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Physiotherapy methods
This document discusses various physiotherapy methods including short wave diathermy, ultrasound therapy, and interferential therapy. It provides details on their principles, mechanisms of action, indications, contraindications, precautions, and therapeutic uses. Short wave diathermy uses electromagnetic energy to generate heat deep in tissues and provides both thermal and non-thermal effects. Ultrasound therapy uses high frequency sound waves above 20,000 Hz to mechanically stimulate tissues. Interferential therapy applies two or more alternating medium frequencies to generate a low frequency current and stimulate nerves in a comfortable and tolerable way. All three modalities can be used to reduce pain and spasm, increase blood flow, enhance tissue healing, and relax muscles.
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Physiotherapy methods
- 1. PHYSIOTHERAPY METHODS Dr.Sarthy.V. DNB (Ortho) AsstProfessor Department of Orthopaedics SSSMCRI
- 2. Will be introducedto: Short Wave Diathermy : SWD Ultra Sound Therapy. Inter Ferential Therapy : IFT
- 3. Short Wave Diathermy: SWD
- 4. Principle • High frequencyElectromagnetic energy.
- 5. SWD Radio frequency vibration Penetratesdeep tissue Molecular vibration Thermal & Non thermal effects
- 6. Thermal Effects • DeepHeat • Increase Metabolism • Increase Extensibility • Muscle Relaxation • Modify Enzyme Reactions Non Thermal Effects • Edema Reduction • Superficial wound healing • Heal venous stasis ulcers
- 7.
- 8. Induction field • UsesCoil & Drum. • Places the patient in the electromagnetic field. • Produces Eddy Current. • Heat generated from friction.
- 9. Capacitive field • Patientstissue is part of the circuit. • tissue’s electrical resistance produces heat. • Selectively heats Skin. . • Muscle heats up through conduction from Skin & Adipose tissue.
- 10. precautions • Heat produceddirectly related to the tissue’s resistance. • Adipose tissue / fat - provides maximum resistance.
- 11. Mode of application Continuous •Unsafe. Pulsed • Allows prolonged use. • Allows more intensity to be used.
- 12. Therapeutic use • Painrelief: Traumatic & Rheumatic. • Relieves Spasm. • Resolution of inflammation. • Accelerate wound healing. • Infection: • Increases circulation. • Brings in more WBCs. • Increases Extensibility of Fibrous tissue.
- 13. contraindications • Metal implantsor metal jewelry •Cardiac pacemakers • •Ischemic areas • •Peripheral vascular disease • •Perspiration and moist dressings: The water collects and concentrates the heat. • •Tendency to hemorrhage, including menstruation. • •Pregnancy • •Fever
- 14. contraindications • Sensory loss ••Cancer • •Areas of particular sensitivity: • –Epiphyseal plates in children • –The genitals • –Sites of acute infection • –The abdomen with an implanted intrauterine device (IUD) • –The eyes and face • –Application through the skull
- 15.
- 16. Microwave diathermy • Electromagneticwave frequency range: • Between: • ShortWave & Infra Red.
- 17.
- 18. • Mechanical wavesin the form of sound energy. • Normal sound range: • 16Hz – 20,000Hz • Ultrasound frequency: > 20,000Hz. • Therapeutic range: • 1.0 MHz – 3.0 MHz (1MHz – 1 Million cycle / Second )
- 19. Mechanism of action UltraSound Waves Oscillation of Particles Molecular Vibration Thermal Reaction
- 20. Production of uswaves Crystals are exposed to alternating electrical current. contract/expand/oscillate Produce pressure waves Ultra Sound Waves
- 21. indications • To decreasepain & spasm. • Increase collagen elasticity. • Increase blood flow. • Increase metabolic rate. • Enhance tissue healing. • Early organization of healing tissue.
- 22. precautions • Anesthetic areas. •Myositis Ossificans. • Fibrotic myopathy. • Implants: Plastic & Metallic. • Carotid Sinus. • Pregnant uterus.
- 23. contraindications • Over heart. •Over spinal cord. • Epiphysis/Growth plate. • Acute infection. • Bleeding areas. • Neoplasm. • Thrombophlebitis.
- 24. Us - Frequency •1 MHz – Penetrate deeper tissue : 2-3 cm. • 3 MHz – Heats superficial tissue : 0-3 cm.
- 25. Mode of application Continuous •Thermal effect Pulsed • Non Thermal effect.
- 26. Pulsed mode • Pulseratio determines the concentration of energy. • Acute conditions : Increased Pulse ratio. • More Pause than Pass (1:3,1:4) • Chronic Conditions : Decreased Pulse Ratio.
- 27. Interface reflection • Temperatureincrease at tissue interfaces, due to reflection. • Always use low intensity over bony areas. • Heating of the overlying periosteum very painful. • Maximum heat produced at a depth of 1cm.
- 28. mechanism US waves Unidirectional movementof fluid in the field. Micro massage. Increased Cell Diffusion & Permeability & Increase Calcium ion transport. More rapid recruitment of endothelial cells & fibroblasts – help in healing.
- 29.
- 30. introduction • Widely usedelectrotherapy modality • Developed by Dr. Hans Nemec of Vienna in Australia 1950s • Utilizes the therapeutic aspects of low frequency currents without the discomfort.
- 31. principle Transcutaneous uses oftwo or three alternating medium frequency (2000 to 5000Hz) sinusoidal current Introduce low frequency (1 to 250Hz) current Stimulate sensory and motor nerves
- 32.
- 33. Why ift ? •Low skin resistance. • More comfortable. • More tolerable. • Deep penetration. • Larger area.
- 34. Mode of application 2Poles (Bipolar) 4 Poles Stereodynamic 3D Static Static Dynamic Oval field Clover leaf field Circular field Smaller areas: Ankle Elbow Acute Conditions: Milder effect. Larger areas: Diffuse pain.. Shoulder Back Thigh
- 35. Duration of application •10 to 30 minutes. • 12 to 24 sittings. • NEVER FOR MORE THAN 30 minutes.
- 36. disadvantages • Eliminates painbut not its cause. • Not easily portable. • Expensive.
- 37. Clinical effect • Painrelief. • Muscle Stimulation. • Increased local blood flow. • Decreases edema.
- 38. Pain alleviation • Stimulationof Reticular formation in the brain via the sensory nerve endings. • Block “C “ fiber transmission (Gate Control).
- 39. Edema reduction • Ionvibration. • Ion diffusion. • Increased Permeability. • Increased venous & lymphatic drainage.
- 40. Marked use • ComplexRegional Pain Syndrome. • Stump Pain. • Herpes Zoster. • Vascular Insufficiency. • Myofascial pain syndromes. • Muscle re-education for patients with urinary incontinence.
- 41. Not of use •In acute post traumatic pain.
- 42. contraindications • Arterial/venous Thrombi. •Infected areas. • Cranium. • Pregnant Uterus. • Hemorrhagic areas. • Malignancy. • Implants : plastic & metallic. • Unreliable Patients.
- 43. dangers BURNS • Metal electrodeover skin. • Increased intensity. • Insufficient Moisture pads. ECCHYMOSES/HEMATOMA • Suction from the negative pressure created.
- 44. Poor results • Improperelectrode placement. • Incorrect choice of frequency. • Incorrect balancing of the frequencies.
- 45.