric acid in a watery solution.The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra make up the human urine system, sometimes referred to as the urinary tract or renal system. The elimination of waste from the body, blood volume and pressure regulation, electrolyte and metabolite level control, and blood pH regulation are all functions of the urinary system. The body's drainage system for eventually eliminating urine is the urinary tract.[1] Via the renal arteries, which exit the kidneys through the renal vein, the kidneys receive a substantial blood supply. Nephrons are the functional units that make up each kidney. Wastes (in the form of urine) leave the kidney through the ureters, tubes composed of smooth muscle fibres that direct urine into the bladder, where it is collected and processed further.The organs that generate urine and carry it to the excretory site are referred to as the urinary system. The kidneys are situated in the space between the parietal peritoneum and the dorsal body wall on both the left and right sides of the human urinary system.The kidney's functional unit, the nephrons, is where urine is first formed. After that, urine travels via the nephrons and the collecting ducts, a network of convergent tubules. The minor and major calyces that eventually connect to the renal pelvis are formed by the union of these collecting ducts. Urine then proceeds from the renal pelvis into the ureter, where it is transported to the bladder. Males and females have different urinary system anatomy, specifically in relation to the urine bladder. The prostatic, membranous, bulbar, and penile urethras in men are formed by the urethra's progression from the internal urethral aperture in the bladder's trigone via the external urethral orifice. The urine leaves the body through the external meatus of the urethra. The female urethra, which starts at the neck of the bladder and ends in the vaginal vestibule, is substantially shorter.Bowman's capsule filters blood entering the tubules from the circulatory system in the first segment of the nephron. Filtration across a semipermeable membrane is facilitated by gradients of osmotic and hydrostatic pressure. Water, ions, and tiny molecules that easily flow through the filtering membrane make up the filtrate. However, the filtration barrier blocks the passage of bigger molecules like proteins and blood cells. The glomerular filtration rate, or GFR, is the volume
The urinary system's function is to filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. The organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra.The body takes nutrients from food and converts them to energy. After the body has taken the food components that it needs, waste products are left behind in the bowel and in the blood.
The kidney and urinary systems help the body to eliminate liquid waste called urea, and to keep chemicals, such as potassium and sodium, and water in balance. Urea is produced when foods containing protein, such as meat, poultry, and certain vegetables, are broken down in the body. Urea is carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys, where it is removed along with water and other wastes in the form of urine. Kidney and urinary system parts and their functions
Two kidneys. This pair of purplish-brown organs is located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. Their function is to:
Remove waste products and drugs from the body
Balance the body's fluids
Release hormones to regulate blood pressure
Control production of red blood cells
The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule. Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.
Two ureters. These narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine downward, away from the kidneys. If urine backs up, or is allowed to stand still, a kidney infection can develop. About every 10 to 15 seconds, small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters.
Bladder. This triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra. The typical healthy adult bladder can store up to two cups of urine for two to five hours.
Upon examination, specific "landmarks" are used to describe the location of any irregularities in the bladder. These are:
Trigone: a triangle-shaped region near the junction of the urethra and the bladder
Right and left lateral walls: walls on either side of the trigone
Posterior wall: back wall
Dome: roof of the bladder
2. Urinary System Of Goat
Presented To:
Sir Zeeshan Akbar Sb.
Presented By:
14-Arid-2030
14-Arid-2029
14-Arid-2028
14-Arid-2036
DVM 1st (Evening)
Group (A)
3. Homeostasis
The urinary system maintains homeostasis in
several ways:
Removal of urea (nitrogenous waste) from the
bloodstream.
Control of water and salt balance in the bloodstream.
Involved in blood pressure regulation.
4. Renin
Renin is an enzyme released by the kidneys in
response to a drop in blood pressure.
Renin catalyzes the production of angiotensin, a
hormone that causes arterioles to constrict, raising
blood pressure. This also causes water retention.
How does this maintain homeostasis of blood
pressure?
5. Erythropoietin
A second response to low blood pressure is the
release of erythropoietin, another hormone.
Erythropoietin travels to the bone marrow and
stimulates the production of new blood cells. How
does this maintain homeostasis?
6. Amino acid metabolism Amino acids are the
building blocks of
protein. If not needed
for building protein,
then can be
metabolized for energy,
or broken apart and the
carbon chains used to
make fat.
Metabolism requires
removal of the amine
unit (NH3).
7. Regulating water
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called
vasopressin) is part of a negative feedback system
that regulates water in the mammalian body.
ADH increases the permeability of the distal tubule,
allowing greater water recovery.
8.
9. Ammonia and Urea
Ammonia is toxic and highly water soluble.
The liver turns ammonia into urea, which is less
toxic and less soluble.
10. Urinary system anatomy
Main structures of the urinary system:
kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra
11. Anatomy of the Kidney
Main structures of the mammalian kidney:
renal cortex
renal medula
renal pelvis
nephrons
12. Outline
Uriniferous tubule (anatomical unit for forming urine)
Nephron
Renal corpuscle (in cortex)
Glomerulus (tuft of capillaries)
Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
Tubular section
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
12
13. Anatomy of the Nephron
Glomerulus
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal tubule
14. Glomerulus This is the only place
in the system where
the blood is actually
“filtered.”
Blood pressure is
used to push plasma
through capillary
walls and into the
Bowman’s capsule.
15. Proximal tubule
Nutrients (salts, vitamins, etc.) are moved out of the
tubule through active transport.
Water follows the nutrients by osmosis.
16. Loop of Henle Tissue around the
Loop of Henle is
salty, from active
transport and
diffusion of
sodium chloride.
The salty
conditions allow
water to diffuse out
of the loop.
17. Distal tubule
Active transport
is used to move
more nutrients
out of the
concentrated
urine.
Some ions,
drugs, and toxins
are actively
pumped into the
tubule.
18. Collecting Duct More water
leaves the tube
by osmosis, since
the tube is
surrounded by
salty tissue.
Some urea leaves
by diffusion, and
may be cycled
through the
system.
19.
20. Vessels
Afferent and efferent arterioles associated with glomerular capillaries
Allows high pressure for forcing filtrate out of blood
About 20% of renal plasma flow is filtered each minute : this is the glomerular filtration
rate (GFR), an important clinical measure of renal function
This is about one liter every 8 minutes (only 1% ends up as urine)
Peritubular capillaries arise from efferent arterioles
Absorb solutes and water from tubule cells
20
22. The Vasa recta is a
portion of the
peritubular capillary
system which enters the
medulla where the solute
concentration in the
interstitium is high. It
acts with the loop of
Henle to concentrate the
urine by a complex
mechanism of counter
current exchange using
urea. If the vasa recta did
not exist, the high
concentration of solutes
in the medullary
interstitium would be
washed out.
22
____vasa recta
(vessels, continued)
The Vasa recta
23. For studying
23
Parts of the kidney:
1. Renal pyramid
2. Efferent vessel
3. Renal artery
4. Renal vein
5. Renal hilum
6. Renal pelvis
7. Ureter
8. Minor calyx
9. Renal capsule
10. Inferior renal capsule
11. Superior renal capsule
12. Afferent vessel
13. Nephron
14. Minor calyx
15. Major calyx
16. Renal papilla
17. Renal column
24. The Ureters
Slender tubes leaving each
renal pelvis
One for each kidney
carrying urine to the
bladder
Run medially within
posterior bladder wall
before opening into
interior
This oblique entry helps
prevent backflow of urine
24
25. Ureters play an active role in
transporting urine (it’s not
just by gravity)
Three basic layers
Transitional epithelium
of mucosa stretches
when ureters fill
Muscularis
Inner longitudinal, outer
circular layers
Inferior 3rd with extra
longitudinal layer)
Stimulated to contract
when urine in ureter:
peristaltic waves to
propel urine to bladder
Adventitia (external)
25
26. Urinary Bladder Collapsible muscular
sac
Stores and expels urine
When full it become
ovoid.
In male it is dorsaly
related to the rectum,
ductusdeference and
acessary sex glands
In female it is related
with body of uterus and
vagina.
26
27. Urethra
Extends to the tip of the
penis, where it exit the
body.
Used to empty the
urinary blader.
Surrounded by smooth
muscle crucial for
ejaculation.