Leadership is an integral part of work and social life where a leader influences people to work towards common goals through guidance, confidence and zeal. Leadership is defined as a process where a person influences others to accomplish objectives and directs an organization towards cohesion and coherence. There are different leadership styles such as autocratic versus participative, and those based on positive or negative rewards. Effective leadership depends on the leader's personality, expectations of subordinates and superiors, task requirements, and organizational climate. Qualities of a good leader include intelligence, motivation, responsibility, open-mindedness, self-confidence, and good human relations.

1. Unit – 3: Leadership
By Radhika
Faculty of Commerce and Management

2. What is Leadership?

3. Introduction
 Integral Part of work as well as Social Life
 Leader is required to do any kind of work
 Weather it is formal or informal, leader influences people to
work towards common goals.
 People have to be guided with Zeal and confidence

4. Meaning
 Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to
accomplish an objective and directs the organization more to
make it more cohesive and coherent.
 It is the ability to build confidence and zeal among people and
create an urge in them to be led.
 In corporate terms, leadership is the process by which an
executive imaginatively directs, guides & influences the work
of others in choosing attaining specified goals by mediating
between individuals and the organization in such a manner that
both obtain maximum benefit.

5. Definition
1. Leadership is an activity controlling the voluntary efforts of
people achieving corresponding objectives.
-George R Terry
2. Leadership is an activity of skillful effort to be induced to
achieve the general goals.
-Livingston
2. Leadership is an activity of influencing people so that they
will strive willingly towards achievement of group goals.
-Koontz & O’Donnel

6. Nature of Leadership
1. Depends upon personal traits
2. It is situational
3. Leadership vs. management
4. It is function
5. Role model
6. Leaders are also followers
7. Pervasive function
8. It aims at goal achievement

7. Importance/Functions
1. Leaders provides task supports
2. Psychological support
3. Development of individuals
4. Building team spirit
5. Motivation
6. Provides feedback
7. Facilitates change
8. Maintains discipline

8. Leadership Styles
On The Basis Of Rewards
1. Positive Leaders
2. Negative Leaders
On The Basis Of Power
1. Autocratic Leaders
2. Participative Leaders [Democratic]

9. Cont.
 On The Basis Of Rewards
1. Positive Leaders
 Motivate their employees through rewards
2. Negative Leaders
 They use penalties and punishment s as means of motivation
NO LEADER CAN BE FULLY POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

10. Cont.
 On The Basis Of Power
1. Autocratic Leaders:
 Make decisions and issue orders by virtue of authority & position
 Hold authority & responsibility
 Can use both positive & negative motivation
 When he wants how he wants what he wants
 Bossing people
2. Participative Leaders [Democratic]
 Involvement of employees in decision making
 Employees will respect instead of felt threat
 Mutual benefit

13. Effective Leadership
1. Leaders personality and past behavior
2. Expectations from Subordinates
3. Expectations from Superiors
4. Task requirements
5. Organizational climate

14. Qualities of Leader
1. Intelligence
2. Physical features
3. Maturity
4. Vision & foresight
5. Motivation
6. Acceptance of responsibility
7. Open mind
8. Self confidence
9. Human relations attitude
10. Humor