Introduction To Computing

2. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (OSS)
What is open source software?
• Open source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect,
modify, and enhance.
"Source code" is the part of software that most computer users don't ever see;
it's the code computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of
software—a "program" or "application"—works. Programmers who have
access to a computer program's source code can improve that program by
adding features to it or fixing parts that don't always work correctly.

3. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (OSS)
• OSS is also a free software.
• OSS can be defined as computer software for which
the human-readable source code is made available
under a copyright license (or arrangement such as
the public domain) that meets the Open Source
Definition.
• This permits users to use, change, and improve the
software, and to redistribute it in modified or
unmodified form.

4. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (OSS)
Some examples of OSS are:
 Linux
 Mozilla Firefox
 VLC media player
 SugarCRM
 GIMP
 VNC
 Apache web server
 LibreOffice
 jQuery.

5. SOFTWARE PIRACY
What is Software Piracy?
 Software piracy is the illegal copying, installation, use,
distribution, or sale of software in any way other than that is
expressed in the license agreement. The software industry is
facing huge financial losses due to the piracy of software. Piracy
of software is performed by end-users as well as by the dealers.

6. SOFTWARE PIRACY
Example:
When you download a copy of Microsoft
Word from a file-sharing website without
paying for it.

7. SOFTWARE PIRACY
• The unauthorized copying of software.
• Refers to ways of obtaining software without the
permission of the software holder
• Some common types of software piracy include:
– Counterfeit software
– OEM unbundling
– Soft lifting
– Hard disk loading
– Internet software piracy

8. SOFTWARE PIRACY
COUNTERFEIT SOFTWARE
• A type of software piracy that occurs when fake
copies of software are produced using a CD burner
to copy the software
• Counterfeit software is usually sold at prices well
below that of the retail price of the legitimate
software

9. SOFTWARE PIRACY
COUNTERFEIT SOFTWARE
Examples:
Microsoft products are the ones most commonly
counterfeited, because of their widespread use. Most
commonly, a copy of a CD is made with a CD-burner, and a
photocopy of the manual is made. Counterfeit software is
sold on street corners, and sometimes unknowingly sold
even in retail stores.

10. SOFTWARE PIRACY
OEM UNBUNDLING
• Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)
unbundling is a type of software piracy that occurs
when OEM-packaged software is separated from
the hardware it originally came bundled with, at the
OEM or retail level of sale.

11. SOFTWARE PIRACY
OEM UNBUNDLING
Often just called "unbundling," this form of piracy means
selling stand-alone software originally meant to be included
with a specific accompanying product.
 An example of this form of piracy is someone providing
drivers to a specific printer without authorization.

12. SOFTWARE PIRACY
SOFTLIFTING
• A type of software piracy that occurs when users
share their software with other users who are not
authorized to have access by the End-User License
Agreement (EULA).
• The most common type of soft lifting occurs when a person
does legitimately purchase software but
installs it onto multiple computers which is a violation of the
licensing agreement.

13. SOFTWARE PIRACY
SOFTLIFTING
The most common type of piracy, softlifting, (also called
softloading), means sharing a program with someone
who is not authorized by the license agreement to use it.

14. SOFTWARE PIRACY
HARD DISK LOADING
• A type of software piracy that occurs when hardware
dealers install an unauthorized copy of commercial
software onto a computer system.
• In many cases consumers will not receive any
manuals or original CD of the software but the
hardware dealer may charge for the illegal software
in the total system purchase price

15. SOFTWARE PIRACY
HARD DISK LOADING
It is a type of commercial software piracy in
which someone buys a legal version of the
software and then reproduces, copies or installs it
onto computer hard disks. The person then sells
the product.

16. SOFTWARE PIRACY
INTERNET SOFTWARE PIRACY
• A type of software piracy that occurs when software,
which is illegally obtained through Internet channels,
usually through peer-to-peer file sharing systems or
downloaded from pirate Web sites that make
software available for download for free or in
exchange for users who uploaded software

17. SOFTWARE PIRACY
INTERNET SOFTWARE PIRACY
Example:
 Making unlawful copies of copyrighted music, games,
software, electronic books, and movies, as well as
streaming that content without authorization, are all
examples of this piracy.

18. SOFTWARE LICENSING
• Is a legal instrument (by way of contract law)
governing the usage or redistribution of software
• Allowing an individual or group to use a piece of
software
• Nearly all applications are licensed
• Some are based on the number machines on which
the licensed program can run whereas others are
based on the number of users that can use the
program

19. TYPES OF SOFTWARE LICENSE
• Registerware
• Shareware
• Freeware
• Open source
• Demoware
• Abandonware

20. REGISTERWARE
• Refers to computer software which requires
the user to give personal information through
registration in order to download or use the
program.

21. SHAREWARE
• Refers to copyrighted commercial software that is
distributed without payment on a trial basis and is
limited by any combination of functionality,
availability, or convenience.
• Shareware is commercial software that is distributed
free to users, eventually either requiring or
encouraging users to pay for the continued support
of the software.

22. FREEWARE
• Computer software that is available for use with no
cost or for an optional fee.
• Freeware is different from shareware, where the
user is obliged to pay.
• Can be distributed free of cost.
 Some examples of freeware software are –
 Adobe PDF.
 yahoo messenger.
 Google Talk.
 MSN messenger.

23. ABANDONWARE
• It refers to software that is no longer available for
purchase or that is at least a certain amount of years
old.
• Abandonware is a product, typically software,
ignored by its owner and manufacturer, and for
which no official support is available. Although such
software is usually still under copyright, the owner
may not be tracking copyright violations.

25. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• System software is computer software designed to
operate the computer hardware to provide basic
functionality and to provide a platform for running
application software.
• Refers to the operating system and all utility
programs that manage computer resources at a low
level.

26. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• The BIOS (basic input/output system) gets the computer
system started after you turn it on and manages the data flow
between the operating system and attached devices such as
the hard disk, video adapter, keyboard, mouse, and printer.
• The boot program loads the operating system into the
computer's main memory or random access memory (RAM).
• System software also includes system utilities, such
as the disk defragmenter and System Restore.

27. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
BASIC
INPUT/OUTPUT
SYSTEM (BIOS)
PROGRAM

28. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
DISK DEFRAGMENTER

29. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
DISK CLEANUP

30. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
DISK PARTITION
TOOL

31. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
• Examples of system software include:
 Operating systems (OS) like macOS
 Linux
 Android
 Microsoft Windows
 computational science software,
 game engines
 search engines
 industrial automation
 and software as a service applications.

32. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
• A program or group of programs designed for end
Users
• Allows end users to accomplish one or more specific
(non-computer related) tasks.

33. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Examples of Computer Application Software
• Word processor
• Spreadsheet
• Presentation Software
• Database Management System
• Desktop Publisher
• Graphic Editor
• Web Browser

34. WORD PROCESSOR
• Word processor is a software program capable of
creating, storing, and printing documents.
• Unlike the standard typewriter, users using word
processors have the ability of creating a document
and making any changes anywhere in the document.
• This document can also be saved for modification at
a later time or to be opened on any other computer
using the same word processor.

35. WORD PROCESSOR
Features:
• Insert text
• Delete text
• Cut and paste
• Copy
• Page size and margins
• Search and replace
• Print

36. WORD PROCESSOR
Examples
• Microsoft Word
• WordPro
• AppleWorks

37. SPREADSHEET
• Spreadsheet is a data file made up of rows and
columns that are used to sort data and allow a user
to manipulate and arrange data easily, commonly
numerical data.
• What makes a spreadsheet software program most
unique is its ability to calculate values using
mathematical formulas and the data in the cells.

38. SPREADSHEET
• Features:
– Formulas
– Functions
– Charts
– Cut/Copy/Paste with single cells or ranges of cells
– Cells formatting
– Cells merging

39. SPREADSHEET
Examples:
• Microsoft Excel
• Lotus 1-2-3
• Apple Numbers
• OpenOffice Calc

40. PRESENTATION SOFTWARE
• A presentation program is a software program that
helps create a slideshow that addresses a topic.
• Presentation programs are often used in businesses
and schools for discussing a topic or for teaching.
• It typically includes three major functions:
– an editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted
– a method for inserting and manipulating graphic images
– a slide-show system to display the content.

41. PRESENTATION SOFTWARE
• Features:
– Insert Slide
– Deletion of Inserted slides
– Allows cut and paste slides in any order.
– Allows duplication content or slide
– Allows you to display the presentation designed in a slide show
system. (View Slide Feature)
– Allows animations and/or sounds manipulations on
objects in the slide.

42. PRESENTATION SOFTWARE
Example:
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Adobe Persuasion
• Hypercard
• OpenOffice Impress
• Scala Multimedia

43. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(DBMS) SOFTWARE
• A program that controls the organization, storage,
management, and retrieval of data in a database.
• Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports.

44. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(DBMS) SOFTWARE
• Example:
– Microsoft Access
– Oracle Database
– MySQL
– FoxPro

45. DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE
• Used to produce high-quality printed documents
such
as magazine, greeting card, posters, etc.
• Allows you to use different typefaces, specify various
margins and justifications, and embed illustrations
and graphs directly into the text.

46. DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE
• Example:
– Adobe Indesign
– QuarkXpress
– MS Publisher

47. WEB BROWSER
• Web browser, a software application used to locate
and display Web pages.
• Example:
– Internet Explore (IE)
– Mozilla Firefox
– Opera

48. GRAPHIC SOFTWARE
• Graphics software or image editing software is a
program or collection of programs that enable a
person to manipulate visual images on a computer.
• Computer graphics can be classified into two distinct
categories:
– raster graphics
– vector graphics

49. Raster Graphic Editor
• A raster graphics editor is a computer program that
allows users to paint and edit pictures interactively on
the computer screen and save them in one of many
popular “bitmap” or “raster” formats
• Common features:
– Select a region for editing
– Draw lines with brushes of different color, size, shape and pressure
– Add typed letters in different font styles
– Apply various filters for effects
– Convert between various image formats

50. Raster Graphic Editor
Examples
• Adobe Photoshop
• Paint Shop Pro
• iPhoto
• GIMP

51. Vector Graphic Editor
• Also known as drawing software.
• A computer program that allows users to compose
and edit vector graphics images interactively on a
computer.
• Vector editors are often better for page layout,
typography, logos, sharp-edged artistic illustrations
(e.g. cartoons, clip art, complex geometric patterns),
technical illustrations, diagramming and flowcharting.

52. Vector Graphic Editor
Examples
• Adobe Illustrator
• Macromedia Freehand
• Xara Xtreme
• Inkscape

54. Difference between System Software and Application Software
Basic
Differences:
Key System Software. Application Software.
Definition System Software is the type of software
which is the interface between application
software and system.
On other handApplication Software is the
type of software which runs as per user
request. It runs on the platform which is
provide by system software.
Development
Language
In generalSystem software are developed
in low level language which is more
compatible with the system hardware in
order to interact with.
While in case ofApplication software high
level language is used for their development
as they are developed as some specific
purpose software.

55. Difference between System Software and Application Software
Basic
Differences:
Key System Software Application Software
Usage System software is used for operating
computer hardware.
On other handApplication software is used
by user to perform specific task.
Installation System software are installed on the
computer when operating system is
installed.
On other handApplication software are
installed according to user’s requirements.
User interaction As mentioned in above points system
software are specific to system hardware
so less or no user interaction available in
case of system software.
On other hand in application software user
can interacts with it as user interface is
available in this case.

56. Difference between System Software and Application Software
Basic
Differences:
Key System Software Application Software
Dependency System software can run independently. It
provides platform for running application
software.
On other hand in application software can’t
run independently.They can’t run without
the presence of system software.
Examples Some examples of system software’s are
compiler, assembler, debugger, driver, etc.
On other hand some examples of
application software’s are word processor,
web browser, media player, etc.

58. "Freeware" generally means the software is available
at no charge.
Freeware is not necessarily in the public domain; the
author may choose to give it away for free but wish to
retain copyright to prevent it from being sold by a
third party.
FREEWARE

59. Typically, freeware programs are small utilities or
incomplete programs that authors release for their
potential benefit to others, but without support.
 Skype, Yahoo Messenger, Adobe Reader, IMGBurn
FREEWARE

60. "Shareware" is software in which the copyright is
retained by the author, who intends to charge some
(usually modest) amount for it, but users are allowed to
try the software to see if it meets their needs before
paying for it.
Shareware software is distributed at low (or
sometimes no) cost, but usually requires payment and
registration for full legal use.
SHAREWARE

61. Copies are distributed on a trial basis.
Order forms or advertisements included in the
program or on the distribution disk usually tell you how
to register the program and what fee is required.
Registered users of a shareware program will typically
receive a printed manual, an updated copy of the
software, often with additional features, and the legal
right to use the program in their home or business.
SHAREWARE

62. Shareware is not free software, since authors of
shareware programs expect payment from those who
intend to use the programs regularly.
Shareware is generally written by individuals or small
companies
While shareware may be freely copied, companies may
not charge fees for copies that significantly exceed
their duplication and handling costs.
SHAREWARE

63. The authors of shareware programs also retain their
copyright on the contents, and you may not modify
such programs or distribute modified copies.
 Winzip, Cuteftp, Getright
SHAREWARE

64. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
FREEWARE AND SHAREWARE.
FREEWARE
• COMPUTER SOFTWARE THAT IS
AVAILABLE FOR USE WITH NO COST
OR FOR AN OPTIONAL FEE.
• FREEWARE IS DIFFERENT FROM
SHAREWARE, WHERE THE USER IS
OBLIGED TO PAY.
SHAREWARE
• REFERS TO COPYRIGHTED
COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE THAT IS
DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT PAYMENT ON
A TRIAL BASIS AND IS LIMITED BY
ANY COMBINATION OF
FUNCTIONALITY, AVAILABILITY, OR
CONVENIENCE.