The document discusses various topics related to the effects of using information and communication technologies (ICT), including software copyright issues, computer viruses and hacking, the impact of ICT on employment and online shopping/banking, internet security threats, and potential health and safety risks of ICT use. It provides information on software piracy prevention methods and explains concepts like encryption, phishing, and cookies.

1. Unit 6 – Effects of using ICT
Mr Spavin

2. Google's Schmidt set to testify in
smartphone trial
• (Reuters) - Google's former chief
executive, Eric Schmidt, is slated to
testify on Tuesday as Oracle's final
witness in the first part of a high
stakes trial over smartphone
technology, attorneys said in court.
– Oracle sued Google in August
2010, saying Google's Android mobile
operating system infringes its copyrights
and patents for the Java programming
language. Google countered that it does
not violate Oracle's patents and that
Oracle cannot copyright certain parts of
Java, an "open-source," or publicly
available, software language.

3. Effects of using ICT
• Intro
• Software copyright
• Viruses & Hacking
• Effects of ICT on Society
• Impact on Employment
• Impact of using ICT for Online Shopping & banking
• Should the internet be Policed?
• Information from the internet
• Internet Developments
• Health & Safety issues

4. Intro
• The use of ICT has massively effected our
everyday life in many ways…
– Society in general
– Employment
– Services
• However, in addition to providing new
opportunities, ICT has introduced it’s own
problem, such as issues…
– Copyright
– Security (companies and individuals)
– Health and safety

5. Software Copyright
• Software is protected by
copyright laws in much the same
way as music CD’s, film DVD’s
and articles from magazines and
books are protected.
• When software is supplied on CD
or DVD there are certain rules
that must be obeyed.
– What are they?

6. Rules
• If you have bought a game on a CD in a shop
and it is ok for you to make one copy to give to
your friend.

7. Rules
Rules
• If you have bought a game in a shop and have
the CD it is ok for you to make one copy to sell
to your friend.

8. Rules
Rules
• It is not legal to make a software copy and
then sell it or give it away to a friend.

9. Rules
• Software can be used on a network or used in
multiple computers if you are able to
download it from a web site.

10. Rules
• Software cannot be used on a network or
used in multiple computers unless a licence
has been acquired to allow this to happen.

11. Rules
• Software can be used on a network or used in
multiple computers when a single licence has
been acquired to allow this to happen.

12. Rules
• It is not legal to use coding from the copyright
software in your own software and then pass
this software on or sell it as your own without
the permission of the copyright holders.

13. Rules
• It is legal to use just the coding from a web
site in your own software.

14. Rules
• Renting out a purchased software package.

15. Rules
• Renting out a purchased software package
without permission to do so is illegal.

16. Rules
• It is ok to use the name of another software
package on your package as long as you don’t
charge more than the original package.

17. Rules
• It is illegal to use the name of a copyrighted
software on other software without
agreement to do so.

18. In what ways can we protect the
software from piracy?
• When the software is installed, the user will be asked
to key in a unique reference number (a string of letters
& numbers) which was supplied with the original copy
• User will be advised to click OK or I Agree to the licence
agreement
• Original software comes with ta sticker informing the
purchaser
• Some software will only run if the original CD/DVD is in
the drive
• Some software will only run if a dongle is plugged in to
one of the USB ports

19. In what ways can we protect the
software from piracy?
• When the software is installed, the user
will be asked to key in a unique
reference number (a string of letters &
numbers) which was supplied with the
original copy
• User will be advised to click OK or I
Agree to the licence agreement
• Original software comes with ta sticker
informing the purchaser
• Some software will only run if the
original CD/DVD is in the drive
• Some software will only run if a dongle
is plugged in to one of the USB ports

20. In what ways can we protect the
software from piracy?
• Using the internet please find two
recent examples of software piracy.
• Using the internet please find
examples of piracy prevention.
– Use these examples to explain the
following:
• Software is protected by copyright laws
• When software is supplied on CD or DVD
there are certain rules that must be obeyed.
• In what ways can we protect the software
from piracy?

21. Why do People Create Computer
Viruses?
There are hundreds of thousands of viruses out
there (if not millions) and they often designed
for different objectives. Most of them fall under
the following categories:
• To take control of a computer and use it for
specific tasks
• To generate money
• To steal sensitive information (credit card
numbers, passwords, personal details, data
etc.)
• To prove a point, to prove it can be done, to
prove ones skill or for revenge purposes
• To cripple a computer or network

22. Viruses & Hacking
• What is a Virus?
– A virus is a program that replicates (copies) itself
and is designed to cause harm to a computer
system. It often causes damage by attaching itself
to files, leading to on or more of the following
effects:
• Causing the computer to crash
• Loss of Files
• Corruption of the data stored on files

23. What is a Virus?
• A computer virus is a computer program that can
replicate itself and spread from one computer to
another.
– The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously
used, to refer to other types of malware, including but
not limited to adware and spyware programs that do
not have a reproductive ability.
– Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to
other computers by infecting files on a network file
system or a file system that is accessed by other
computers.[

24. 90 day global Threat…
http://www.symantec.com/security_response/

25. How do they infect computers?
• Viruses infect computers through email
attachments and through illegal software or
downloading files from the internet that are
infected.
• Ways of protecting systems against Viruses:
– Use up-to-date anti-virus software
– Do not allow illegal software to be loaded onto a
computer and do not use from an unknown source
– Only download software/files from a reputable source
– Use firewalls

26. Hacking!!!!!
• What methods could we use to minimise the
risk of being hacked?
• What is encryption?

27. Encryption…
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QnD2c4X
ovk&feature
• http://infoencrypt.com/

28. encryption
• is the process of transforming information
(referred to as plaintext) using an algorithm
(called a cipher) to make it unreadable to anyone
except those possessing special
knowledge, usually referred to as a key. The result
of the process is encrypted information (in
cryptography, referred to as ciphertext). The
reverse process, i.e., to make the encrypted
information readable again, is referred to as
decryption (i.e., to make it unencrypted).[citation
needed]

29. Effects of ICT on Society
• The impact on employment.
– Their introduction has led to unemployment in
many areas such as:
• Manufacturing
• Computer controlled warehouses
• Labour-intensive work

30. Impact on Employment
• The introduction of ICT has led to
unemployment in many areas such as:
– Manufacturing, where robots have taken over
many tasks (e.g. paint spraying in a car factory)
• Example V
– Computer controlled ware houses, which are
automatic and require no personnel to be present.
– Labour-intensive work (e.g. in the printing
industry, checking football pools, filing, etc.).
http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/tees/hi/people_and_places/newsid_9199000/9199115.stm

31. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3753854.stm

33. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1025689/Welcome-Thanet-
Earth-The-biggest-greenhouse-Britain-unveiled.html

34. Back to the future…

35. Back to the future…

36. Re-skilling the workers

37. Impact of using ICT for online shopping
and banking
• Advantages
– No longer the need to travel into the town centre
– Users now have access to a worldwide market

38. Security Issues
• Other security risks other than viruses and
Hacking
– Phishing
– Pharming
– Spam
– Spyware

39. Phishing
• Phishing is a way of attempting
to acquire information (and
sometimes, indirectly, money)
such as
usernames, passwords, and
credit card details by
masquerading as a trustworthy
entity in an electronic
communication.

40. Pharming
• Pharming[p] is a hacker's attack intended to redirect a
website's traffic to another, bogus site. Pharming can
be conducted either by changing the hosts file on a
victim's computer or by exploitation of a vulnerability
in DNS server software. DNS servers are computers
responsible for resolving Internet names into their real
IP addresses. Compromised DNS servers are sometimes
referred to as "poisoned". Pharming requires
unprotected access to target a computer, such as
altering a customer's home computer, rather than a
corporate business server.

41. Spam
• Spam (its name a portmanteau of
the words "Spiced" and "Ham")[1]
is a canned precooked meat
product made by the Hormel
Foods Corporation, first
introduced in 1937. The labelled
ingredients in the classic variety
of Spam are chopped pork
shoulder meat, with ham meat
added, salt, water, modified
potato starch as a binder, and
sodium nitrite as a preservative.

42. Spyware
• Spyware is a type of malware (malicious
software) installed on computers that
collects information about users without
their knowledge. The presence of
spyware is typically hidden from the
user and can be difficult to detect.
Spyware is often secretly installed on a
user's personal computer without their
knowledge. However, some spyware
such as keyloggers may be installed by
the owner of a shared, corporate, or
public computer on purpose in order to
intentionally monitor users.
– Source: Wikipidia

43. • http://www.symantec.com/podcasts/detail.js
p?podid=b-
may_state_of_spam_phishing_2011

44. What are cookies?
• Cookies are small files sent to a user’s
computer via the web browser when
they visit certain websites. They store
information about the users and this
data is accessed each time they visit
the website.
– They remember who the user is and
send messages such as ‘Welcome Jon’
each time they log on to the website.
– They recognise a user’s buying habits will
appear on the users screen each time
they visit the website.
http://webdesign.about.com/od/cookies/a/aa083198.htm
http://www.w3schools.com/js/tryit.asp?filename=tryjs_cookie_username

45. Internet developments
• Blogs
– Personal internet journalists
• Wikis
– Software allowing users to easily create and edit web pages.
• Digital media sharing websites
– Allow uses to upload video clips and other media
• Social networking sites
– Building on-line communities of users that share the same
interests
• Folksonomies (http://delicious.com/)
– Social bookmarking where a user can tag any webpage with
words that describe it’s contents.

46. Health & Safety
• Health aspects
• Safety aspects

47. Health
• Back & Neck problems/strain
• Repetitive strain injury (RSI) –
damage to fingers and wrists
• Eyestrain (caused by staring at
a computer screen for too
long or bad lighting in the
room)
• Headaches
• Zone irritation

48. Safety
• Electrocution
• Trailing wires
• Heavy equipment
• Fire Risk