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Ecology jt2012
The document discusses various concepts in ecology including the levels of ecological organization from the biosphere to organisms and the interconnectedness of all living things. It covers topics like population dynamics, growth models, limiting factors, species interactions through competition and mutualism, ecological succession, energy flow through ecosystems, and the major biomes found around the world. The overall theme is the complex relationships and interactions between organisms and their environments.
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Ecology jt2012
- 1. Ecology - C.18 The study of the interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment.
- 2. Levels of Organization •Biosphere-everything living • Ecosystem-living and nonliving in an area • Community-group of populations • Population- # same species in an area • Organism-an individual Theme: Interconnectedness. No organism is isolated!
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- 4. Population Dynamics Population: Membersof the same species living in a particular place at the same time.
- 5. Measuring Population Density: TheMark-Recapture Method Formula for calculating population size: N = (M * C) / R N = population size M = individuals marked on first sampling effort C = individuals marked on second sampling effort R = individuals captured both times
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- 7. Measuring Populations • Demographics-studyof population dynamics. How populations grow and what factors limit growth. • Per Capita Growth: BR-DR = GR
- 8. Models of Growth •Exponential Growth • Logistic Growth
- 9. Exponential Growth of Bacteria
- 10. Logistic Growth Fur Sealson Saint Paul Island, off the coast of Alaska
- 11. Limiting Factors &Carrying Capacity
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- 15. Ecosystem Components • AbioticFactors: non-living components such as sunlight, water, temperature, wind, natural disasters and rocks and soil. • Biotic Factors: living components (or biota) such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
- 16. Communities- C. 19 •All interacting organisms living in one area.
- 17. Biodiversity • The biodiversityof an area is a way of describing how many different organisms live there • Low biodiversity is a major problem that can occur to decrease the aesthetic and/or utilitarian value of an ecosystem • A variety of indices can be used to describe an area’s biodiversity
- 18. Invasive Species • Aninvasive species is one Dutch Elm Disease that when brought to a new area or part of an area is likely to cause or will cause environmental harm • Most often, the harm caused is a loss of biodiversity or loss of some other species • An exotic or alien species is one that is not native to an area
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- 20. Examples of SpeciesInteractions •Mutualism • Commensalism •Parasitism
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- 22. Competition Competitive Exclusion Resource Partitioning, Anolis lizards
- 23. Creating or Repairing:Succession
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- 25. Periodic Disturbances Increased sunlightand soil nutrients released from the tress that burned in a forest fire in Yellowstone National Park greatly contributed to the recolonization of the land.
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- 33. Where do OrganismsLive? Climate is a major Influence
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