The document contains a 25 question multiple choice quiz on analog and digital electronics concepts including operational amplifiers, comparators, and different types of memory. Some key points covered are:
- The characteristics of an ideal operational amplifier including infinite input impedance, infinite voltage gain, and zero output resistance.
- Factors that determine bandwidth and distortion in op-amp circuits such as gain, bandwidth product, and slew rate.
- The use of differential amplifiers in op-amp input stages to provide high common mode rejection ratio.
- How comparators and Schmitt triggers can convert irregular waveforms to regular ones using threshold voltages.
- Different types of read only memory including PROM, E
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER using MOSFET, Modes of operation,
The MOS differential pair with a common-mode input voltage ,Common mode rejection,gain, advantages and disadvantages.
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER using MOSFET, Modes of operation,
The MOS differential pair with a common-mode input voltage ,Common mode rejection,gain, advantages and disadvantages.
Negative amplifiers and its types Positive feedback and Negative feedbackimtiazalijoono
Negative amplifiers
What is Feedback?
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Feedback Circuit
Principles of Negative Voltage Feedback In Amplifiers
Gain of Negative Voltage Feedback Amplifier
Advantages of Negative Voltage Feedback
Principles of Negative Current Feedback
Current Gain with Negative Current Feedback
The cascode is a two-stage amplifier that consists of a common-emitter stage feeding into a common-base stage.
This a brief description of how cascode amplifiers function what are the factors that determine the bandwidth of the circuit.
Introduction to feedback (block diagram and types of feedback) , Analysis at middle, low and high frequency of multi-stage amplifier with RC coupling and direct coupling, cascade amplifiers-Darlington Pair.
MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIERS
Definition: An amplifier formed by connecting several amplifiers in cascaded arrangement such that output of one amplifier becomes the input of other whose output becomes input of next and so on .
Each amplifier in this configuration is known as stage.
So several stages are connected to form multistage amplifier.
Working of multistage amplifier: Each amplifier connected perform the process of amplification
They convert their input signal into high amplified output signal.
Hence the output signal after passing through several amplifiers becomes highly amplified.
Each amplifier connected perform the process of amplification
They convert their input signal into high amplified output signal.
Hence the output signal after passing through several amplifiers becomes highly amplified.
Voltage gain: The overall voltage gain of multistage amplifier is product of voltage gain of individual amplifier.
If voltage is expressed in dB overall voltage gain is by the sum of voltage gain in dB of individual amplifier.
If we convert voltage gain into the db voltage gain then we use a relation.
Direct coupled multistage amplifier: A direct coupled amplifier is a type of amplifier in which two amplifier are connected in a such a way that one stage is coupled directly to the other without using any coupling or bypassing capacitor.
In this configuration dc collector voltage of first stage provides base bias to second stage means output of first stage becomes input of second stage.
Disadvantages : A small changes in the dc bias voltages due to temperature effects or power supply variation are amplified by the succeeding stages so an unwanted signal appears at the output.
Applicatons : It is used in TV receivers’ computers ,regulator circuits and other electronic instruments
Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi Launched the ambitious 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' (Clean India Mission) 2nd October 2014. We also conduct every Sunday in JIT Jahangirabad Barabanki.
Unit-III
Electrical Transients: Sources of Transient Over voltages- Atmospheric and switching transients- motor starting transients, pf correction capacitor switching transients, ups switching transients, neutral voltage swing etc; devices for over voltage protection
Negative amplifiers and its types Positive feedback and Negative feedbackimtiazalijoono
Negative amplifiers
What is Feedback?
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Feedback Circuit
Principles of Negative Voltage Feedback In Amplifiers
Gain of Negative Voltage Feedback Amplifier
Advantages of Negative Voltage Feedback
Principles of Negative Current Feedback
Current Gain with Negative Current Feedback
The cascode is a two-stage amplifier that consists of a common-emitter stage feeding into a common-base stage.
This a brief description of how cascode amplifiers function what are the factors that determine the bandwidth of the circuit.
Introduction to feedback (block diagram and types of feedback) , Analysis at middle, low and high frequency of multi-stage amplifier with RC coupling and direct coupling, cascade amplifiers-Darlington Pair.
MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIERS
Definition: An amplifier formed by connecting several amplifiers in cascaded arrangement such that output of one amplifier becomes the input of other whose output becomes input of next and so on .
Each amplifier in this configuration is known as stage.
So several stages are connected to form multistage amplifier.
Working of multistage amplifier: Each amplifier connected perform the process of amplification
They convert their input signal into high amplified output signal.
Hence the output signal after passing through several amplifiers becomes highly amplified.
Each amplifier connected perform the process of amplification
They convert their input signal into high amplified output signal.
Hence the output signal after passing through several amplifiers becomes highly amplified.
Voltage gain: The overall voltage gain of multistage amplifier is product of voltage gain of individual amplifier.
If voltage is expressed in dB overall voltage gain is by the sum of voltage gain in dB of individual amplifier.
If we convert voltage gain into the db voltage gain then we use a relation.
Direct coupled multistage amplifier: A direct coupled amplifier is a type of amplifier in which two amplifier are connected in a such a way that one stage is coupled directly to the other without using any coupling or bypassing capacitor.
In this configuration dc collector voltage of first stage provides base bias to second stage means output of first stage becomes input of second stage.
Disadvantages : A small changes in the dc bias voltages due to temperature effects or power supply variation are amplified by the succeeding stages so an unwanted signal appears at the output.
Applicatons : It is used in TV receivers’ computers ,regulator circuits and other electronic instruments
Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi Launched the ambitious 'Swachh Bharat Abhiyan' (Clean India Mission) 2nd October 2014. We also conduct every Sunday in JIT Jahangirabad Barabanki.
Unit-III
Electrical Transients: Sources of Transient Over voltages- Atmospheric and switching transients- motor starting transients, pf correction capacitor switching transients, ups switching transients, neutral voltage swing etc; devices for over voltage protection
The topic of this presentation is part of unit -II in EMEC-II subject. It covers Synchronous Motor. Principle, Starting methods, Equilibrium, Hunting, Damping,Effect of field change, power factor correction , V-curves, Applications
Unit-IV
Harmonics: Causes of harmonics; current and voltage harmonics: measurement of harmonics; effects of harmonics on – Transformers, AC Motors, Capacitor Banks, Cables, and Protection
Devices, Energy Metering, Communication Lines etc. harmonic mitigation techniques
Unit-II
Voltage Sag: Sources of voltage sag: motor starting, arc furnace, fault clearing etc; estimating voltage sag performance and principle of its protection; solutions at end user level- Isolation Transformer, Voltage Regulator, Static UPS, Rotary UPS, Active Series Compensator
Protection of Transformer
Generator and motor.
Circuit Breaker: Operating modes
Selection of circuit breakers
Constructional features and operation of Bulk Oil,
Minimum Oil,
Air Blast,
SF6,
Vacuum and d. c. circuit breakers.
Unit-V
Measurement and Solving of Power Quality Problems: Power quality measurement devices- Harmonic Analyzer , Transient Disturbance Analyzer, wiring and grounding tester, Flicker Meter, Oscilloscope, multi-meter etc. Introduction to Custom Power Devices-Network Reconfiguration devices; Load compensation and voltage regulation using DSTATCOM; protecting sensitive loads using DVR; Unified power Quality Conditioner. (UPQC)
Circuit Breaking:
Properties of arc
Arc extinction theories
Re-striking voltage transient
Current chopping
Resistance switching
Capacitive current interruption
Short line interruption
Circuit breaker ratings.
Testing Of Circuit Breaker: Classification
Testing station and equipment's
Testing procedure
Direct and indirect testing
Amplitude and phase comparators
Over current relays
Directional relays
Distance relays
Differential relay.
Static Relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relay
Classification and their description
Over current relays
Directional relay
Distance relays
Differential relay
Unit I: Introduction to Protection System:
Introduction to protection system and its elements, functions of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology.
Relays:
Electromagnetic, attracted and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay, design considerations of electromagnetic relay.
Unit-II: Relay Application and Characteristics:
Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relay.
Static Relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relay, classification and their description, over current relays, directional relay, distance relays, differential relay.
Unit-III Protection of Transmission Line:
Over current protection, distance protection, pilot wire protection, carrier current protection, protection of bus, auto re-closing,
Unit-IV: Circuit Breaking:
Properties of arc, arc extinction theories, re-striking voltage transient, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitive current interruption, short line interruption, circuit breaker ratings.
Testing Of Circuit Breaker: Classification, testing station and equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing.
Unit-V Apparatus Protection:
Protection of Transformer, generator and motor.
Circuit Breaker: Operating modes, selection of circuit breakers, constructional features and operation of Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, Air Blast, SF6, Vacuum and d. c. circuit breakers.
Exam 086044RR - Modulation and Detection CircuitsWhen you.docxSANSKAR20
Exam: 086044RR - Modulation and Detection Circuits
When you have completed your exam and reviewed your answers, click Submit Exam. Answers will not be recorded until you
hit Submit Exam. If you need to exit before completing the exam, click Cancel Exam.
Questions 1 to 25: Select the best answer to each question. Note that a question and its answers may be split across a page
break, so be sure that you have seen the entire question and all the answers before choosing an answer.
R
MAA/V—
f =600 kHz
C -0.000352
L =200 £iH
R=101A
1. Look at the circuit shown in the figure above. The frequency of the power supply is 600 kHz, the
capacitance of C is 0.000352 jiF the inductance of L is 200 |aH, and the resistance of R is 10 Q. What
would be the calculated effective resistance (RJ of this circuit?
A. 56,818 fi
B. 52,119 Q
C. 10,461 n
D. 43,167 n
2. An unmodulated carrier has an amplitude of 5 V. When modulated, the maximum amplitude is 10 V.
What is the modulation percentage?
A. 50 percent
B. 120 percent
C. 30 percent
D. 100 percent
3. In a standard AM transmission with 100 percent modulation,
A. the sideband amplitude is 70.7 percent of the carrier amplitude.
B. the sideband amplitude is one-eighth of the carrier amplitude.
C. the sideband amplitude is one-fourth of the carrier amplitude.
D. the sideband amplitude is 50 percent of the carrier amplitude.
^A/Wsr-
f =600 kHz
C =0,000352 fiF
L=20QmH
R=ioy?
4. For the circuit shown in the figure above, what would be the calculated value of the inductive reactance
(Xj)? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)
A. 942 D.
B. 1,057 a
C. 754 a
D. 598 a
5. A 1.5 MHz carrier frequency is amplitude-modulated by a 200 kHz sinewave audio signal. The
bandwidth would be
A. 4,000 kHz.
B. 400 kHz.
C. 405 kHz.
D. 40 kHz.
6 . modulation is particularly adaptable to computer systems, data transmission, and space
communications.
A. Pulse-amplistude
B. Pulse-position
C. Phase
D. Pulse
7. Some methods of pulse modulation provide for transmission of a number of channels on a single carrier.
That is accomplished by dividing the transmission time among the several channels, which is called
A. damping.
B. multiplexing.
C. frequency-shift keying.
D. duplexing.
8. A 1,200 kHz RF carrier is amplitude-modulated by a 500 Hz sinewave audio signal. The upper sideband
frequency would be
A. 1,195 kHz.
B. 1,205 kHz.
C. 120.5 kHz.
D. 1,200.5 kHz.
9. In a Foster-Seeley phase shift discriminator, certain voltage conditions depend on whether the input
signal is at, above, or below resonance. Look at the vector diagram shown in the figure above. Which of
the following statements correctly describes the circuit represented by this vector diagram?
A. The input signal in this circuit is at resonance, and the discriminator's secondary voltages cancel each other.
B. The input signal is above resonance, and no output signal will be produced.
C. The output signal produced will be directly ...
Understand the “magic” of negative feedback and the characteristics of ideal op amps.
Understand the conditions for non-ideal op amp behavior so they can be avoided in circuit design.
Demonstrate circuit analysis techniques for ideal op amps.
Characterize inverting, non-inverting, summing and instrumentation amplifiers, voltage follower and first order filters.
Learn the factors involved in circuit design using op amps.
Find the gain characteristics of cascaded amplifiers.
Special Applications: The inverted ladder DAC and successive approximation ADC
Exam 387017RR - Resonant CircuitsWhen you have completed .docxSANSKAR20
Exam: 387017RR - Resonant Circuits
When you have completed your exam and reviewed your answers, click Submit Exam. Answers will not be recorded until you
hit Submit Exam. If you need to exit before completing the exam, click Cancel Exam.
Questions 1 to 20: Select the best answer to each question. Note that a question and its answers may be split across a page
break, so be sure that you have seen the entire question and all the answers before choosing an answer.
1. In the circuit shown, if the value of the reactive component was increased, how would it change the
waveforms?
A. The phase shift between the current and the voltage would increase.
B. The phase shift between the current and the voltage would reverse.
C. The phase shift between the current and the voltage would decrease.
D. The phase shift between the current and the voltage would remain the same.
2. Look at the phasor diagram and the circuit shown. The diagram shows the impedances for the
components in the circuit. What is the total impedance of the circuit?
Voltage
R = 300n
(A) (B)
A. 85 a
B. 500 £2
C.100O
D. 50 a
A-
100V
B
100V^
100V
D
3. In the circuit above, if you placed meter leads between points A and D, what voltage would you
measure?
A.300 V
B. 100 V
C.0V
0. 141 V
4. A parallel-tuned circuit is found to have insufficient bandwidth. You can increase the bandwidth of the
circuit by
A. increasing circuit resistance.
B. using the conjugate impedance.
C. adding resistance in parallel.
D. increasing the £"2.
5. Look at this graph of current and voltage phase relationships. The circuit that produces the illustrated
current and voltage phase relationships would be
A. inductive with some resistance.
B. purely inductive.
C. purely capacitive.
D. capacitive with some resistance.
B. 1.5.
C. 30.3.
D. 45.5.
Circuits Circuit 4
7. Look at the four circuit diagrams shown. Technician A says that Circuit 3 is a low-pass circuit, and that
Circuit 4 is a high-pass circuit. Technician B says that Circuit 1 is a band-pass circuit, and that Circuit 2 is a
band-reject circuit. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Both technicians are correct.
B. Only Technician A is correct.
C. Only Technician B is correct.
D. Neither of the two technicians is correct.
Curve 1 Curve 2
8. Two electronics technicians are looking at the characteristic curves shown. Technician A say that Curve
1 is the curve for a low-pass circuit, and that Curve 2 is the curve for a high-pass circuit. Technician B says
that Curve 3 is the curve for a band-pass circuit, and that Curve 4 is the curve for a band-reject circuit.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Both technicians are correct.
B. Only Technician B is correct.
C. Neither of the two technicians is correct.
D. Only Technician A is correct.
A
100V
B
100V
c
100V
D—
Voltage
Voltage
Voltage
Current
Current
Waveform 3 Waveform 4
9. In the circuit shown, the generator Irequency is raised ...
Design of Two CMOS Differential Amplifiersbastrikov
High performance, 0.6u process CMOS differential amplifiers were designed in Cadence. Design specifications included differential gain, 3-db bandwidth, output swing, input common mode range, phase margin, total static power consumption, slew rate, and common mode rejection ratio.
"The Chandrayaan-3 PPT provides a comprehensive overview of India's upcoming lunar mission, highlighting its objectives, advancements in technology, and its significance in furthering our understanding of the Moon's geology and potential for future human exploration."
In this presentation, all kind of computer Memories are explained.
These PPTs are better presentable in Slide Show, that's not possible here, the Explanatory Videos are available at
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaVNvNzkb01ZMT1GDeITM9w
These slides contain the basic of sequential logic, and includes a detailed and animated description of Flip-Flop and latches, it includes shift registers and counters also. It covers the fourth unit of Digital Logic Design
Unit-1 Digital Design and Binary Numbers:Asif Iqbal
these slides contains general discerption about digital signals, binary numbers, digital numbers, and basic logic gates. it covers the first unit of AKTU syllabus.
this unit basically contain detailed and animated description of LED, Varactor diode, Photo diode, Schottky diode, Tunnel diode, their characteristics and applications.
the concept of Transistors as a switch is also discussed in the last
digital to analog (DAC) & analog to digital converter (ADC) Asif Iqbal
these slides contain a detailed description of DAC & ADC. with the help of PowerPoint animations i have tried to explain the operation and performance of the circuits in detail.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. NEC-409: ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
MCQ for unit 5
1. An ideal OPAMP is an ideal
a. Current controlled Current source
b. Current controlled Voltage source
c. Voltage controlled Voltage source
d. Voltage controlled Current source
2. A 741Type OPAMP
has a gain bandwidth product of 1MHz. A noninverting amplifier using this opamp & having a voltage
gain of 20db will exhibit3db bandwidth of
a. 50KHz
b. 100KHz
c. 1000/17KHz
d. 1000/7.07KHz
3. An amplifier using an opamp with slew rate SR = 1v/sec has a gain of 40db. If this amplifier has to
faithfully amplify sinusoidal signals from dc to 20KHz without introducing any slewrate
induced distortion, then the input signal level exceed
a. 795mV
b. 395mV
c. 795mV
d. 39.5mV
4. The ideal OPAMP has the following characteristics
a. Ri = ∞ A = ∞ R0 = 0
b. Ri = 0, A = ∞ R0 = 0
c. Ri = ∞ A = ∞ R0 = ∞
d. Ri = 0, A = ∞ R0 = ∞
5. The approximate input impedance of the opamp circuit which has Ri = 10k, Rf = 100k, RL = 10k
a. ∞
b. 120k
c. 110k
d. 10k
6. An opamp has a slew rate of 5V/S. The largest sine wave o/p voltage possible at a frequency of 1MHz
is
a. 10 V
b. 5 V
c. 5V
d. 5/2 V
7. Assume that the opamp of the fig. Is ideal. If Vi is a triangular wave, then V0 will be
a. square wave
b. Triangular wave
2. c. Parabolic wave
d. Sine wave
8. A differential amplifier is invariably used in the i/p stage of all opamps. This is done basically to
provide the opamps with a very high
a. CMMR
b. bandwidth
c. slew rate
d. openloop gain
9. A differential amplifier has a differential gain of 20, 000. CMMR = 80dB. The common mode gain is
given by
a. 2
b. 1
c. ½
d. 0
10. In the differential voltage gain & the common mode voltage gain of a differential amplifier are 48db
& 2db respectively, then its common mode rejection ratio is
a. 23dB
b. 25dB
c. 46dB
d. 50dB
11. Which circuit converts irregularly shaped waveform to regular shaped waveforms?
a) Schmitt trigger
b) Voltage limiter
c) Comparator
d) None of the mentioned
12. Determine the upper and lower threshold voltage
a) V = +14.63v, V = +14.63v
b) V = 14.63v,V = 14.63v
c) V = V = ±14.63v
d) None of the mentioned
13. What happens if the threshold voltages are made longer than the noise voltages in schmitt trigger?
a) All the mentioned
b) Enhance the output signal
c) Reduce the transition effect
d) Eliminate false output transition
3. 14. To a schmitt trigger in noninverting configuration an input triangular wave of 1V is applied. What
will be the output waveform, if the upper and lower threshold voltages are 0.25v?
a) Square waveform
b) Pulse waveform
c) Sawtooth waveform
d) Cannot be determined.
15. In which configuration a dead band condition occurs in schmitt trigger
a) Differential amplifier with positive feedback
b) Voltage follower with positive feedback
c) Comparator with positive feedback
d) None of the mentioned
16. Calculate the hysteresis voltage for the schmitt trigger from the given specification:
R =56kΩ , R = 100Ω ,V = 0v & V = ±14v.
a) 0 mv
b) 25 mv
c) 50 mv
d) 25mv
17. How to limit the output voltage swing only to positive direction?
a) Combination of two zener diodes
b) Combination of zener and rectifier diode
c) All of the mentioned
d) Combination of two rectifier diodes
18. For the circuit shown below, obtain output waveform. Assume zener voltage to be 4.78v and voltage
drop across the forward biased zener to be 0.7v.
4. 19. A basic opamp circuit has a zener and rectifier diode connected in the feedback path. Calculate the
maximum positive voltage. Where, zener voltage = 5.1 v and voltage drop across the forward biased
zener = 0.7v?
a) V = 5.8v
b) V = 9.9v
c) V = 4.7v
d) V = 7.1v
20. Use the specification and obtain the output voltage swing for opamp comparator.
Specification: R= 1kΩ; R =10kΩ; V =6v; V =±15v (Assume forward bias of zener = 0.7v).
5. 21. Type of memory which is used to read data but not to write on it is classified as
A. random only memory.
B. read access memory.
C. read only memory.
D. random access memory.
22. Specific type of memory that can be erased anytime is classified as
A. BROM.
B. DROM.
C. EPROM.
D. EROM.
23 An access store from which data can be read and can be written on it, this storage is classified as
A. read only memory.
B. random access memory.
C. random only memory.
D. read access memory.
24. All new programs that are written on erasable programmable read only memory are classified as
A. EPROM programmer.
B. EROM programmer.
C. PROM programmer.
D. DROM programmer.
25. Type of ROM which is manufactured without any initial storage in it is called
A. PROM.
B. EROM.
C. BROM.
D. DROM.