Ecology is the study of living organisms in their natural environment. It examines how organisms interact with each other and their nonliving surroundings. The field of ecology has evolved over time, with early definitions focusing on the relationships between organisms and their environment, and more recent definitions emphasizing the structure and function of entire ecosystems. Key aspects of ecology include studying populations, communities, ecosystems, energy flow, and material cycles.
Suberins form gas- and water-impermeable layers between cells Suberin is the polymeric compound formed from phenyl propanoids, long chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols (C18–C30), as well as the hydroxyl fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids (C14–C20). In suberin, the phenyl propanoids are to some extent related with each other as in lignin. However, most of the 9′-OH groups are not involved in the specific linkages and instead form esters with fatty acids.
Often two phenyl propanoids are connected by a dicarboxylic acid via ester linkages, and fatty acids and hydroxyl fatty acids also can form esters with each other (Fraser et al., 1978). Although the mechanism of suberin synthesis is to a large extent still not known or yet to be explored, it appears that the peroxidases are also involved in this process (Foster et al., 1983).
Suberin is a cell wall comprises that forms gas- and watertight layers. It is portion of the Casparian strip of the root endodermis
Most bacteria are free-living organisms that grow by increasing
in mass and then divide by binary fission.
Growth and division are controlled by genes, the expression
of which must be regulated appropriately. Genes
whose activity is controlled in response to the needs of a
cell or organism are called regulated genes. All organisms
also have a large number of genes whose products
are essential to the normal functioning of a growing and
dividing cell, no matter what the conditions are. These
genes are always active in growing cells and are known as
constitutive genes or housekeeping genes; examples include
genes that code for the enzymes needed for protein
synthesis and glucose metabolism. Note that all genes are
regulated on some level. If normal cell function is impaired
for some reason, the expression of all genes, including
constitutive genes, is reduced by regulatory
mechanisms. Thus, the distinction between regulated
and constitutive genes is somewhat arbitrary.
you will learn about the primary and secondary productivity involved in ecosystem and about its types. it includes gross and net primary productivity also.
A prelude to genetics of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
the theory provides an explanation for the presence and source of organellar genome in eukaryotic cell
Age structured populations, habitat and niche, niche types, diff bw fundamental and realized niche, niche width and overlap, competitive exclusion principle, resource partioning and its types, character displacement.
A photograph of the decisive decade we are facing, the perfect storm of environmental, economic and growth crisis we are facing and some possible ways to help the transition from this old unsustainable system to a new world order sustained by a new approach of global prosperity, justice and sustainability.
Sustainable Materialism: Exploratory research on designing for reflection on materialistic behaviours in the domain of Interaction Design
Download thesis here: http://www.aaronmullane.com/
Suberins form gas- and water-impermeable layers between cells Suberin is the polymeric compound formed from phenyl propanoids, long chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols (C18–C30), as well as the hydroxyl fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids (C14–C20). In suberin, the phenyl propanoids are to some extent related with each other as in lignin. However, most of the 9′-OH groups are not involved in the specific linkages and instead form esters with fatty acids.
Often two phenyl propanoids are connected by a dicarboxylic acid via ester linkages, and fatty acids and hydroxyl fatty acids also can form esters with each other (Fraser et al., 1978). Although the mechanism of suberin synthesis is to a large extent still not known or yet to be explored, it appears that the peroxidases are also involved in this process (Foster et al., 1983).
Suberin is a cell wall comprises that forms gas- and watertight layers. It is portion of the Casparian strip of the root endodermis
Most bacteria are free-living organisms that grow by increasing
in mass and then divide by binary fission.
Growth and division are controlled by genes, the expression
of which must be regulated appropriately. Genes
whose activity is controlled in response to the needs of a
cell or organism are called regulated genes. All organisms
also have a large number of genes whose products
are essential to the normal functioning of a growing and
dividing cell, no matter what the conditions are. These
genes are always active in growing cells and are known as
constitutive genes or housekeeping genes; examples include
genes that code for the enzymes needed for protein
synthesis and glucose metabolism. Note that all genes are
regulated on some level. If normal cell function is impaired
for some reason, the expression of all genes, including
constitutive genes, is reduced by regulatory
mechanisms. Thus, the distinction between regulated
and constitutive genes is somewhat arbitrary.
you will learn about the primary and secondary productivity involved in ecosystem and about its types. it includes gross and net primary productivity also.
A prelude to genetics of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
the theory provides an explanation for the presence and source of organellar genome in eukaryotic cell
Age structured populations, habitat and niche, niche types, diff bw fundamental and realized niche, niche width and overlap, competitive exclusion principle, resource partioning and its types, character displacement.
A photograph of the decisive decade we are facing, the perfect storm of environmental, economic and growth crisis we are facing and some possible ways to help the transition from this old unsustainable system to a new world order sustained by a new approach of global prosperity, justice and sustainability.
Sustainable Materialism: Exploratory research on designing for reflection on materialistic behaviours in the domain of Interaction Design
Download thesis here: http://www.aaronmullane.com/
Outline of the an ecologically influenced approach to repository and service interactions. Given at: Towards an European repository ecology: conceptualizing interactions between networks of repositories and services. Workshop at ECDL 2007, 21 September 2007, Budapest, Hungary.
This PowerPoint presentation was created for and first presented at a Spirituality, Leadership, and Management (SLaM) event in 2009 in Sydney after the start of the global economic crisis.
This PowerPoint presentation provides details on a mental health and sustainability education initiative that is currently being trialled in the Sydney - Central Coast - Newcastle region in Australia. An abbreviated version of this seminar series can be held in other locations on request. All participants have access to background readings on this project at www.lfsl.info.
its the best ppt on slideshare for save the mother earth..please first download it and then start the presentation on powerpoint ... it contains almost 3d materials and pictures you will love ...these pictures cant view on the site ..so please download it and then see !! i have included all the animated photos which took me hours to find on internet.. arranged step by step ...THE BEST PPT EVER.. all credits goes to me !!! if you like my ppt please subscribe and send me mails on gupta.arpit389@gmail.com
An Introduction to Ecology 1
more chemistry contents are available
1. pdf file on Termmate: https://www.termmate.com/rabia.aziz
2. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKxWnNdskGHnZFS0h1QRTEA
3. Facebook: https://web.facebook.com/Chemist.Rabia.Aziz/
4. Blogger: https://chemistry-academy.blogspot.com/
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. Evolution of Definitions of
Ecology
Ecology = from the Greek root OIKOS, “at home”, and
LOGY, “the study of”
Haeckle (1870): “By ecology we mean the body of
knowledge concerning the economy of Nature -
theinvestigation of the total relations of the animal to its
inorganic and organic environment.”
Burdon-Sanderson (1890s): Elevated Ecology to one
of the three natural divisions of Biology: Physiology
Morphology -Ecology
Elton (1927): “Scientific natural history”
Andrewartha (1961): “The scientific study of the
distribution and abundance of organisms”
Odum (1963): “The structure and function of Nature”
3. • Ecology (from the Greek oikos
meaning "house" or "dwelling", and
logos meaning "discourse")
• It is the study of the interactions of
organisms with each other and their
environment.
4. • Applied Ecology: Using ecological
principles to maintain conditions necessary
for the continuation of present day life on
earth.
• Industrial Ecology: The design of the
industrial infrastructure such that it consists of
a series of interlocking "technological
ecosystems" interfacing with global natural
ecosystems. Industrial ecology takes the
pattern and processes of natural ecosystems
as a design for sustainability. It represents a
shift in paradigm from conquering nature to
5. • Ecological Engineering: the focus of
Ecological Engineering is on the
manipulation of natural ecosystems by
humans for our purposes, using small
amounts of supplemental energy to
control systems in which the main energy
drives are still coming from non-human
sources.
• It is the design of new ecosystems for
human purposes, using the self-organizing
principles of natural
ecosystems.
• "the design of human society with its
6. • Ecological Economics: Integrating ecology
and economics in such a way that economic
and environmental policies are reinforcing
rather than mutually destructive.
• Urban ecology: For ecologists, urban
ecology is the study of ecology in urban
areas, specifically the relationships,
interactions, types and numbers of species
found in urban habitats. Also, the design of
sustainable cities, urban design programs
that incorporate political, infrastructure and
economic considerations.
7. Conservation Biology: The application of
diverse fields and disciplines to the
conservation of biological diversity.
Restoration Biology: Application of
ecosystem ecology to the restoration of
deteriorated landscapes in an attempt to
bring it back to its original state as much as
possible. Example, prarie grass.
8. Landscape Ecology: is concerned with
spatial patterns in the landscape and how
they develop, with an emphasis on the role
of disturbance, including human impacts”
(Smith and Smith). It is a relatively new
branch of ecology, that employs Global
Information Systems. The goal is to predict
the responses of different organisms to
changes in landscape, to ultimately facilitate
ecosystem management.
9. Ecological Organization:
1. Population: all the members of a species
inhabiting a given location
2. Community: all the interacting
populations in a given area
3. Ecosystem: the living community and
the physical environment functioning
together as an independent and
relatively stable system
10. 4. Biosphere: that portion of the earth
where life exists
a. The biosphere is composed of
numerous complex ecosystems.
b. An ecosystem involves interactions
between abiotic (physical) and biotic
(living) factors. The members of the
community in the ecosystem and
environment must interact to maintain
a balance.
11.
12. An ecosystem is self-sustaining if the
following requirements are met:
1. A constant source of energy and a
living system capable of incorporating
this energy into organic molecules.
2. A cycling of materials between
organisms and their environment.
13. In all
environments,
organisms with
similar needs may
compete with
each other for
resources,
including food,
space, water, air,
and shelter.
14. Abiotic factors:
those physical and chemical factors which
affect the ability of organisms to survive
and reproduce
15. Some Abiotic Factors:
1. intensity of light
2. range of temperatures
3. amount of moisture
4. type of substratum (soil or rock type)
5. availability of inorganic substances such
as minerals
6. supply of gases such as oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and nitrogen
7. pH
16. ** Each of the prior listed abiotic factors varies
in the environment and, as such, may act as
a limiting factor, determining the types of
organisms that exist in that environment.
17. Some examples:
1. A low annual temperature common to the
northern latitudes determines in part the
species of plants which can exist in that
area.
2. The amount of oxygen dissolved in a
body of water will help determine what
species of fish live there.
3. The dry environment of desert regions
limits the organisms that can live there.
21. Species
a group of living organisms consisting of
similar individuals capable of exchanging
genes or interbreeding. The species is the
principal natural taxonomic unit, ranking
below a genus and denoted by a Latin
binomial, e.g., Homo sapiens.
22. Ecotype
sometimes called ecospecies
describes a genetically distinct geographic
variety, population or race within a
species, which is adapted to specific
environmental conditions.
Typically, ecotypes exhibit phenotypic
stemming from environmental
heterogeneity
capable of interbreeding with other
geographically adjacent ecotypes without
loss of fertility or vigor
23. Ecotype: earthworms
Earthworms fall into four different ecotypes.
Compost earthworm prefer warm and moist
environments with a ready supply of fresh compost
material.
24. Ecotype: earthworms
Earthworms fall into four different ecotypes.
Epigeic earthworms live on the surface of the soil
in leaf litter and tend not to make burrows but live
in and feed on the leaf litter.
25. Ecotype: earthworms
Earthworms fall into four different ecotypes.
Endogeic earthworms live in and feed on the soil,
making horizontal burrows through the soil to move
around and to feed and they will reuse these
burrows to a certain extent.
26. Ecotype: earthworms
Earthworms fall into four different ecotypes.
Anecic earthworms make permanent vertical
burrows in soil, feeding on leaves on the soil
surface that they drag into their burrows
38. LEVELS OF ECOLOGICAL STUDY
ORGANISMAL ECOLOGY - the study of individual organisms'
behavior, physiology, morphology, etc. in response to
environmental challenges.
POPULATION ECOLOGY - the study of factors that affect and
change the size and genetic composition of populations of
organisms.
COMMUNITY ECOLOGY - the study of how community structure
and organization are changed by interactions among living
organisms
ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY - the study of entire ecosystems,
including the responses and changes in the community in
response to the abiotic components of the ecosystem. This field is
concerned with such large-scale topics as energy and nutrient
cycling.
39. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY – study of the exchanges of energy,
materials, organisms and other products of between ecosystems.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY - the study of the effects of regional change
in energy and matter exchange on the function and distribution of
organisms across the biosphere.