Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) is a treatment that uses electromagnetic energy to produce deep heating in joints and soft tissues. This form of heat can be applied to deeper structures than other forms of heat treatment.
Short wave diathermy (s.w.d) electro therapyÂbhìšhék Singh
Electrotherapy topic shot wave diathermy ppt (physics)
Bachelor of physiotherapy topic swd . Swd introduction, and range of swd , indications and contraindications of swd
Wax therapy, which uses a bath of molten paraffin wax, is one of the most effective ways of applying heat to improve mobility by warming the connective tissues. Wax therapy is mainly used on your hands along with an exercise program.
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This lecture intends to provide general outline about the uses, parameters, precautions and contraindications of therapeutic ultrasound for undergraduate physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. After the lecture, students will explore the evidences about current practices of therapeutic ultrasound in various musculoskeletal pain conditions, critically appraise them and present the evidences to the class.
Short wave diathermy (s.w.d) electro therapyÂbhìšhék Singh
Electrotherapy topic shot wave diathermy ppt (physics)
Bachelor of physiotherapy topic swd . Swd introduction, and range of swd , indications and contraindications of swd
Wax therapy, which uses a bath of molten paraffin wax, is one of the most effective ways of applying heat to improve mobility by warming the connective tissues. Wax therapy is mainly used on your hands along with an exercise program.
Therapeutic Ultrasound for Physiotherapy studentsSaurab Sharma
This lecture intends to provide general outline about the uses, parameters, precautions and contraindications of therapeutic ultrasound for undergraduate physiotherapy students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal. After the lecture, students will explore the evidences about current practices of therapeutic ultrasound in various musculoskeletal pain conditions, critically appraise them and present the evidences to the class.
Microwave diathermies (MWDs) are electromagnetic (EM) radiation emitting systems that are used by physiotherapists for thermotherapy treatment. This presentation will give an overview about Microwave diathermy to all physiotherapy clinicians, students & teaching faculties
Here is the complete information about short wave diathermy. our main focus is on short wave diathermy and its medical effects in physiotherapy. our main goal is to provide you short but useful information hope this helps you a lot in your studies.
The History of SWD
Production, Generation, Method of Application, Patient Preparation, Physiologcal and therapeutic effects, Indications, Contraindications daners of SWD, and Evidence Based Practice.
Haemostasis is very important in laparoscopic surgery. Vessel sealing with energy devises play a major role in keeping the surgical field clear. Energy devices are also used for tissue sealing and transection. Despite never types of energy devises electro-surgery is still very popular in gynaecological laparoscopy. Desiccation, dissection, and coagulation are the main effects of electro-surgery that are used for various purposes. Higher thermal injury with monopolar devices lead to the invention of bipolar devices with less tissue damage. Ligasure, pk gyrus, ENSEAL are some of the more advanced bipolar devices. Ultrasonic devices have the capability of coagulation and cutting tissues. During the process it can produce significant thermal injury. Thunderbeat combines bipolar and ultrasonic energy for coagulation and cutting respectively for more precise effects. Laser devices emit a beam of photons with a high degree of spatial and temporal coherence with tissue effects depending on the time of exposure and power density. CO2, Argon, Nd: YAG, KTP-532 are different laser types with different properties. Plasma is the fourth state of matter following solid, liquid and gas. Argon neutral plasma (System 7550TM ABC, Cardioblate) can produce energy in 3 forms including light, heat and kinetic energy. Laser and plasma energy are gaining more popularity for endometriosis surgery due to its localised effects and better preservation of ovarian follicles.
Diathermy
• Diathermy uses an electric current to cause localized heating,
permitting cutting of tissue and coagulation of blood.
• It may be unipolar or bipolar, the former having several settings
depending on which function is required.
Unipolar diathermy
Bipolar diathermy
• Advantages
• Allows surgery to proceed with better hemostatic control than using sharp
instruments.
• Different modes can be used to achieve different effects on different
tissues.
• Disadvantages
• High currents used in diathermy equipment cause induction in cables
used for other purposes. This results in interference in the ECG and other
monitors when diathermy is in use.
Safety
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Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
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Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
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Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
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Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
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Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
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Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
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2. Diathermy
• Diathermy is the application of Shortwave or
microwave electromagnetic energy to produce heat
and other physiological changes within the tissue
• The term ‘diathermy’ means ‘through heating’ or
producing deep heating directly in the tissues of the
body.
‘ Dia’ through
‘thermy’ heat or temperature
3. PRINCIPLE OF DIATHERMY
• Before injury, the dipole molecules of the body
tissue are arranged on the basis of polarity .
• When the tissue is damaged the dipoles
distribution become irregular and deviates from
polarity based arrangement .
• Under the influence of an electric field , they
rotate according to the polarity of their charge in
the direction of the field lines and get rearranged
and tends to acquire its previous stage of polarity
4. CHALLENGES OF DIATHERMY
• As the subcutaneous layer is fatty , direct
delivery of heat to the deep layers of tissue is
not possible.
• Diathermy involves uneven and uncontrolled
delivery of heat therefore sometimes instead
of the target tissue , surrounding tissue gets
affected.
5. • Diathermy uses high frequency electric
current to produce heat deep inside a targeted
tissue.
• It can reach areas as deep as two inches from
the skin’s surface.
• The diathermy machine does not apply heat
directly to the body.
• Instead, the current from the machine allows
the body to generate heat from within the
targeted tissue.
• As the heat increases, it promotes blood flow.
• It can also help improve flexibility in stiff
joints and connective tissue.
6. Effects of high frequency currents on
the tissue.
• Vibrations of ion
• Dipole rotation
• Molecular distortation
7. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• Increased metabolism:
• Increased blood supply:
• General rise of temperature:
• Fall in blood pressure:
• Increased activity of sweat glands:
8. Therapeutic effect
1.Increase blood flow.
2. Help resolution of inflammation.
3. accelerate wound healing.
4. ↗ extensibility of deep collagen tissues.
5. ↘ joint stiffness.
6. Relief deep mus. Pain & spasm. ( via muscle
spindle & Golgi tendon organ stimulation)
10. TYPES OF DIATHERMY
• SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY
• LONGWAVE DIATHERMY
• MICROWAVE DIATHERMY
• ULTRASOUND DIATHERMY
• LASER DIATHERMY
11. SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY
• Def.: SWD is a modality that produces deep
heating via conversion of electromagnetic energy
to thermal energy.
• The pattern of heat produced depend on:
Freq. used.
type of SWD unit.
water content of the tissues.
12. • Shortwave diathermy current freq. 10 – 100
MHz
(The shortest radiofrequency wave is used in
therapeutic diathermy.)
• the commonly used in medical work having freq.
of 27.12 MHz with wavelength of 11 meters
13. Modalities:
Continuous and Pulsed (PSWD).
• PSWD: application of series of short pulses of
SWD so that short periods of SWD interrupted by
gaps where there is no SWD.
• The patient receives lower dose of SWD energy
compared with continuous SWD applied of the
same time and the tissues will receive lower
thermal load.
14. • Acute condition should be treated with low dose PSWD
and chronic conditions should be treated with high dose
SWD.
• PSWD is usually applied for 30 to 60 minutes once or
twice a day,5 to 7 times in a week.
• SWD: produce both deep and superficial tissue heating,
under certain controlled conditions.
• Thermal level diathermy is generally applied for 20 minutes.
16. Inductive method
• Uses a long flexible, metal conductor, a thick wire covered in a
thick rubber insulator.
• Also uses monode, diplode, or drum depending on size,
shapes and numbers of coil and manufacturer.
• In both the cases a coil is used to produce high frequency
alternating magnetic field.
• AC Current flowing within the coil produces a magnetic field
perpendicular to coil.
• Magnetic field produces eddy currents in the tissues. This
induced eddy current cause charged particles in the tissue to
oscillate and that produce heat in the tissue.
17. • Heating with inductive coil diathermy applicator
is known as heating by magnetic field method
because the electric current that generates the
heat is induced in the tissues by magnetic field.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. Capacitive Field Diathermy
• Uses capacitive plate diathermy applicators,which is
made of metal encased in plastic housing or transmissive
carbon rubber electrodes that are placed between felt
pads.
• A high frequency AC current flow from one plate to other
through the patient, producing an electric field and a
flow of current in body tissue that is between the plates.
• Also referred to as “condenser field diathermy”
24.
25.
26.
27. TYPES OF ELECTRODES
Flexible pads:
• consist of metal electrode encased in rubber and
produce an electrostatic field.
28. Space plates:
• consist of a rigid metal electrode encased in
a Perspex cover produce electrostatic field.
29. Coil or cable
• electrode consists of a wire with plugs at either
end creates electromagnetic field.
• Application using a coil electrode:
1. The coil wound evenly firmly
2.Pancake application
30.
31. The monode :
• flat, rigid coil encased in plastic cover produce
Electromagnetic field.
32. Diplode and drum electrode
Consists of a flat coil electrode encased in
Perspex cover with two wings produce
electromagnetic field.
Application using diplode:
• Adjust wings of diplode parallel to the skin of the
treated area, electromagnetic field will produce.
33.
34.
35. FACTORS INFLUENCE FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN
S.W.D( capacitor field method)
• Spacing :
allows the lines of force in the electrostatic field to
diverge before entering the tissues. This prevents
concentration of heat in the superficial tissues and
ensures more heating through the part.
• Spacing provided by:
1. wrapping flexible pads in towel.
2. flat felt spacing pads between pad
electrode and skin
3. air when using space plates.
36. • Normal spacing even field distribution.
• Increased spacing deep field concentration.
• Decreased spacing superficial concentration
• If the spacing is less than 25 mm more concentration
in the treat superficial tissue.
• If spacing Increases more depth achieved.
• The distance between adjacent ends must be greater
than the sum of skin electrode distance (A+B)
otherwise the line of force will pass directly between
Electrodes rather than tissues.
37.
38. Electrode size:
• Guid lines for electrode selection &
placement:
1. Electrode should be of equal size
2. Electrode should be slightly larger than the
body part
3. Electrode should be equidistant & at right
angles to the skin surface.
39. • if the electrodes are too small than the diameter
of treated part line of force will be concentrated
superficially.
• If the electrodes are markedly larger the line of
force will be lost in the air.
• Ideally, the electrodes should be slightly larger
than the area treated.
40. • To concentrate heat on one aspect of the part the
electrode should be unequal in size. (smaller one placed
over the area where concentration of heat is required).
Or you can produce concentration of heat by using equal
size electrodes but with unequal spacing (25 mm over
concentrated area and more than 30 mm on other
electrode).
41. Distance from short wave machine-
• To restrict exposure it is recommended that
operator should remain 1 m from continuous
wave diathermy equipment,0.5 m from pulsed
treatment with capacitive electrode and 0.2 m
from pulsed inductive applicators.
45. Cross-fire application:
• For the treatment of sinuses, space plates
positioned after half diagonally,of treatment
time the positions are alternate.
• this ensures that the all the sinses membranes
are heated.
• Care must be taken to avoid direct placement
over the eye ,uterine disorders such as
dysmenrrohea.
46.
47. USES
• Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Degenerative Joint Disorders
Ex. OA and RA
• Sprain
• Strain
• Hematoma
• Muscle & tendon Tears
• Capsule Lesions
48. DANGERS
• Burns
• Concentration of electric field
• • Impaired blood flow
• Excess current
• Hypersensitive skin
• Leads touching skin
• Scalds
• Electric shock
• Overdose
• Precipitation of gangrene
• Faintness
• Giddiness
49. Contraindications
• Metal implants or metal jewelry (be aware of body
piercings)
• Cardiac pacemakers
• Ischemic areas
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Perspiration and moist dressings: The water collects
and concentrates the heat.
• • Tendency to hemorrhage, including menstruation.
• • Pregnancy
• • Fever
50. • Sensory loss
• Cancer
• Deep X ray
• Tumours
• Unreliable patients
• Areas of particular sensitivity:
• Epiphyseal plates in children
– The genitals
– Sites of infection
– The abdomen with an implanted intrauterine device
(IUD)
– The eyes and face
– Application through the skull
51. Treatment with Shot Wave Diathermy
on chronic low back pain
Protocol
• SWD was applied by Condenser technique. Condenser
pads were applied to the back with spacing between skin
and electrodes provided by 1 to 2 inch layers of terry
cloth. It was applied for 15 minutes three times in a week
for six weeks.
conclusions
• concluded that treatment with SWD may be benefited if
SWD is used as an adjunct to NSAID.
52. The interventions done included HVLAT and SWD on 15 subjects in
each group the subject received max of 9 treatment sessions, 3 times
per week for 3weeks for both the groups.
The outcome measures were VAS, ODI and ROM (flexion, extension).
The objective of the study was to see the effect of HVLAT and SWD on
outcome measures and compare them and Ergonomic advice being
common to both groups.
Concluded that high velocity low amplitude thrust manipulation
can be used in rehabilitation of chronic mechanical low back pain
patients.
• Comparison of Efficacy of SWD and
High Velocity Low Amplitude Thrust Manipulation (HVLATM
for management of chronic mechanical low back
pain
53. Effects Of 10 Minutes Short Wave
Diathermy (SWD) On Osteoarthritis (OA)
Knee; Compared To 20 Minutes Short Wave
Diathermy (SWD)
• General Objective:
To compare the effects of 10 minutes (experimental) over
20 minutes (control) SWD in treatment of OA knee by
using WOMAC.
• From analysis and examination the significant
improvement was found in the group of patients who
received 20 minutes SWD plus NSAIDs.So , it is almost
clear that , 20 minutes SWD is more effective then 10
minutes of SWD.