The urinary system, also known as the renal system, is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder for storage and then exits through the urethra. The functional unit of the kidneys is the nephron, which filters blood in the glomerulus and reabsorbs necessary substances or secretes waste in the tubular component to regulate water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.

1. ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
URINARY SYSTEM
(RENAL SYSTEM)

2. RENAL SYSTEM
-Is responsible for the creation, storage and elimination of
urine.
- allows the body to eliminate nitrogenous wastes, such as
urea and uric acid
-Allows the body to adjust its concentrations of salt by
producing dilute or concentrated urine.

4. Functions
 Regulation of the volume of blood by
excretion or conservation of water.
 Regulation of the electrolyte content of the
blood by the excretion or conservation of
minerals.
 Regulation of the acid-base balance of the
blood by excretion or conservation of ions
 Regulation of all of the above in tissue fluid.

5. Parts of Renal System
 Kidneys
 Ureter
 Bladder
 Urethra

6. Parts of Renal System
 Kidneys
- is to separate urea, mineral salts, toxins and
other waste products from the blood.
- filtering out wastes to be excreted in the urine.
- regulating BP
- regulating an acid-base balance
- stimulating RBC production

7. Parts of Renal System
 Ureters
- transports urine from the renal pelvis of the
kidney to which it is attracted, to the bladder.
- pass beneath the urinary bladder, which
results in the bladder compressing the ureters
and hence preventing back-flow of urine
when pressure in the bladder is high during
urination.

8. Parts of Renal System
 Bladder
- store urine
- expels urine into the urethra (Micturation)
Micturation – involves both voluntary and
involutary muscles.

9. Parts of Renal System
 Urethra
- is the passageway through which urine is
discharged from the body

10. FACT :
Main differencebetween theurinary system of male
and femaleisthe
“length of urethra.”

11.  Nephrons – functional unit of kidney. Each
kidney is formed of about one million
nephrons.
 Glomerulus – filters the blood
 Bowman’s Capsule – is a large double walled
cup. It lies in the renal cortex
 Tubular Component – necessary substances
are being reabsorbed
Other Parts of Renal System

12.  Loop of Henle – create a concentration
gradient in the medulla of the kidney.
- reabsorb water and important nutrients in
the filtrate.
 Renal Vein – a blood vessel that carries
deoxygenated blood out of the kidneys
 Renal Artery – supply clean, oxygen-rich
blood to the kidneys
 Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland) – located
on top of the kidneys and is essential for
balancing salt and water in the body

13. Three process in Urine
Formation

14. Glomerular filtration
 Beginning of the process.
 A process by which the blood courses
through the glomeruli, much of its fluid,
containg both useful chemicals and dissolve
waste materials, soaks out the blood through
membranes where it is filtered and then flows
into Bowman’s capsule.

15. Tubular Reabsorption
 A movement of substances out of the renal
tubules back into the blood capillaries located
around the tubules (peritubular capillaries).

16. Tubular Secretion
 disposing of substances not already in the
filtrate (drugs)
 eliminating undesirable substances that have
been reabsorbed by passive processes (urea
and uric acid)
 ridding the body of excess potassium ions
 controlling pH

17. Glomerular Filtration Rate
 is the amount of fluid filtered from the blood
into the capsule each minute. Factors
governing the filtration rate at the capillary
beds are:
 1. total surface area available for filtration
 2. filtration membrane permeability
 3. net filtration pressure

18. URINARY SYSTEM
Kidneys
Arteries and
Veins
Urinary Tract
(ureter)
Urinary
Bladder

19. Hilus
Lobules
Kidney

20. Nephrons
Nephron
tubule
Kidney
Nephron

21. Renal Blood flow
Renal artery
Hilus
Segmental
arteries
Lobular
arteries

23. Urine Formation

24. Glomerular
filtration
Tubular
reabsorption
Tubular
secretion
Water
conservation

25. Urinary Tract
(ureter)
Urinary
Bladder
Urethra

26. Summary
 Kidneys performed as the body’s main Excretory
function by filtering the blood and selectively
reabsorbed those materials that are needed to
maintain a stable internal environment.
 Nephrons is the functional unit of the kidneys.
It is composed by a glomerulus which filters the blood
and the tubular component where necessary
substances are reabsorbed into the the blood stream
and the unneeded materials are secreted into the
tubular filtrate for elimination and urine.

27. Thank you 