This document summarizes key aspects of ultrasound therapy. It discusses ultrasound transmission and propagation through tissues, the components of an ultrasound generator including the transducer and piezoelectric effect, physiological effects including thermal and non-thermal effects, techniques for application, indications and contraindications.
Therapeutic Ultrasound for Physiotherapy studentsSaurab Sharma
This lecture intends to provide general outline about the uses, parameters, precautions and contraindications of therapeutic ultrasound for undergraduate physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. After the lecture, students will explore the evidences about current practices of therapeutic ultrasound in various musculoskeletal pain conditions, critically appraise them and present the evidences to the class.
Efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound in the physiotherapy management of musculo...Ayobami Ayodele
Efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound in the physiotherapy management of musculoskeletal disorders. Despite several decades of us, the efficacy or effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound as a physiotherapy modalities is still questionable.
Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) is a treatment that uses electromagnetic energy to produce deep heating in joints and soft tissues. This form of heat can be applied to deeper structures than other forms of heat treatment.
Ultrasound therapy is a treatment used by physical therapists or occupational therapists to relieve pain and to promote tissue healing. While ultrasound therapy is not effective for all chronic pain conditions, it may help reduce your pain if you have any of the following: Osteoarthritis. Myofascial pain syndrome.
Full wave rectification, half wave rectification, applications of rectification, three wave rectification, Hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, role of electrotherapy, advantages and disadvantages of electrotherapyy
Therapeutic Ultrasound for Physiotherapy studentsSaurab Sharma
This lecture intends to provide general outline about the uses, parameters, precautions and contraindications of therapeutic ultrasound for undergraduate physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. After the lecture, students will explore the evidences about current practices of therapeutic ultrasound in various musculoskeletal pain conditions, critically appraise them and present the evidences to the class.
Efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound in the physiotherapy management of musculo...Ayobami Ayodele
Efficacy of therapeutic ultrasound in the physiotherapy management of musculoskeletal disorders. Despite several decades of us, the efficacy or effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound as a physiotherapy modalities is still questionable.
Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) is a treatment that uses electromagnetic energy to produce deep heating in joints and soft tissues. This form of heat can be applied to deeper structures than other forms of heat treatment.
Ultrasound therapy is a treatment used by physical therapists or occupational therapists to relieve pain and to promote tissue healing. While ultrasound therapy is not effective for all chronic pain conditions, it may help reduce your pain if you have any of the following: Osteoarthritis. Myofascial pain syndrome.
Full wave rectification, half wave rectification, applications of rectification, three wave rectification, Hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, role of electrotherapy, advantages and disadvantages of electrotherapyy
A short description of the brain scanning method: electroencephalogram. In addition o the basic method, the slideshow also briefly describes the techniques strengths and weaknesses compared to other brain scanning techniques.
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equipment settings and functions.The Ultrasonic theories presented will provide the knowledge of Ultrasonic Testing required and enable you to work with individuals qualified and certified to gain needed experience for qualification as Level 1. While the practicle manipulations will give you the essential steps that you will need to calibrate the ultrasonic testing equipment, perform the inspection, collect and interpret the data.This course consists of two handbooks: The first handbook made by the instructor is the official of the training. It covers all the topics presented through the 39 lectures. While the second one (offered as bonus) is the official one of the TWI (International Institute of Welding) training.In addition to that, the course includes 39 lectures alternating between the different lecture types, with regular quizzes and exams to enable you to check that your are following the topics covered.
Catheter Based Intervention and Surgical Management of Peripheral Arterial Oc...Omar Haqqani
Dr. Omar P. Haqqani, MD discusses the details of catheter based blood vessel intervention, focussed on management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Industrial Applications of Ultrasound - class 9 - physics (sound)Christ University
This is an amazing ppt with narration, which tells us about the industrial applications of ultrasound . which is in the class 9 ncert textbooks . it takes us a little deeper into the concept to understand it deeply.
Therapeutic ultrasound and application, physiotherapy based application of ultrasound, for basic understanding of ultrasound and its uses for therapeutic purpose.
A comprehensive guide to therapeutic ultrasound in relations to Therapeutic exercise, mobilizations + ultrasound
This Powerpoint has been created and published by www.ProHealthcareProducts.com - All Rights Reserved.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
25. Summary of Effects of US Effect Temperature inc Application Non thermal None 37.5 baseline Acute inj, edema, healing Mild thermal 1C Subacute inj, hematoma Mod thermal 2C Chronic itis,pain, TP Vigorous 4C Stretch collagen
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28. Indications Ultrasound Acute/subacute cond Soft tiss heal/repair Scar tissue Jt.contracture Chr itis Inc collagen extensibility Dec m spasm Pain Inc bl fl Soft tiss repair Inc Pr- syn Tiss regen Bone healing Repair non-union fx Inflamm assoc Myos. Ossificans Plantar warts Myofascial trigger points
29. Contraindications Acute/post acute cond.(Thermal) Areas of decreased temp sensation Areas dec circ Vasc. Insuff Thrombophleb Eyes Reproductive organs Pelvis immed after menses Pregnancy PPM Malignancy Growing epiphysis TJR Precaution not directly over Infection tumors
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Editor's Notes
Think of how a stone can skip through the water creating waves or ripples. Or think of a boat with an outboard motor. Look at the wake even at slow speeds. Ultrasound is a mechanical wave in which energy is transmitted by the vibrations of the molecules of the biologic medium through which the wave is traveling.
Since soft tissues are mostly like liquids, therefore US travels primarily as a longitudinal wave, except when in contact with bone, a transverse wave results.
US has a frequency of >20KHz
In our bodies structures naturally have different densities. For example the US will travel at 1540 m/s through soft tissue. Through bone it travels at 4000m/s
Tissues with high fluid content such as blood plasma US penetrates. Tissues with high protein contents such as skeletal m, peripheral n the US will have its greatest absorption and greatest heating potential
Sound passing from the transducer to air will be almost completely reflected. Never hold the transducer in the air because it will damage the crystal. The possibility of standing waves is minimized by assuring that you either use pulsed wave US or continually move the sound head.
High frequency generator that is connected via an oscillator circuit. Transformer is attached via a coaxial cable to a transducer housed in a type of insulated applicator. The oscillator circuit produces a sound beam at a specific frequency. Frequency is reached by the transformation of household current of 60Hz/100v Acto 500v or more by electronic components in the US apparatus. The higher voltage is then applied to oscillators or vibrators that boost the household frequencies to the desired level of 1 or 3 MHz. DEMONSTRATION
Two types of piezoelectric effects: 1. Direct the generation of an electric voltage across the crystal when it is compressed or expanded. 2. Reverse piezoelectric effect or indirect. This occurs when the AC moves through the crystal producing compression or expansion. This change in voltage polarity causes the crystal to expand and contract and thus vibrate at the frequency of the electrical oscillation. The reverse piezoelectric effect is used to generate US at a desired frequency
Ideally matches the diameter of the transducer faceplate. The acoustic energy is contained w/I a focused cylindrical beam that is ~ the same diameter as the sound head. This will assure the maintenance of the best coupling. The appropriate size of area to be treated using US is 2-3 x the size of the ERA of the crystal.
AT 1Mhz US is transmitted through superficial tissues and absorbed primarily at 2-5 cm. 1 Mhz is beneficial for fatter pts., and whenever the desired effects are in deeper tissues. I.e.. Piriformis, Soleus At 3 MHz energy is absorbed in superficial tissues and absorbed with a depth of penetration between 1-2 cm. Ideal for plantar fascitis, patella tendonitis, and epicondylitis. As the frequency of the US increases, the rate of absorption and attenuation increases. 3 MHz frequency US is absorbed more superficially and 3x faster than 1 MHz US. Faster absorption causes faster peak heating. 3Mhz US heats human m 3x faster than 1 MHz
Collimated means the beam is focused, less divergent and generally produced by a large diameter transducer. As the beam moves away from the transducer the waves eventually become indistinguishable and arrive at a certain point simultaneously. This creates a point of highest acoustic intensity. Maximum Acoustic intensity can e determined by calculating the distance L from the surface of the transducer. L = D2/ 4 W Where D squared is the diameter of the transducer and w is the wavelength.
Some units are as high as 8 to 1. Peak intensities of 8w/cm2 have been shown to damage tissue. Therefore the pt. runs the risk of tissue damage at intensities > 1w/cm2 are used. Lower BNR’s allow you to lower the chance of developing “Hot Spots” of concentrated energy
If during a 40 ms time period the US was on for 10ms and off for 30 ms you would say that this is a 25% duty cycle. Formula for Duty Cycle: on time x 100 on time + off time Another example if the pulse duration = 1 ms and the total pulse period is 5 msec. The duty cycle is 20%. Take home message: Continuous US is used most for thermal effects. Pulsed US causes decreased heating. At a low intensity, US pulsed and continuous will produce nonthermal mechanical effects that are desirable for soft tissue healing.
Spatial averaged intensity: Intensity if the US beam averaged over the area of the transducer Spatial peak intensity: Highest beam value over time range bet 2.5-3.0 w/cm2 Temporal peak- pulsed US, max intensity during on phase w/cm2 Temporal averaged intensity: only pulsed US,average power of both on and off periods Spatial averaged temporal peak- max intensity occurring in time of the spatial averaged intensity. Spatial average during a single pulse. - Regardless of whether the US is pulsed or continuous if the spatial averaged temporal intensity is in the .1 to .2 w/cm2 range the intensity is too w to produce tissue temperature increase and only nonthermal effects will occur
Some say that tissue temp Increases of 1C increase metabolism and healing, Increases of 2-3 C decrease pain and m spasm, Increases of 4 C or > increase the extensibility of collagen and decrease joint stiffness. Temperatures greater than 45C may damage tissues, pt will experience pain prior to extreme temps
Acoustic microstreaming may cause high viscous stresses, which may in turn alter cell permeability to Na+ and Ca++ ions– important for the healing process
Tx area ~ sound head. Larger areas Increase time. The > intensity the less time Frequency determines depth of penetration, and rate of healing. # Mhz is absorbed 3x faster than 1 which means faster healing.
Coupling agents should not absorb US energy. Medium should be free of air bubbles. Medium shuld act like a lubricant, the transducer should have coupling medium on it before the unit is turned on. If the head is held away from the body part the crystal may be damaged and the transducer may overhead. Water soluble gels are most desirable.
Move the transducer slowly @ ~4cm/sec cover an area ~ 2-3 x greater than the ERA of the transducer. Overlapping circular motions or longitudinal are acceptable. The higher the BNR the more important it becomes to move the head faster. If the pt c/o pain, decrease the output but increase the duration
Meds anti inflamm., cortisol, salicates, dexamethosone, analgesics, lidocaine. Thermal effects will increase permeability and the acoustic pressure the us beam creates, will drive the meds in. So the medication will follow the path of the beam. When you do phonophoresis, Us can be pulsed or cont. Potential depth of phonophoresis is > than Ionto