This document discusses various advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, where a semisolid abrasive media acts as a deformable grading wheel to remove small amounts of material. It also covers chemo-mechanical polishing, which uses chemical reactions to soften materials for mechanical polishing. Magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing are also introduced, along with their working principles and applications in finishing complex parts.
UCM - Unit 4 advanced nano finishing processeskarthi keyan
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic processes use magnetic fields to control abrasives.
This document discusses several advanced nano finishing processes including abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. It provides details on the working principles, process parameters, advantages, limitations and applications of abrasive flow machining and chemo mechanical polishing. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching with mechanical polishing to smooth and planarize surfaces.
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic abrasive finishing uses magnetic particles to form an abrasive brush for finishing. Magneto rheological finishing takes advantage of smart fluids that change viscosity in magnetic fields for precision mach
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic processes utilize magnetic fields to control abrasives.
UNIT 4 -Advanced Nano finishing Processes.pptxRaja P
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic processes use magnetic fields to control abrasives.
This document provides information on various advanced nano finishing processes including abrasive flow machining (AFM), chemo-mechanical polishing (CMP), magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF), magneto-rheological finishing (MRF), and magneto-rheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF). It describes the principles, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications of each process. AFM uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. CMP combines chemical etching and mechanical polishing, while MAF uses magnetic particles to form an abrasive brush. MRF utilizes a magneto-rheological fluid that becomes a solid under magnetic fields for finishing.
UNIT 4 ADVANCED NANO FINISHING PROCESSES.pptxDineshKumar4165
Abrasive flow machining, chemo-mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing their working principles, equipments, effect of process parameters, applications, advantages and limitations
The document discusses several advanced nano finishing processes, focusing on abrasive flow machining (AFM). It provides an overview of AFM, explaining the working principles, equipment, process parameters, applications, advantages, and limitations. Specifically, it describes the one-way, two-way, and orbital AFM processes. It discusses the material removal mechanisms in AFM and how surface finish is improved. The document also briefly introduces magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) and magneto rheological abrasive finishing, defining their basic concepts and differences from AFM.
UCM - Unit 4 advanced nano finishing processeskarthi keyan
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic processes use magnetic fields to control abrasives.
This document discusses several advanced nano finishing processes including abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. It provides details on the working principles, process parameters, advantages, limitations and applications of abrasive flow machining and chemo mechanical polishing. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching with mechanical polishing to smooth and planarize surfaces.
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic abrasive finishing uses magnetic particles to form an abrasive brush for finishing. Magneto rheological finishing takes advantage of smart fluids that change viscosity in magnetic fields for precision mach
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic processes utilize magnetic fields to control abrasives.
UNIT 4 -Advanced Nano finishing Processes.pptxRaja P
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic processes use magnetic fields to control abrasives.
This document provides information on various advanced nano finishing processes including abrasive flow machining (AFM), chemo-mechanical polishing (CMP), magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF), magneto-rheological finishing (MRF), and magneto-rheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF). It describes the principles, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications of each process. AFM uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. CMP combines chemical etching and mechanical polishing, while MAF uses magnetic particles to form an abrasive brush. MRF utilizes a magneto-rheological fluid that becomes a solid under magnetic fields for finishing.
UNIT 4 ADVANCED NANO FINISHING PROCESSES.pptxDineshKumar4165
Abrasive flow machining, chemo-mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing their working principles, equipments, effect of process parameters, applications, advantages and limitations
The document discusses several advanced nano finishing processes, focusing on abrasive flow machining (AFM). It provides an overview of AFM, explaining the working principles, equipment, process parameters, applications, advantages, and limitations. Specifically, it describes the one-way, two-way, and orbital AFM processes. It discusses the material removal mechanisms in AFM and how surface finish is improved. The document also briefly introduces magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) and magneto rheological abrasive finishing, defining their basic concepts and differences from AFM.
RECENT TRENDS IN NON-TRADITIONAL MACHINING PROCESSESravikumarmrk
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes. It describes electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) which is a hybrid process that combines ECM and EDM, allowing it to machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. The document outlines the principle, material removal mechanisms, and process parameters of ECSM. It also summarizes electric discharge diamond grinding (EDDG) and discusses its basic configuration, parameters, advantages, and applications. Finally, the document provides an overview of recent trends in micro-machining including various advanced mechanical and thermal micro-machining processes.
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes including electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) and electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG). It provides details on the working principles, key components, process parameters, advantages and disadvantages of these processes. Specifically, it explains that ECSM is a hybrid of electrochemical machining and electric discharge machining that can machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. It also outlines the basic configuration, factors affecting parameters, and applications of EDDG for precision grinding.
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes. It describes electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) which combines electrochemical machining and electric discharge machining to machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. Electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG) uses sparks to grind materials with diamond abrasives. Electron beam micromachining uses a focused stream of electrons to melt and vaporize material for microfabrication.
UCM - Unit 5 recent trends in non-traditional machining processeskarthi keyan
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes including electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) and electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG). ECSM uses sparks generated between a cathode tool and workpiece in an electrolyte solution to remove material. Key parameters for ECSM include supply voltage, tool diameter, electrolyte composition, and gap distance. EDDG uses sparks to soften and abrade workpiece surfaces with diamond abrasives. Factors like wheel speed, current, and pulse time affect the EDDG process. Thermal processes like electric discharge micromachining (EDMM) and electron beam micromachining precisely shape conductive materials by localized melting/vaporization using electric
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes including electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) and electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG). It provides details on:
1) The principles and components of ECSM, which uses sparks to machine conductive and non-conductive materials.
2) The principles, configuration, parameters and advantages/disadvantages of EDDG, which uses sparks and diamond abrasives to precision grind materials.
3) Various advanced micro-machining processes like abrasive jet, waterjet, and ultrasonic machining and how they operate at the micro scale.
UNIT 5 -Recent Trends in Non-Traditional Machining Processes.pptxRaja P
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes such as electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) and electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG). It provides details on the working principles, advantages and limitations of these processes. Specifically, it describes how ECSM works by combining electrochemical machining and electric discharge machining to machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. It also explains that EDDG uses sparks to grind materials with diamond abrasives, achieving higher accuracy than EDM. The document outlines the key parameters and applications of these hybrid machining techniques.
Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) is a finishing process that uses a viscoelastic abrasive medium to deburr, radius, and polish complex internal passages and surfaces. The AFM process involves extruding the abrasive medium back and forth through restrictive passages formed by the workpiece and tooling to abrade surfaces. There are three main types of AFM: one-way flow which pushes the medium in one direction; two-way flow which extrudes the medium back and forth; and orbital AFM which oscillates the workpiece against an elastic abrasive tool. AFM can precisely finish intricate geometries with surface roughness as low as 0.05 μm and is widely used in automotive, aer
This document discusses recent trends in non-traditional machining processes. It describes hybrid processes that combine advantages of two non-traditional processes to improve performance. Electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) is discussed as a hybrid of electrochemical and electric discharge machining that can machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. Electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG) and ultrasonic micromachining are also summarized, outlining their working principles, key parameters, advantages, and applications in precision machining. The document provides an overview of recent developments in hybrid and other non-traditional machining techniques.
This document discusses two abrasive finishing processes: abrasive flow machining (AFM) and magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). AFM involves extruding an abrasive-laden putty between a workpiece and tooling to remove material, allowing for burr removal, radiusing, and polishing of complex shapes. MAF uses magnetic iron particles coated with abrasive grains to polish rod and flat surfaces. Both processes allow for close tolerances, intricate surface features, and machining of hard materials with minimal material removal due to thin chip formation.
This document discusses advanced finishing processes including abrasive flow machining (AFM), magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF), and magnetorheological abrasive finishing. It focuses on describing the AFM and MAF processes. For AFM, it covers the process mechanisms, equipment types, process parameters and monitoring, applications in industries like aerospace and automotive, advantages, and limitations. For MAF, it describes the process principles, magnetic abrasive mixes, types of MAF, experimental setup and results, advantages in producing nanoscale finishes with few defects, and applications in non-ferromagnetic materials and precision components.
This presentation contain discription about Fine finishing process of complex shape material which cannot be finished by normal processess. three type of finishing process has been described they are Abrasive flow machining, MAgnetic Abrasive Finishing, Magneto Rheological abrasive finishing.
The document discusses two advanced fine finishing processes: abrasive flow machining (AFM) and magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). It provides details on the process, principles, equipment, parameters, applications and advantages of AFM, which can achieve surface finishes down to 50 nm. AFM is widely used in aerospace, automotive and medical industries to improve surfaces. The document also introduces magnetic abrasive finishing, which uses magnetic fields to control abrasive particles and achieve high-precision finishing of complex internal surfaces down to the nanometer range.
Abrasive jet machining involves removing material from a workpiece using a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles carried by a gas. The process works by directing the abrasive particle jet through a nozzle at the workpiece surface. Material is removed through the erosive action of the abrasive particles striking the workpiece surface. Abrasive jet machining can cut hard and brittle materials and produces a high surface finish. It has advantages of low power consumption and capital cost but limitations include low material removal rates and high nozzle wear.
Abrasive flow machining is a finishing process that uses a semi-solid abrasive putty to remove small amounts of material from workpieces. The putty is forced through or across the workpiece using hydraulic pressure to deburr, radius, polish and perform other surface finishing operations. It is well suited for finishing metals, ceramics and plastics in a uniform and economical manner, though it is not used for heavy material removal due to its low material removal rate. The process involves selecting abrasive media based on the material and desired finish, and using tooling and pressure to direct the flow of media through restrictions in the workpiece.
The document discusses abrasive jet machining, which uses a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles carried by compressed air or gas to erode material through micro-cutting and brittle fracture. It describes the process, components, process parameters like abrasives, carrier gas, and nozzle used. Applications include cutting brittle materials like glass, ceramics, and silicon. Key advantages are cool cutting of heat-sensitive materials and high surface finish quality.
This presentation discusses various surface finishing processes. It provides details on honing, lapping, and super finishing. Honing uses an abrasive stone to improve the geometric form and surface texture of metal workpieces. Lapping rubs two surfaces together with an abrasive to achieve high precision and smooth finishes. Super finishing removes undesirable metal fragments to leave a smooth crystalline base. Each process is used to produce precise surfaces and dimensions for parts.
It's a presentation prepared by me on Chemical milling a type of non traditional machining process to help the students to know the key concept about it.
Non Traditional Machining is playing vital role in now a days in mechanical Industries so student it should be need sound knowledge in this particular subject due to impact of this subject i am prepare in this materials it is most useful for my students...
All The Best ...
By: Author-Prof.S.Sathishkumar
The document discusses various recent trends in engines, including homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines, lean-burn engines, stratified charge engines, surface ignition engines, electronic engine management systems, common rail direct injection diesel engines, gasoline direct injection engines, and hybrid electric vehicles. It provides details on the working principles and advantages of each type.
The document discusses various alternative fuels to gasoline and diesel, including alcohols (methanol and ethanol), vegetable oils, biodiesel, natural gas (compressed and liquefied) and liquefied petroleum gas. It describes the need for alternative fuels due to depletion of conventional fuels and to reduce pollution and global warming. The production processes of various fuels are explained along with their properties, advantages, and disadvantages when used in spark ignition or compression ignition engines. Modifications required in engines to use alternative fuels are also mentioned.
RECENT TRENDS IN NON-TRADITIONAL MACHINING PROCESSESravikumarmrk
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes. It describes electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) which is a hybrid process that combines ECM and EDM, allowing it to machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. The document outlines the principle, material removal mechanisms, and process parameters of ECSM. It also summarizes electric discharge diamond grinding (EDDG) and discusses its basic configuration, parameters, advantages, and applications. Finally, the document provides an overview of recent trends in micro-machining including various advanced mechanical and thermal micro-machining processes.
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes including electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) and electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG). It provides details on the working principles, key components, process parameters, advantages and disadvantages of these processes. Specifically, it explains that ECSM is a hybrid of electrochemical machining and electric discharge machining that can machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. It also outlines the basic configuration, factors affecting parameters, and applications of EDDG for precision grinding.
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes. It describes electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) which combines electrochemical machining and electric discharge machining to machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. Electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG) uses sparks to grind materials with diamond abrasives. Electron beam micromachining uses a focused stream of electrons to melt and vaporize material for microfabrication.
UCM - Unit 5 recent trends in non-traditional machining processeskarthi keyan
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes including electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) and electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG). ECSM uses sparks generated between a cathode tool and workpiece in an electrolyte solution to remove material. Key parameters for ECSM include supply voltage, tool diameter, electrolyte composition, and gap distance. EDDG uses sparks to soften and abrade workpiece surfaces with diamond abrasives. Factors like wheel speed, current, and pulse time affect the EDDG process. Thermal processes like electric discharge micromachining (EDMM) and electron beam micromachining precisely shape conductive materials by localized melting/vaporization using electric
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes including electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) and electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG). It provides details on:
1) The principles and components of ECSM, which uses sparks to machine conductive and non-conductive materials.
2) The principles, configuration, parameters and advantages/disadvantages of EDDG, which uses sparks and diamond abrasives to precision grind materials.
3) Various advanced micro-machining processes like abrasive jet, waterjet, and ultrasonic machining and how they operate at the micro scale.
UNIT 5 -Recent Trends in Non-Traditional Machining Processes.pptxRaja P
This document discusses various hybrid and non-traditional machining processes such as electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) and electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG). It provides details on the working principles, advantages and limitations of these processes. Specifically, it describes how ECSM works by combining electrochemical machining and electric discharge machining to machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. It also explains that EDDG uses sparks to grind materials with diamond abrasives, achieving higher accuracy than EDM. The document outlines the key parameters and applications of these hybrid machining techniques.
Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) is a finishing process that uses a viscoelastic abrasive medium to deburr, radius, and polish complex internal passages and surfaces. The AFM process involves extruding the abrasive medium back and forth through restrictive passages formed by the workpiece and tooling to abrade surfaces. There are three main types of AFM: one-way flow which pushes the medium in one direction; two-way flow which extrudes the medium back and forth; and orbital AFM which oscillates the workpiece against an elastic abrasive tool. AFM can precisely finish intricate geometries with surface roughness as low as 0.05 μm and is widely used in automotive, aer
This document discusses recent trends in non-traditional machining processes. It describes hybrid processes that combine advantages of two non-traditional processes to improve performance. Electrochemical spark machining (ECSM) is discussed as a hybrid of electrochemical and electric discharge machining that can machine both conductive and non-conductive materials. Electrical discharge diamond grinding (EDDG) and ultrasonic micromachining are also summarized, outlining their working principles, key parameters, advantages, and applications in precision machining. The document provides an overview of recent developments in hybrid and other non-traditional machining techniques.
This document discusses two abrasive finishing processes: abrasive flow machining (AFM) and magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). AFM involves extruding an abrasive-laden putty between a workpiece and tooling to remove material, allowing for burr removal, radiusing, and polishing of complex shapes. MAF uses magnetic iron particles coated with abrasive grains to polish rod and flat surfaces. Both processes allow for close tolerances, intricate surface features, and machining of hard materials with minimal material removal due to thin chip formation.
This document discusses advanced finishing processes including abrasive flow machining (AFM), magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF), and magnetorheological abrasive finishing. It focuses on describing the AFM and MAF processes. For AFM, it covers the process mechanisms, equipment types, process parameters and monitoring, applications in industries like aerospace and automotive, advantages, and limitations. For MAF, it describes the process principles, magnetic abrasive mixes, types of MAF, experimental setup and results, advantages in producing nanoscale finishes with few defects, and applications in non-ferromagnetic materials and precision components.
This presentation contain discription about Fine finishing process of complex shape material which cannot be finished by normal processess. three type of finishing process has been described they are Abrasive flow machining, MAgnetic Abrasive Finishing, Magneto Rheological abrasive finishing.
The document discusses two advanced fine finishing processes: abrasive flow machining (AFM) and magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). It provides details on the process, principles, equipment, parameters, applications and advantages of AFM, which can achieve surface finishes down to 50 nm. AFM is widely used in aerospace, automotive and medical industries to improve surfaces. The document also introduces magnetic abrasive finishing, which uses magnetic fields to control abrasive particles and achieve high-precision finishing of complex internal surfaces down to the nanometer range.
Abrasive jet machining involves removing material from a workpiece using a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles carried by a gas. The process works by directing the abrasive particle jet through a nozzle at the workpiece surface. Material is removed through the erosive action of the abrasive particles striking the workpiece surface. Abrasive jet machining can cut hard and brittle materials and produces a high surface finish. It has advantages of low power consumption and capital cost but limitations include low material removal rates and high nozzle wear.
Abrasive flow machining is a finishing process that uses a semi-solid abrasive putty to remove small amounts of material from workpieces. The putty is forced through or across the workpiece using hydraulic pressure to deburr, radius, polish and perform other surface finishing operations. It is well suited for finishing metals, ceramics and plastics in a uniform and economical manner, though it is not used for heavy material removal due to its low material removal rate. The process involves selecting abrasive media based on the material and desired finish, and using tooling and pressure to direct the flow of media through restrictions in the workpiece.
The document discusses abrasive jet machining, which uses a high-velocity stream of abrasive particles carried by compressed air or gas to erode material through micro-cutting and brittle fracture. It describes the process, components, process parameters like abrasives, carrier gas, and nozzle used. Applications include cutting brittle materials like glass, ceramics, and silicon. Key advantages are cool cutting of heat-sensitive materials and high surface finish quality.
This presentation discusses various surface finishing processes. It provides details on honing, lapping, and super finishing. Honing uses an abrasive stone to improve the geometric form and surface texture of metal workpieces. Lapping rubs two surfaces together with an abrasive to achieve high precision and smooth finishes. Super finishing removes undesirable metal fragments to leave a smooth crystalline base. Each process is used to produce precise surfaces and dimensions for parts.
It's a presentation prepared by me on Chemical milling a type of non traditional machining process to help the students to know the key concept about it.
Non Traditional Machining is playing vital role in now a days in mechanical Industries so student it should be need sound knowledge in this particular subject due to impact of this subject i am prepare in this materials it is most useful for my students...
All The Best ...
By: Author-Prof.S.Sathishkumar
The document discusses various recent trends in engines, including homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines, lean-burn engines, stratified charge engines, surface ignition engines, electronic engine management systems, common rail direct injection diesel engines, gasoline direct injection engines, and hybrid electric vehicles. It provides details on the working principles and advantages of each type.
The document discusses various alternative fuels to gasoline and diesel, including alcohols (methanol and ethanol), vegetable oils, biodiesel, natural gas (compressed and liquefied) and liquefied petroleum gas. It describes the need for alternative fuels due to depletion of conventional fuels and to reduce pollution and global warming. The production processes of various fuels are explained along with their properties, advantages, and disadvantages when used in spark ignition or compression ignition engines. Modifications required in engines to use alternative fuels are also mentioned.
The document discusses emission formation and control. It describes the mechanisms of formation of NOx, HC, CO, and particulate emissions from engines. Methods of controlling emissions discussed include three-way catalytic converters, particulate traps, and EGR. Measurement equipment for emissions include chemiluminescence detectors for NOx and FID for HC. Smoke and particulate are measured using light extinction and filtering methods. International and national emission standards like Euro norms and Bharat Stage norms in India are also overviewed.
This document discusses combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines. It describes how in a CI engine, only air is compressed, raising its temperature and pressure. Fuel is then injected and combusts due to the high temperature and pressure. Combustion occurs in four stages: ignition delay period, rapid combustion, controlled combustion, and afterburning. Factors like injection timing and fuel quality can affect the ignition delay period. The document also discusses different types of combustion chambers and spray formation in CI engines.
This document outlines the topics covered in 5 units of a course on advanced internal combustion engines. Unit I covers spark ignition engines, including air-fuel ratio requirements, stages of combustion, factors affecting knock, and fuel injection systems. Unit II discusses compression ignition engines and combustion analysis. Unit III addresses emission formation and control. Unit IV covers alternate fuels for engines. Unit V presents recent trends, including new engine types and technologies.
This document provides information on chemical and electro-chemical machining processes. It discusses chemical machining which removes metal through controlled etching using a chemical solution. Electro-chemical machining (ECM) removes metal through anodic dissolution when a workpiece is made the anode in an electrolytic cell. Electro-chemical grinding (ECG) and honing (ECH) combine electrochemical effects with conventional grinding/honing, removing mostly by chemical action and some by mechanical action. Process parameters like current density, electrolyte composition and feed rate affect the material removal rate and surface finish. ECM, ECG and ECH allow burr-free machining of difficult-to-cut materials.
This document discusses various thermal and electrical energy-based machining processes. It provides details on electric discharge machining (EDM) and wire cut EDM, including their working principles, process parameters, applications and advantages/disadvantages. It also describes laser beam machining and plasma arc machining, their working principles, types of lasers/plasmas used, and applications in metal cutting, drilling and surface treatment.
This document provides information on unconventional machining processes including mechanical energy based processes. It discusses abrasive jet machining where compressed air carries abrasive particles to impact and machine hard materials. Water jet machining uses high pressure water to cut. Abrasive water jet machining adds abrasives to the water jet. Ultrasonic machining uses high frequency vibrations and an abrasive slurry to machine hard brittle materials. Key parameters that affect the material removal rate in these processes are discussed such as abrasive grain size, gas/water pressure, and velocity. Advantages include ability to machine hard materials without heat, while disadvantages include low material removal rates and accuracy issues.
The document discusses advances in metrology, including laser interferometry and coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). It describes the principles and components of laser interferometry, including laser sources, optical elements, and measurement receivers. Coordinate measuring machines are discussed, including their construction, types of probes, accuracy considerations, and applications for precision inspection. Computer-aided inspection using machine vision systems is also summarized, outlining the key stages of image generation, processing, and analysis.
This document discusses measurement of mechanical parameters including torque, temperature, and force. It describes various methods for measuring torque using a Prony brake arrangement and dynamometers. Temperature measurement techniques covered include bimetallic strips, thermocouples, thermometers, pyrometers, and resistance temperature detectors. Methods for measuring force include load cells, strain gauges, and capacitive load cells.
1. The document discusses various methods for measuring different elements of screw threads and gears, including major diameter, minor diameter, effective diameter, pitch, flank angle, and roundness.
2. Thread measurement methods include using micrometers, V-blocks, taper parallels, and rollers. Pitch can be measured using a pitch gauge, toolmaker's microscope, or pitch measuring machine.
3. Effective diameter is typically measured using one, two, or three wire methods. Flank angle and thread form are evaluated using optical projection or thread plug/ring/caliper gauges.
1. The document discusses the syllabus for the course 20ME601 - Metrology and Measurements.
2. The syllabus is divided into 5 units which cover topics like basics of metrology, linear and angular measurements, form measurement, measurement of mechanical parameters, and advances in metrology.
3. Key concepts discussed include types of metrology, components of a generalized measurement system, standards, units, types of measurements/methods of measurements, types of measuring instruments, factors affecting accuracy and precision, and types of errors in measurements.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
2. TOPICS
Abrasive flow machining, chemo-mechanical polishing,
magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing,
magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing their working
principles, equipments, effect of process parameters,
applications, advantages and limitations.
3. INTRODUCTION
• In order to substitute manual finishing process
and to meet the functional properties such as wear
resistance, power loss, due to friction on most of
the engineering components, we go for advanced
machining process.
• This finishing process is carried out at micro and
nano level. This process is called as advanced
nano finishing process.
4. NANO FINISHING PROCESSES
• Nano finishing is the only operation which
can make rough surfaces in nanometers range.
The ultimate precision through finishing will
be where processed where there is a change in
size of sub nanometer.
6. • In abrasive flow machining process, the
semisolid abrasive media acts as deformable
grading wheel; which helps to remove small
amount of materials.
• The abrasive media is given larger force or
velocity by hydraulic or mechanical means to
push the media into the areas in which
conventional finishing process cannot be
performed.
ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING
12. The metal removal rate depends upon the
following parameters.
• 1. Addition of plasticizers
• 2. Extrusion pressure
• 3. Number of cycles
PROCESS PARAMETERS IN ABRASIVE
FLOW MACHINING
15. • As the finishing cycles are increased from 100
to 400, the surface roughness also increased
and good surface finish is obtained.
• The number of finishing cycles are controlled
by mechanical counter
Finishing Cycles Vs Change in Surface
Roughness
16. • Operations such as deburring polishing and
radiusing can be done.
• This process is more suitable for batch
production
• It is faster than manual finishing
• It can finish inaccessible areas in one single
movement
ADVANTAGES OF AFM
17. • It has low finishing rate compared to other
nano finishing process.
• The process involves high production time
and high production cost.
• There should be repeated replacements of
poly abrasive media that is used in AFM
process.
LIMITATIONS OF AFM
18. • AFM is used in finishing of
• Extrusion dies
• Nozzle of flame cutting touch
• Air foil surfaces of impellors
• Accessory parts like fuel spray, nozzle, fuel
control bodies.
APPLICATIONS OF AFM
19. • Chemo mechanical polishing is a process of
smoothing and planning surface with the combination
of chemical etching and free abrasive polishing.
• CMP of silicon wafers is a basic processing
technology for production of flat, defect free, highly
reflective surface.
• This planarization method is a choice for < 0.5
micron technologies
CHEMO MECHANICAL POLISHING
20. • In chemo mechanical polishing, a chemical
reaction is used to soften the material and then
mechanical polishing is done on the layer. The
polishing action is partly mechanical and
partly chemical
PRINCIPLE OF CMP
27. Types of Pad based on its Hardness
• The hardness is quantified by Youngs modulus
value.
• 2GPa – hard pad – good global planarity
• 0.5 GPa – medium pad – good local planarity
• 0.1 GPa – soft pad – good local planarity
Pad Asperities
• Pores diameter – 30 – 50 μm
• Peak to peak – 200 – 300 μm
POLISHING PAD
POLISHING PAD
28. Abrasives in CMP Slurry
• Oxide slurry
• Metal slurry
The process condition are
• Flow rate - 50 to 100 ml / min
• Particle size - 180 to 280 nm
CMP
29. Metal Slurry
The various types of metal slurry used are
• Fe(NO3)2 – based
• H2O2 – based
• KJO3 – based
• H5IO6 based slurries having oxidizing ability
CMP
33. The six possible two way interaction are
• Fluid and workpiece
• Workpiece and pad
• Workpiece and abrasive particles
• Abrasive particles and pad
• Pad and fluid
• Fluid and abrasive particles.
Mechanical Aspect of Material
Removal
34. Also four possible three way interaction are
• Workpiece, fluid and abrasives
• Work[piece, abrasives and pad
• Fluid, pad and abrasives.
Mechanical Aspect of Material
Removal
35. • Process : 10 to 50 kPa
• Platen / carrier rpm: 10 to 100 rpm
• Velocity – 10 – 100 cm/s
• Slurry flow rate – 50 to 500 m/min
Typical material removal rate
• Oxide CMP – 2800 A ∘ / min
• Metal CMP – 3500 A∘ / min
PROCESS PARAMETER
36. The mechanical material removal rate was given by
person. This is called perston equation.
R = kp x P x△V
The equation works good for the bulk film polishing
processes
Where
P - is the polishing pressure
kp - perston coefficient
V - relative velocity
PERSTON EQUATION
37. • Temperature in the polishing pad
• Conditioning of polishing pad.
FACTORS AFFECTING PROCESS
PARAMETERS
38. ADVANTAGES OF CMP
• It is used to polish metal like Aluminium, Copper, Silver titanium
etc.
• It can also polish insulators like SiO2, Si3N4.
• Ceramics like SiC, TiN, TaN can also be polished.
LIMITATIONS OF CMP
• Cleaning of platen surface in a difficult process.
• Embedded particles, residual slurry are to be removed very
carefully.
• Due to residues min scratches are also formed on the surface of the
platen and the pad.
• Surface defects such riping out and dishing are formed on the
surface.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
39. • It is used in fabrication of semiconductor
devices
• Oxides are deposited on the wafer in from of
shape trenches
• Flat panel display
• Microelectronic mechanical system
• Magnetic recording head and CD writing
APPLICATIONS OF CMP
40. • Magnetic abrasive finishing process was
developed in US, USSR, Bulgaria and Japan.
This process is mainly used in finishing
radiusing and deburring of various flat surfaces
and cylindrical surfaces.
MAGNETIC ABRASIVE FINISHING
41. • In magnetic abrasive finishing process, the
magnetic particles are joined to each other
magnetically between magnetic poles along
the lines of magnetic force forming a flexible
abrasive brush.
• This magnetic abrasive brush is used to
perform surface and edge finishing operation.
PRINCIPLE OF MAF
47. 1.Pressure
2. Type and size of grains
3. Finishing efficiency
4. Bonded and unbounded magnetic abrasive
5. Magnetic flux density.
FACTORS AFFECTING PROCESS
PARAMETERS
53. ADVANTAGES OF MAF
• MAF have self adaptability and easy controllability
• Surface finish is in order of nanometer.
• The device can be easily mounted on other machine without
the need of high capital investment.
DISADVANTAGES OF MAF
• It is difficult to implement MAF in mass production operation.
• It is a time consuming process.
• It is not applicable for some ordinary finishing task where
conventional finishing technique can be easily implemented.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF MAF
54. • It is used in finishing processes such as
lapping, buffing, honing and burnishing
operation in surface of tubes, bearing and
automobile components.
• Precision deburring can be done on edges of
the workpiece.
• It is used in medical field in areas of capillary
tube, needles and biopsy needles etc.
APPLICATIONS OF MAF
55. • A magneto rheological fluid is a layer of smart
fluid in a carrier. It is a type of oil when subjected
to a magnetic field, the fluid increases it apparent
viscosity to the point that it becomes a
viscoelastic solid.
• Rheology is a science of flow and deformation
study of rheological properties of the medium.
The performance of the medium. The
performance of the medium is given by its
rheological properties.
MAGNETO RHEOLOGICAL FINISHING
56. • In magneto rheological finishing process under
the influence of magnetic field the MR fluid
(Magneto rheological fluid) becomes a
viscoelastic solid.
• This act as the cutting tool to remove the
materials from the surface of the workpiece.
PRINCIPLE OF MRF
59. • The abrasives used are Aluminium oxide,
silicon carbide, cerium oxide and diamond
powder
• Polishing abrasives such as Alumina and
diamond power is used in polishing optical
materials.
Abrasive particles
60. • Optimum concentration of magnetic particles
and abrasives
• High yield stress under magnetic field
• Low off state visciocity
• Resistance to corrosion
• High polishing efficiency
Characteristic of Base Carrier Fluid
61. • The main function of stabilizers is used to
disperse the magnetic particles and abrasives
uniformly in suspension
• The main function of stabilizers is that it
creates a coating on the particles so that MR
fluid can easily re-disperse
STABILIZERS
63. ADVANTAGES
• High accuracy
• Enhances product quality and repeatability
• Increases production rate, productivity yield and cost effectiveness.
• Manufacture of precision optics.
• Optical glasses with roughness of less than 10 angstrom can be machined.
• Surface finish upto nanometer level is achieved without sub surface
damage.
LIMITATIONS OF MRF
• High quality fluids are expensive.
• Fluids are subject to thickening after prolonged used and need replacement.
• Settling of ferromagnetic particles can be a problem for some application
• This process is not suitable for finishing of internal and external surface of
cylindrical components.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF MRF
64. • Use in lens manufacturing
• Optical glasses, single crystals, calcium
fluorides silicon ceramic are machined.
• Square and rectangular aperture surface such
as prism, cylinder and photo blank substrates
are machined
APPLICATIONS OF MRF
65. • This process is the combination of two
finishing processes. They are abrasive flow
machining and magneto rheological finishing.
This process eliminates the limitations in AFM
and MRF.
MAGNETO RHEOLOGICAL ABRASIVE
FLOW MACHINING
66. • Magneto rheological polishing fluid comprises
of carbonyl iron powder and silicon carbide,
abrasive dispersed in the viscoplastic base of
grease and mineral oil.
• When external magnetic field is applied these
fluid exhibit change in rheological behavior.
These fluids behaves smartly and does the
finishing operation precisely
PRINCIPLE OF MRAFM
68. • Electromagnets - 2000 turns of 17 SWG copper
wire.
• Continuous Phase -Organic fluids are used as
continuous phase for MR fluids. The other type of
fluids are silicone oils, kerosene, mineral oil and
glycol.
• Additives -MR fluid is mixture of 26.6 vol% of
electrolytes, 99.5% of Fe powder, 13.4 vol% of
silicon carbide abrasive with 4.8% paraffin oil
and 12% AP3 grease.
69. • Faster response time
• High dynamic yield stress
• Low off- state viscosity
• Resistance to setting
• Easy remixing
• Excellent wear and abrasive resistance
Characteristic of Magneto Rheological
Fluids
75. • Complex structures can be easily machined.
• Localized finishing is possible
• Thermal distortion is negligible
• High machining versatility.
ADVANTAGES OF MRAFF
76. • Low finishing rate
• Non uniform magnetic field produces non
uniform surface finish
• Required a closed environment
LIMITATIONS OF MRAFF
77. • Used in investment cast milled parts, airfoil, cast
aluminum automobile turbo components
• Complex piping for values, fittings, tubes and
flow meter
• Finishing of automotive gears in a single pass,
heart values, exhaust manifold and high pressure
holes.
• Used in finishing of heart valves, exhaust
manifold and high pressure holes.
APPLICATIONS OF MRAFF